The microcontroller is the IC (integrated
circuit) device which is also used for controlling as well as for the various
portions of electronic systems. There are some important features of
microcontroller that involves memory, microprocessor unit along several
peripherals [1].=
Figure 1: Microcontroller
1.
Name
three products that have embedded microcontrollers?
·
Smart washing machine
·
Mp3 player
·
Microwave oven
2.
Name
two microcontroller brands other than the Arduino?
·
Intel
·
Microchip Technology (PIC)
3.
What
is unique about the Arduino?
The unique thing about the Arduino is
its connection with the board to the computer by the USB cables that are also
doing the dual purpose for acting like the serial port and supplying the power
to the interface of Computer and Arduino.
Figure 2: Arduino
4.
What
is a potentiometer?
The potentiometer is also known as variable
resistor, manually adjustable by the three terminals. There two terminal are
associated with the resistive element and their third element is also connected
by the adjustable wiper. Thus evaluate the output voltage by the position of the
wiper. The main use of a potentiometer is to measure the potential difference
between two terminals of the circuit. It is measure only when there is no
connection of battery of any external device [2].
Figure 3: Potentiometer
5.
What
is the difference between a servo motor and a DC motor?
Servo Motor
|
DC Motor
|
The servo motor has the three-wire
system which is control and ground, power
|
DC motor has a two-wire system which
is known as ground and power
|
Rotation of servo motor does not rotate
freely as well as continuously
|
Rotation of DC motor rotate freely as well as continuously [3]
|
Servo motor used in the robotic
leg, arms and rudder control
|
DC motor is used fans, wheel, and
car
|
6.
What
is the difference between a servo motor and a stepper motor?
Servo Motor
|
Stepper Motor
|
The servo motor has a high speed that
is why is best suited for the various application by high torque and high
speed.
|
Stepper motor also had the maximum
torque for low speed and it is also
used for suitable applications
|
Servo motor comes in different
sizes as well as torque ratings [4]
|
Stepper motor is easily controlled by
a microcontroller
|
The servo motor potential rotation
is limited to 180 of motion
|
Stepper motor also has less torque
at the high speed as compared to the low speed.
|
Figure 4: Stepper motor
7.
What
are the components of a servo motor?
There are three primary components of
the servo motor;
·
Motor
·
Drive
·
Feedback mechanism
9. Define the following specifications of a servo motor:
i.
operating
speed : The operating speed of the servo
motor is the time required for the shaft to reach specified positions [5].
The common servo motor also has the operating speed in the normal range of 1, 05
to the 0,2 s/60 degree torque. This motor contains slow speed because its torque
is extremely high. According to the relation torque and speed are inversely
proportional to each other.
ii.
running
current: When the servo motor runs by the
normal load then the servo motor also takes the “Running current”. The value of
the running current for the servo motor is 0.2A to 0.25A.
iii.
Stall torque: The
Stall torque is produced through the various devices where the rotational
output speed is zero and a torque load which is causing the rotational speed to
also become zero [6] The
stall torque value in servo motor 3.2kpcm and 3.5 kpcm.
iv.
Stall
current: In the servo motor, the stall current
has occurred when the motor is not moving, and thus there is no reactance as
well as no EMF. The value of the stall current in the servo motor is 0.8A to 1.0A [7].
v.
Idle current: Current
is needed through the servos which are also tended and it is unspecified where
the design by the servo has the most of components and there are two current
produced idle current and quiescent current.
vi.
Running life: For
any servo motor, there is no specific time table for the running life, But in
the idle condition, the servo motor could also last the 20+ years as well as the
under the extreme condition which could also last and less than one year [8].
vii.
Limit
angle: The servo motor is small so that is
why you could place it at any angle very accurately. But for a certain range
usually from 180-270 degrees.
viii.
Spline:
The Futaba manufactures servo has four different
splines. Moreover, mini size and standard servo motor contains 25 splines [9].
ix.
Horn
type: There are different types of Horn in the
servo motor;
·
55707 Mini Aluminum single Arm
·
Hitec OEM Arm set
·
B1 Servo Horn
·
D1 Servo Horn
x.
Excessive
play: The system of the excessive play is the
servo motor is defined when the steering wheel could also be turned by one or
more half inches without the wheel of rotation. Thus the steering wheel is also
lost.
xi.
