The world is now facing air pollution that is very dangerous for the health of humans as well as it can cause of several dangerous diseases. When we think about the air pollution or the air pollutants, the most common and popular factors and sources of air pollution come into the mind. The first factor which come into mind is the smoke generated by many factories and leave in the open air. On the other side, the automobiles or the gasoline powered motors and machines are also playing the role of creating the air pollution. It the outdoor pollutants which are not so much effective and dangerous. The indoor pollutants are most effective and dangerous for the human. The indoor air pollutants exist, occur as well as present in the air which can be effective for the health of human and the human have to take the proper medication as these pollutant affects him. For example, Radon is a dangerous gas on the earth and it exist mostly in the low level indoors. The reason of dangerousness of this gas is that the gas has no color even it has not any smell. It can affect the human and they can have the lung cancer disease. The report is providing brief information on the indoor air pollutants. Furthermore, it is also described in the file that the air pollutant exist or present in the air anytime time and they can affectively change the environment of the or damages the indoor environment. To conduct this study, some important objectives are discussed in this research essay. The main project of this study is to provide brief information of indoor pollutant, how it impacts on the indoor quality, how the chemicals as the indoor pollutants affect the human heath as well as some possible treatments are also discussed. The tables and some important diagrams are also given in this document which are providing information about of the affected human and other related things. (Barron, 2017)

Objectives of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

In the objective section, it is tried to uncover the information related to the existence, occurrence as well as presence of the indoor air pollutant or microbes. The main objective of this study essay is to provide brief and comprehensive informative information of the presence of microbes or air pollutants into the indoor environment, what are they, what is the impact of microbes and air pollutants on quality of indoor environment. As the study is all about the existence air pollutants or chemical / microbes in the indoor environment, it is also essential to have the information that how it is affective for the indoor quality, as well as how these indoor air pollutants can be affective or harmful for health of humans. It might possible that these microbes exist in the air in a larger amount as well as it also possible humans can inhale them. They can be infected by these chemical or pollutants. If the humans are affected by these indoor pollutants or microbes then they must need the proper treatment to recover. Another other objective of this research is to discuss some important treatments. The study is providing very important information related to microbes. The objectives of this research are given below which will be explained in briefly in this research essay.

• Presence of indoor air pollutant

• Impact on Indoor quality

• Chemicals impacts on human health

• Plausible Treatment/reduction technology

Indoor Air Pollutant Discussion of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

In the discussion, all of the important aspects of the indoor air pollutant or microbes are discussed in this research essay. Before starting discussion on the presence or impact of pollutant or microbes, a short overview of indoor air pollutant and microbes is given to tell what they actually are. The indoor air pollutant is basically the air pollution that refers to the chemical, physical as well as biological pollution of the indoor air. The report is providing brief information on the indoor air pollutants. Furthermore, it is also described in the file that the air pollutant exists or present in the air anytime time. The indoor air pollutant has several types of dangerous and effective chemicals that can cause of heavy damage on the health of the human beings. The indoor air pollutant has several types of dangerous and effective chemicals that can cause of heavy damage on the health of the human beings. In this research essay, it is tried to provide the information on the existence of the air pollutant in the indoor environment. Furthermore, the information of the sources of the indoor pollutants are also discussed in this document below. (Booker, 2018)

Indoor Pollutants and Its Sources of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

At the time of thinking of air pollution or the air pollutants, the first thing come into mind that is the factors and the smoke of factories. The factories are also polluting the air as well as the environment but the automobiles, ACs or other gases are also polluting the air. These things are the main sources or air pollutants. Although, the indoor air pollutants can be effective as well as very dangerous rather than outdoor air pollutants. There are several types of air pollutants are which are more dangerous as well as exist or present every time in the indoor environment. The report is providing brief information on the indoor air pollutants. Furthermore, it is also described in the file that the air pollutant exists or present in the air anytime time. The indoor air pollutant has several types of dangerous and effective chemicals that can cause of heavy damage on the health of the human beings. Furthermore, these pollutants which are given in this essay are the major factors to affect the indoor air or indoor environment as well as it can be very dangerous for every human or living being. The notable indoor pollutants are given below. (Bennett, 2019)

