Literature Review of marine cyber risk challenges and security

If any technology is used on a small scale, its issues and problems can also be small, but when things have become a huge part of daily life and businesses as information technology has become, then its relevant issues are obvious to happen. That's why it is critical for individuals and companies to stay alert and come up with various countermeasures so that they can avoid cyberattacks in the first place, and if they do happen, then they must have a plan to deal with those threats (Amoroso, 2012).

Cybersecurity is one of the biggest concerns of recent times, and if considerable countermeasures will not be taken by stakeholders, then they may face severe consequences. The individuals, companies and governments should come up with policies and systems to protect their data and sensitive information by developing and implementing above mentioned countermeasures because this is the only way to effectively deal with cybersecurity issues (cyberdefensemagazine, 2019).

As stated by Kazan (2016), the process to maintain as well as achieving secure cyberspace is very difficult and complex, as well as it also concerns with intellectual property, sustainability, privacy, the critical infrastructure as well as the personal identity of the organization. The threats for making secure the operating infrastructure are profound as well as serious such as cybercrime, cyber terrorism, cyber espionage as well as a cyberwar for the kind of the technical community has responded with the procedures as well as safeguards and normally the private sector supplies. The whole study gives very brief information on the security within the cyber domain with the objective of the developing techniques of cybersecurity (Kazan, 2016).

Knowles et al. (2015) also described that it has identified by the dearth of the security metrics for the specific industrial control system as a hurdle for the implementation of this kind of the methodologies. Therefore, an agenda is outlined in the industrial security control system metrics for future research. To handle the fail-secure as well as a fail-safe of the industrial control system operations, the concept of functional assurance is also introduced (Knowles, Prince, Hutchison, & Jones, 2015). The main cause of this problem is that technology is increasing. Due to these many systems are moving towards the online structure. In that case, there will be a huge risk of cybersecurity issues in the industry. The main consequences will be related to data breaching. It can be noted that if these issues are not tackled by the industry then they may lose important data. Due to this, there will be a huge problem for this industry that can damage the foundation of the country. This is because the marine industry is extremely important especially for Oman

In this article, Andrew E Tucci states that this a relevant problem is for many years because many industries are facing. They don't have such a system that can easily perfectly deal with the cybercrime issues. Therefore, many industries are applying different and valuable tools for dealing with cybersecurity risks in an efficient way. The other industries are not able to tackle this problem due to many reasons. The first reason is that their infrastructure is extremely big that makes it more difficult. The next reason is related to the software technical team is not perfect. Due to these reasons, it will become extremely difficult for the different industry to minimize the risk of cybersecurity (Tucci, 2013). This project is addressing the marine industry. This is because, from the past, it can be observed that this industry has gone through a high-quality transformation and changes in the past. Moreover, the main purpose of this industry is to grow in the form of an automation system. This is why it is considered to be the most important aspect of the marine industry. But the fact is that as technology is increasing in the marine industry there will be an increase in cybercrime threats. Due to this problem, it will become a huge challenge for the company. This study is addressing major challenges related to cybercrime in the marine industry.

In this article Joseph DaiRenzo explains that here are many members from some important industries will be interested in this project because it is considered as a global issue and first of all the government of the company. The main reason is that it is considered as a global issue because there are many companies are affected and it is damaging the economic condition of the country. The next thing is that important departments will be interested in this project because this department includes banks, defence and health care centres. All of them will be interested in this project related to highlighting the challenges related to cybercrime. Moreover, this problem is existing in every department of the world. It can be noted that any industry of the world that contains an online system to carry out different tasks of the industry will face such issues related to data breaching and other cybercrime issues. Due to this fact cybercrime is considered as the most important challenge around the world also for the marine industry. This problem exists when different industries of the world are converted their system into automation. For this approach, their whole data is published online and there will be a high risk of losing their important data (DiRenzo, 2010).

In this Research article, Expin Eskonj Explains that the risk and challenges of security occur all the time and it can’t be measured easily. The marine system needs good security systems for resolving the challenges and risks that occur in cybersecurity. Usually, the marine industry has been gone by using the incredible transformation in the last several years at a large scale. The major purpose of the industry growth is considered as automation and it is one of the most important reason aspects in the marine industry.  In the shipping industry, by increasing the automation the constant threats for the ships in cyberspace can be increased. This study is conducted to measure the challenges of the cyber in the marine.