Operating
travel: The timing, as well as physical
limits for servo hardware changes among model as well as brands but general
servo’s of full angular motion, would also travel in a range of along with the neutral position of
.
xii. Travelling Angle deviation: The
servo motor output shaft is capable of the traveling of around. And sometimes it is
used in the and changes through the manufacture. The servo
motor is used to control the angular motion among the 0 to 180 degrees.
xiii.
Centering
deviation: A servo motor also has the rotation
detector which is mounted by the back shaft side of the servo motor and it also
detects the speed and position of the rotor. The servo motor also enables the
high response positioning operation and the high resolutions.
xiv.
Neutral
position: The servo motor could turn in the 90 direction
by the total movement. Whereas the neutral position of the servo motor is
defined as the position of the servo which also has the same amount for the
potential rotation in the anti-clockwise and clockwise direction [10]
Figure 5: Servo control positions
xv.
Dead bandwidth: The
servo motor has the 1 to 2-microsecond dead bandwidth thus the various also have
the 10 microseconds. A servo is controlled through the string of pluses which
is normally 60 pluses per second [11].
xvi.
Maximum travel: The
actual input for the servo motor which is the difference among the feedback
signal as well as required the signal thus speed of the motor is proportional to
the difference among the required position and current position. The power amount
is needed through the motor which is proportional to distance and needs to travel [12].
Figure 6: servo motor
10. What is pulse width modulation?
Pulse width modulation is the technique that is used to
reduce the power output of an electrical signal by chopping it off in a discrete
part which is achieved by turning the switch between load and supply at a very
fast rate.
11. What is breadboard?
A breadboard is a board or a construction base which is used
for prototyping of electric circuits. As there is no soldering involved in the breadboard,
they are reusable.
Figure
7: Breadboard
12. Explain the anatomy
of the breadboard.
The breadboard has a horizontal strip of metal beneath the
upper layer. Metal rows have holes that are 0.1 inches apart from each other
and wires or the legs of the component can be inserted into the exposed holes
of the upper layer. Two things that are in the same get connected. On both
sides of breadboards are power rails that run in parallel. There are two
columns on each side. One is positive 5 volts and the other is ground.
References Arduino assignment
[1]
|
R. Keim, "What
Is a Microcontroller? The Defining Characteristics and Architecture of a
Common Component," 25 March 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/what-is-a-microcontroller-introduction-component-characteristics-component/.
|
[2]
|
Resistorguide.Com,
"Potentiometer," 2020. [Online]. Available:
http://www.resistorguide.com/potentiometer/.
|
[3]
|
Circuitglobe.Com,
"Difference Between Servo Motor and DC Motor," 2020. [Online].
Available: https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-servo-motor-and-dc-motor.html.
|
[4]
|
Helen ,
"Choosing the Right Motor for Your Project – DC vs Stepper vs Servo
Motors," 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2019/04/01/choosing-the-right-motor-for-your-project-dc-vs-stepper-vs-servo-motors/.
|
[5]
|
. D. COLLINS,
"Servo-motor torque curves: What you need to know," 20 may 2018.
[Online]. Available:
https://www.motioncontroltips.com/servo-motor-torque-curve/.
|
[6]
|
Heidenhain,
"What is torque in servo motors?," 10 June 2019. [Online].
Available:
https://www.heidenhain.us/resources-and-news/torque-in-servo-motors/.
|
[7]
|
Edaboard.Com,
"current calculations for servo motor," 2017. [Online]. Available:
https://www.edaboard.com/showthread.php?236862-current-calculations-for-servo-motor.
|
[8]
|
. J. York,
"Lifespan of a Servo Motor," 14 June 2014. [Online]. Available:
http://blog.repairzone.com/lifespan-of-a-servo-motor/.
|
[9]
|
Servocity.Com,
"Servo Spline Info," 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.servocity.com/servo-spline-info.
|
[10]
|
Jameco.com, "How
Do Servo Motors Work?," 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.jameco.com/jameco/workshop/howitworks/how-servo-motors-work.html.
|
[11]
|
Rcgroups.com,
"Servo Dead Band Width," 20 November 2009. [Online]. Available:
https://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?1145538-Servo-Dead-Band-Width.
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[12]
|
A. Goel, "Servo
Motor : types and working principle explained.," 6 Novemeber 2018.
[Online]. Available: https://engineering.eckovation.com/servo-motor-types-working-principle-explained/.
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