1. Carbon monoxide (CO) of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

The carbon monoxide (CO) is most dangerous pollutant because the carbon monoxide has no any kind of odor or smell as well as it cannot be seen by any human being. The source of the carbon monoxide is the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Furthermore, CO is toxic and no human has the ability to see, taste or smell its toxic fumes. These things of carbon monoxide make it more dangerous because it can easily kill the human before aware in the house. It can dangerously affect the indoor air or the environment. The main dangerous thing of this toxic gas it that it can stop the humans from breathing. If it exists in the indoor air in very limited or small amount then it can damage the health of the human. The sources of carbon monoxide are provided as following; (Chen, 2007)

· Gas space heaters and unvented kerosene heaters

· Leakage of chimneys and furnaces

· Gas stoves

· Tobacco smokes

· Incomplete oxidation of combustion

· Gasoline powered equipment and generators

2. Radon of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

Radon is another odorless and colorless gas that is also an indoor air pollutant which is found at the lower levels everywhere. In the earth breakdown, it is usually made from uranium. This gas can be very dangerous because it also exists in the indoor air or in the indoor environment and it can cause of the lung cancer. Due to not having smell or cannot be seen, there is no way to know the exposure level rather than testing. So, it can dangerously affect the quality of the air.

3. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

The nitrogen dioxide is the common oxides. It is also present in indoor air as well as can be very dangerous and it has also some different types of sources. The primary sources of indoors processes of the combustion.

· Welding

· Tobacco smoke

· Kerosene heaters

· Vented appliances with defective installation

· Vented combustion appliances for example gas stoves

4. Asbestos of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

Asbestos is basically the mineral fiber which happens or occur in the soil as well as rock. It has been also used in the various materials of building construction due to the strength of the fiber as well as heat resistance property for the fire retardant and insulation. It mostly used in wide range of materials or good.

These are basic sources of the creation or the occurrence of the indoor pollutant these indoor pollutants can be very dangerous as well as can also affect the quality of the environment in which no human can long last. Furthermore, if these indoor air pollutants are in the small amount in the air then they can damage or cause of the health issues in the humans. Most of the times, human who are affected from the indoor pollutants, can have the lungs and other diseases which can be very dangerous. (Sąkol, 2019)

Table1:

Information about air pollutants

Indoor air pollutants types	Main sources	Major health impacts
PM	Smoking, fireplaces, cooking stoves and outdoor air	It will provide difficulty in respiratory and cardiovascular systems
	Fireplaces, cooking stoves and outdoor air	Provides difficulty in impairment
	fireplaces, cooking stoves and outdoor air	Damaging the lungs and provide difficulty in respiratory system
CO	Water heater, fireplaces, cooking stoves and outdoor air	This gas is extremely pollutant and toxic at concentration of 700 ppm

Figure 1: Effects of air pollutants

Chemicals Impacts on Human Health

Different chemicals that have been discussed above have number of different effects on the human life along with the animal life as well. Presence of air pollutants is one of the most serious issue and this is the term which means that different people are now experiencing some of the gradual warming of the temperatures because of the increase release of chemicals and pollutants in the environment as we have talked in detail about them in the upper part. All these gasses and air pollutants are causing that is also called as the greenhouse effect. This increase of air pollutants and different chemicals are causing an impact on almost every living creature on this planet earth that includes human beings, animals living on land, animals of sea and the plants as well. This is not just it but melting of the ice caps, increase of the sea level and then extinction of different species of plants and animals from this planet and all this is happening only because of the increased air pollutants and it is increasing day after day instead of getting reduced. People here are not aware what is happening at all. They need to take it serious to have better life in the coming years and to avoid other coming diseases as well. Results can be disastrous. (Hirabayashi, 2016)

As all of us know this that ecosystem of plant is extremely sensitive as well as complex too. Each and everything is being connected to one another along with the small lapse in this whole ecosystem which can be really disasters. Each and every year it is being noticed all such gradual changes are the reasons to get worried. Birds are laying their eggs each year earlier, all of the flowers are blooming earlier and all of the animals who do hibernate are also waking up earlier. When the level of sea would increase up to even 50cm, sea turtles will definitely lose all of their nesting grounds and ultimately it means the extinction of sea turtles. This is truer for all of the migratory wildlife along with the plants that includes coral, mangroves and seagrass as well.

This air pollution is the cause of different kind of major health problems like skin issues and breathing problems as well. This rise in temperature means an increase in the cardiovascular diseases along with the kidney diseases as well. All the water sources are also being threatened.

We need to think about all these situations clearly, no one is going to come up and save our world from getting polluted. This is not just causing an impact on the human and animal life but here the weather change is one of the major issue and this issue needs to be solved out because in the coming years things will be more complicated.