The risk of the cybersecurity is developing gradually and in various industries, these risks are grasping the era trends of the industry in effective manners. The cyber-attacks methods are engaged in changing constantly. To employ the mandatory measures of cybersecurity, it is increasingly difficult for preventing them. These are the good sources in the forms of cybersecurity for enhancing the systems and mechanism of the marine industry (Skjong, 2016).

In this article, Jones K.D states that several cyber-attacks can occur during the implementation of cybersecurity in the shipping industry.  A few of the important attacks are malware contamination, data breaches, invoice frauds and incidents of the ransomware. To protect the data on the servers of the ships for protection from various threats, it has become most important and essential. Any given enterprise can be protected by the cybersecurity against the numerous cyber-attacks. It also protects from unauthorized access for the particular computerized systems otherwise it can hack badly. Due to the rapid growth of technology; digitization is also embraced in the shipping or maritime industry. The various cost savings, as well as efficiencies, are embraces in the maritime industry as well and it all comes with it. In all of these aspects and perspectives, security can be often taken as for granted. Unfortunately, if such kinds of the system will be evolved than the numbers of the hackers can be enhanced and their methods are becoming more advanced with time. Such as; phishing emails are always required for the dawn of an email. (Jones, 2015).

            In this article Kimberly Tam says that if any innovation is utilized from a more minor perspective, its issues and issues can likewise be little, yet when things have become an immense piece of everyday life and organizations as data innovation has become, at that point its pertinent issues are evident to occur. That is the reason it is basic for people and organizations to remain alarmed and think of different countermeasures so they can maintain a strategic distance from cyberattacks in any case, and if they do occur, at that point they should have the arrangement to manage those dangers. Cybersecurity is probably the greatest worry of late occasions, and if impressive countermeasures won't be taken by partners, at that point they may confront extreme outcomes. The people, organizations and governments should think of arrangements and frameworks to ensure their information and delicate data by creating and actualizing previously mentioned countermeasures since this is the best way to viably manage cybersecurity issues (Tam, 2012).

As expressed by Kazan (2016), the procedure to keep up just as accomplishing secure the internet is extremely troublesome and complex, just as it likewise worries with licensed innovation, supportability, protection, the basic framework just as the individual personality of the association. The dangers for making secure the working framework are significant just as genuine, for example, cybercrime, digital psychological warfare, digital undercover work just as a cyberwar for the sort of the specialized network has reacted with the strategies just as shields and ordinarily the private part supplies. The entire examination gives brief data on the security inside the digital space with the target of the creating procedures of cybersecurity. This a pertinent issue is for a long time because numerous ventures are confronting. They don't have such a framework, that can without much of a stretch superbly manage the cybercrime issues.

Accordingly, numerous ventures are applying extraordinary and significant instruments for proficiently managing digital security chances. Different enterprises can't handle this issue because of numerous reasons. The main explanation is that their foundation is amazingly enormous that makes it progressively troublesome. The following explanation is identified with the product specialized group isn't great. Because of these reasons, it will turn out to be very hard for diverse business to limit the danger of digital security. This undertaking is tending to the marine business. This is because, from the past, it very well may be seen that this industry has experienced a top-notch change and changes before. Also, the principle motivation behind this industry is to develop as a computerization framework. This is the reason it is viewed as the most significant part of the marine business. Yet, the truth of the matter is that as innovation is expanding in the marine business there will be an expansion in cybercrime dangers (Kazan, 2016).

Knowles et al. (2015) likewise depicted that it has distinguished by the lack of security measurements for the particular modern control framework as an obstacle for the execution of this sort of techniques. Consequently, a plan is sketched out in the mechanical security control framework measurements for future research. To deal with the come up short secure just as a safeguard of the modern control framework activities, the idea of useful affirmation is likewise presented. The primary driver of this issue is that innovation is expanding. Because of these numerous frameworks are moving towards the online structure. All things considered, there will be a tremendous danger of digital security issues in the business. The fundamental results will be identified with information breaking. It tends to be noticed that on the off chance that these issues are not handled by the business, at that point they may lose significant information. Because of this, there will be a colossal issue for this industry that can harm the establishment of the nation. This is because the marine business is critical particularly for Oman.

