Table of contents

1.      Introduction. 1

2.      Power/Energy Estimation/Assessment: 2

a.      Tucson Irradiance data. 2

b.     PV with fixed orientation. 3

c.      Comparing both orientations. 3

3.      Research the PV Components Required for the System.. 3

d.     PV module types. 3

4.      PV module layout 5

e.      Schematics of PV.. 5

f.      Area calculation. 5

5.      Power output assessment 6

g.     Monthly energy output with the required system.. 6

h.     Calculations. 7

i.       Cost estimation. 7

j.       Determine power output 8

k.     Cost estimation for system with interest rate. 8

6.      Conclusion

1.      Introduction of Designing of photovoltaic system

In this report, there is complete information about the designing of the photovoltaic system. The main purpose of this project is to evaluate and design a grid connected PV system. This system is able to maximize the electrical power that is supplied towards the residential area located in Tucoson, AZ. It will use different types of concepts. According to this project, a proper information about the monthly energy consumption is given in the form of bar graph. The new system will be design according to the consideration of trade-off options between different options of PV system.

Now according to the fact, this graph is showing the information about the monthly energy consumption of the houses located in Tucson. The information is showing that maximum area available for supply of required energy is only 17 meter square.

2.      Power/Energy Estimation/Assessment:
a.      Tucson Irradiance data

It is the irradiance data for Tucson gathered from the Global-Irrad.pdf. It is showing that its latitude is about 32. 12 degree. The rate of elevation is about 779 meters. Now there is need to estimate the energy given by 17% efficient modules

According to this fact, there is need to calculate the tilt angle of the solar panel that will give energy to the 17% efficient modules. This can be done through this formula

b.     PV with fixed orientation of Designing of photovoltaic system

According to this case, the latitude angle must be according 60-65 for maximum energy from the solar panel. Such solar panels must able to absorb such level of heat easily. But there is another option for maximizing the energy output in the afternoon when its demand is high. For that case, there is need to set the azimuth angle of the module. But now in Tucson the latitude angel will be used is +- 15 degree only. Due to this case, the second equation is useful for tilt angle.

c.      Comparing both orientations of Designing of photovoltaic system

Now according to the table of Tucson, it can be noted that there are about three main categories and only two with latitude angle of +- 15 degree latitude angle. These are fixed array and single axis tracker. If we take a look on the table given below. It can be seen that in January, the single axis tracker energy power is greater than the fixed array. It is showing that when latitude angle of fixed array is -15 then its energy consumption is about 4.6. On the other hand, the latitude angle of the single axis tracker on same angle is showing energy consumption of about 7.4 kW per hour.

3.      Research the PV Components Required for the System
d.     PV module types of Designing of photovoltaic system

According to the design of the PV system, there is need to investigate about PV module types for the system. But it can be noted that its specification must be according to the STC conditions. These conditions are given as

STC conditions of Designing of photovoltaic system

Solar irradiance =1000 watts per square

Air mass= 1.5 kg

Cell temperature = 25 degree centigrade

The first type of the module is Monocrystalline. It is considered as most developed type of the PV system. This module is formed through the single continuous crystal structures that are packed with each other. This panel can be easily identified from the solar cells that are appeared in the flat colour.

The next type is related to the polycrystalline. It is a new technology in the solar panels and its manufacturing process is different from others.

According to the fact Monocrystalline is the best choice for designing the solar panel system because of these advantages.

·         It can be noted that these solar panels are containing highest efficiency rates because they are made up from highest-grade silicon. These panels are able to convert 22% of the sunlight into electric energy.

·         The next advantage is on this design many researchers are working and new technologies are formed through little bit modifications.

·         Moreover, these solar panels are completely space-efficient. They are not taking enough space than other modules. These modules can easily produce enough power per square foot of the array.

·         Another advantage is that these panels are containing extremely long life span. They always came with 25 years warranty.

·         These panels are also extremely efficient in warm weather. It can be noted that the electricity production will be decreased as temperature increases. 

These are all the main reasons why monocrystalline solar panel is used for this area. The next thing is that module cost will be lowered and it is only about 100 dollars

a.       Inverter for the system

It can be noted that total demand of the load is around 2500 watts. This is because in the peak month this demand is increasing up to this value.

According to this fact, the rating of inverter is 3000 VA

The cost of the inverter will be about

4.       PV module layout
e.       Schematics of PV of Designing of photovoltaic system

f.       Area calculation of Designing of photovoltaic system

For calculating the total area required for this module there is need to check the required efficiency value from the PV system. It can be noted that there is requirement of only 17% of efficiency. The total power delivered by the inverter is about 2500 watts

This shows that for this solar panel module there is requirement of only 14 meter square area. According to this area, the demand of energy through solar panel module will be fulfilled easily. Moreover, it can be fit easily in the 17 meter square area.

5.       Power output assessment
g.      Monthly energy output with the required system

In the first step, there is proper information about the rating of the solar panel, how much sunlight will be for the whole day. It shows that in that Tucson the sunlight time is about 7 hours. The efficiency percentage is about 17. Now it will become like this

Now solar panel output according to STC temperature of the area. It shows that the STC temperature is about 25 degree centigrade

This shows that whenever the temperature will be increase from STC value there will be 6.25% decrease in the value in the output power and it will become like this

This shows that there will be about 18 watts will be decreased from daily power of this solar panel as the temperature is increased from STC. This is because there will be decrease in 0.258% of the value when there is increase in temperature from the STC value.

Source: http://rssweather.com/climate/Arizona/Tucson/

h.     Calculations of Designing of photovoltaic system

Load of the area

Total watt hour rating

It can be noted that sunlight is for 7 hours per day then its value will be

i.        Cost estimation of Designing of photovoltaic system

According to this there are about 4 solar panels are required to complete this system

Cost for solar batteries

It can be noted that there is requirement of 4 batteries to complete the operation. It shows that its price will become

Cost of one battery is about 50 dollars

As it can be noted that the inverter cost has been calculated already. Now there is need to calculate the whole system cost it will become

j.       Determine power output of Designing of photovoltaic system

According to the given condition, the power will be calculated at 12 June at 1:30 PM. It can be noted that it is a summer season in that area.

This can be done through this formula

k.     Cost estimation for system with interest rate

According to this there are about 4 solar panels are required to complete this system

Cost for solar batteries

It can be noted that there is requirement of 4 batteries to complete the operation. It shows that its price will become

Cost of one battery is about 50 dollars

As it can be noted that the inverter cost has been calculated already. Now there is need to calculate the whole system cost it will become

Now add the installation cost

Interest rate cost

6.      Conclusion of Designing of photovoltaic system

Summing up all the discussion from above it is concluded that this report is dealing with complete designing of the PV system for the given area. The area for this report was Tucson. The load diagram was presented in this task. To complete the demand of this location. There is need of designing a solar panel system. According to the STC values this system is designed.