This Indoor pollution apart from all of the health effects has some of the socio-economic effect as well. This potential impact of poor indoor air quality is pretty much high and this has been calculated and estimation has been made to be in the order tens of billions of the ECU each year in the Western Europe. All of this includes the cost of medical care, income of different people can also be impacted because of the illness, working level can be effected and performance poor performance can be the reason of low productivity. Cost of the labor is significantly greater per square meter of the office space than energy and many other different environmental costs as well. Coming towards the US, loss in the productivity for every employee that is being attributed to this IAQ problem is being estimated currently to be almost 3% that makes 14 minutes per day and this adds up to the 0.6 sick days on annual basis. Some of the other different estimates have also been made through calculating the impact of IAQ on the level of productivity. For now, in the Norway, all of the authorities have estimated that costs to the society in relation to poor IAQ are in a door of almost 1 to 1.5 billion ECU on the basis of every year or even 250-350 of the ECU per inhabitant. This is the estimation that only have the costs related to the adverse health effects which requires the medical attention and this doesn’t even include the reduced efficiency of work or even the loss that takes place due to the job. Therefore, through the economic consideration, certain remedial actions need to be done to improve the indoor air quality that is most likely to be cost effective no matter that if the expensive retrofit is also being needed. (Thurston, 2017).

The related study is providing the information that hazardous chemical leakage from factories or automobiles as well as other sources of pollutants to the environment as well as other pollutant sources which escape the chemicals and gases in the indoor environment though the number anthropogenic and natural activities, as well as it can also cause the antagonistic effects on the health of humans and it can badly effect the environment which can make human health vulnerable because the chemicals will go in the lungs during inhaling. For the progressive change, the increased combustion of the fossil fuels is responsible in the previous century in the composition the atmosphere. The study is also uncovering information from the air pollutants which are most dangerous for the human health as well as the chemicals discussed here are identified form the air and play the role of the air pollutants. The air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide as well as the respirable particulate matter, differ in their composition chemically, time of disintegration, emission, reaction properties as well as ability to diffuse short distance or diffuse in the long distances. The air pollution has both chronic as well as acute impacts on the health of humans that affect organs as well as different type of various systems. Furthermore, it is also ranging from minor irritation of upper respiratory to the chronic respiratory as well as the acute respiratory infections in the children, lungs cancer and lung diseases, heart diseases, asthmatic attacks, pre-existing heart as well as chronic bronchitis in the adults. It has also lined or connected the log them exposure as well as the short-term exposures with the premature morality as well as the minimized life expectancy. In the last of this study, some effects of such kind of chemicals and indoor air pollutants on the health of human being as well as some methodology of and treatments for humans are also discussed briefly (Kampa & Castanas, 2008).

The micro environment for indoor has its own pollutants in the form of gases and chemicals as well as levels of pollution in the indoor and outdoor environments. But the indoor environment is more dangerous than outdoor pollutants. It is particularly so when there are processes of combustion connected or associated with the smoking or the heat of the cooking attached with the ventilation poorly. Around half population of the world have to rely for cooking as well as connected or linked space for heating on the simple stoves which are used in the kitchens in houses, using the unprocessed solid fuels. Furthermore, the solid fuels have the factors of high emission along with the importance. Moreover, it exposes them to higher level of air pollutants for damaging health.

Very high concentrations of the particles can be produced by the cooking as well as hundreds of chemicals are emitted by the biomass fuels at the time of inaccurate combustion or the small level combustion such as heating stoves usage or the house hold cooking in the houses. Furthermore, it may also be added by the smoke of tobacco to the different kind of biomass smoke as well as the noticeable human ill health is caused these mentioned things worldwide. Most indoor air poisons legitimately influence the respiratory and cardiovascular frameworks and the seriousness of the impact changes as indicated by both the force and the term of presentation, and furthermore the wellbeing status of the populace uncovered. The significance of this is a few individuals from the populace might be at more serious hazard than others. Some of the synthetics found in the indoor condition are classed as cancer-causing agents despite the fact that at the levels found the likelihood that they will cause malignant growth is incredibly low. It is not to lessen the problem. The indoor air pollution was ranked by the agency of environmental protection fourth in the risk between 13 most top analyzed problems related to the environment in the United states (Hoskins, 2003).

From where all these pollutants and gases comes from that has such a negative effect on health?