Because of this issue, it will end up being a colossal test for the organization. This examination is tending to significant provokes identified with cybercrime in the marine business. There are numerous individuals from some significant businesses will be keen on this venture since it is considered as a worldwide issue and as a matter of first importance the legislature of the organization. The primary explanation is that it is considered as a worldwide issue because there are numerous organizations are influenced and it is harming the financial state of the nation. Interestingly, significant offices will be keen on this undertaking since this division incorporates banks, barrier and medicinal services places. Every one of them will be keen on this task identified with featuring the moves identified with cybercrime (Knowles, Prince, Hutchison, & Jones, 2015).

In this article, Lobo Gerorogy says that Also, this issue is existing in each division of the world. It very well may be noticed that any industry of the world that contains an online framework to do various errands of the business will face such issues identified with information penetrating and other cybercrime issues. Because of this reality cybercrime is considered as the most significant test far and wide likewise for the marine business. This issue exists when various enterprises of the world are changed over their framework into computerization.

For this methodology, their entire information is distributed on the web and there will be a high danger of losing their significant information the hazard and difficulties of security happen constantly and it can't be estimated without any problem. The marine framework needs great security frameworks for settling the difficulties and dangers that happen in cybersecurity. For the most part, the marine business has been passed by utilizing the mind-boggling change over the most recent quite a long while everywhere scale. The significant motivation behind the business development is considered as computerization and it is one of the most significant explanation angles in the marine business. In the transportation business, by expanding the mechanization the consistent dangers for the boats on the internet can be expanded. This investigation is directed to quantify the difficulties of the digital in the marine (Lobo-Guerrero, 2012).

In this article Abkowitz use to say that the danger of the cybersecurity is growing slowly and in different enterprises, these dangers are getting a handle on the time patterns of the business in successful habits. The digital assaults strategies are occupied with evolving continually. To utilize the compulsory proportions of cybersecurity, it is progressively hard for forestalling them. These are the acceptable sources in the types of cybersecurity for improving the frameworks and component of the marine business There are a few digital assaults that can happen during the usage of cybersecurity in the delivery business. A couple of the significant assaults are malware tainting, information penetrates, receipt cheats and occurrences of the ransomware. To secure the information on the servers of the boats for insurance from different dangers, it has gotten generally significant and basic.

Some random undertaking can be secured by the cybersecurity against the various digital assaults. It additionally shields from unapproved access for the specific automated frameworks else it can hack gravely. Because of the quick development of innovation; digitization is additionally grasped in the delivery or sea industry. The different cost investment funds, just as efficiencies, are grasps in the sea business too and everything accompanies it. In these viewpoints and points of view, security can be regularly underestimated as. Shockingly, if such sorts of the framework will be developed than the quantities of the programmers can be upgraded and their strategies are getting further developed with the progression of time. For example, phishing messages are constantly required for the beginning of an email (Abkowitz, 2011).

References of marine cyber risk challenges and security

Abkowitz, M. D. (2011). An Application Of Enterprise Risk Management In The Marine Transportation Industry. 221 - 232.

Amoroso, E. (2012). Cyber Attacks: Protecting National Infrastructure, STUDENT EDITION (illustrated Edition ed.). Elsevier.

cyberdefensemagazine. (2019). Some countermeasures of cyber attack. Retrieved from https://www.cyberdefensemagazine.com/some-countermeasures-to-cyber-attacks/

DiRenzo, J. (2010). The Little-known Challenge of Maritime Cyber Security. 1-5.

Jones, K. (2015). Threats and Impacts in Maritime Cyber Security. 1-3.

Kazan, H. (2016). Contemporary Issues in Cybersecurity. Journal of Cybersecurity Research (JCR), 1(1).

Knowles, W., Prince, D., Hutchison, D., & Jones, J. F. (2015). A survey of cybersecurity management in industrial control systems. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 9, 52-80.

Lobo-Guerrero, L. (2012). LLOYD'S AND THE MORAL ECONOMY OF INSURING AGAINST PIRACY. 5(1), 67-83.

Skjong, E. (2016). Past, Present, and Future Challenges of the Marine Vessel’s Electrical Power System. 2(4), 522-537.

Tam, K. (2012). Threats and Impacts in Maritime Cyber Security. 1-13.

Tucci, A. E. (2013). Cyber Risks in the Marine Transportation System. 113-131.