Since the start of this whole industrial revolution, humans are the ones that are being increasingly changing all of the balance of different gases that are present in the atmosphere. Burning up the different kind of fossil fuels that include coal along with some of the oil releases different kind of water vapor as well like, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Ozone and the Nitrous oxide along with some of the primary gases as well. Among all of the gases, Carbon Dioxide is one of the most common gas. If we look back at year 2016, CO2 is the gas that accounted almost 81.6% of the overall US emission of gases. It has been observed that there is a drastic increase of C02 gas in the environment. All of us knows this fact that C02 is the gas that absorbs large scale of the heat as compared to the other gases. As a result of all this, global mean temperature of the earth is increasing.

Carbon Dioxide is the gas that makes it way easily into the atmosphere by number of different routes. Burning of the different kind of fossil fuels supports the release of Carbon Dioxide and through evidences it has also been found out that that it is one of the biggest contribution in all of the different emissions that are responsible for warming up the whole globe.

Deforestation is also known to be one of the biggest and largest contributor for the excess release of CO2 in the atmosphere. In actual, deforestation is known to be the second biggest man-made source of the CO2. As the tress die or they are being cut down, they release out the carbon that is being stored in them during the process of photosynthesis. According to the research that was being published in 2010 by Global Forest Resource Assessment, deforestation round about releases almost billion tons of the carbon gas in the environment each year.

After CO2, methane is known to be the second most common greenhouse gas but here this is the gas that is way more efficient for the trapping of heat. EPA reports that methane is the gas that is almost 25 times considered to be more efficient for trapping up the heat as compared to Carbon Dioxide. As CO2 is being produced by combustion, methane can come from any of the natural resource but in actual human beings are the one that cause the large portion for the emission of methane gas by the process of mining, using natural gas, use of landfills along with raising up the livestock as well. Animals are the source that produce almost 26% in total of the total methane emission.

Figure 2: Chemicals for health concern

Methods for Studying the Health Effects:

Different methods for studying the health effects of different indoor pollutants can further be divided into three major categories.

Human Studies, Subdivided into the observational as well as the experimental studies.

Different epidemiological studies of different pollutants are mostly observational, an example here is that different investigators now has no means at all for experimentally exposing all of the humans to different pollutants or the allocation of different subjects to exposed along with the unexposed groups as well. Some of the critical issues are therefore known to be the validity along with the précising of different exposure assessment along with the control for confounding different factors in all of these studies. Some of the recent development have also put an emphasis or stress on the importance of reducing the exposure towards misclassification along with the homogenous population to address all these issues as well. One of the main advantage regarding all of this is that humans are being studied under some of the realistic conditions of the exposure. Through them, only the observational epidemiological studies are not considered to be sufficient for supporting the causality of the observed association so that some of the additional information is also being required from certain other kind of the studies. Different experimental studies are all among these, therefore, all of them are only appropriate for the study of moderate, short term and reversible impacts on the people who are healthy completely or are somehow moderately ill. One of the biggest advantage is that all of the exposure conditions along with the election of different subjects are completely under the control of an investigator.

In-vitro studies are the ones in which certain effects of the pollutants on a cell or the organ cultures are being studies. All of these studies have an advantage that they are not that much costly than the animal studies and its results can also be obtained in a very short time period. This is much useful for studying the mechanism of an action but somehow it is not mostly possible for the prediction of the effects on the complete organism form the results in a quantitative method.

Criteria for the Assessment of an Impact of IAP on a Community:

The complete method for the characterization of risk for the indoor pollutants takes place through number of different phases that includes:

· Hazard identification

· Exposure assessing

· Evaluation of the dose effect

· Last one if the qualitative as well as the quantitative risk assessing

A very simple and basic criteria for the assessing all the importance for the health risk that is associated to the indoor pollution which makes a reference to the severity for the impact of concerned along with the size of population that has been affected. Some of the important issues for the community can also come from a very serious health effects and especially when large amount of the people get effected.

Different Effects of IAP on the Health of Human:

Some of the serious effects on the respiratory system of human are associated with the exposure to IAP. They include the acute as well as the chronic changes in the pulmonary functions. Sensation of the airways to the different allergens that are available in the indoor environment. Some of the very serious infections may also take place when some of the particular sources of the infectious agents are available. Asthma that is being manifested by the certain attacks of the excessive airway that further lead towards the shortness of breath along with the wheezing, this can take place when allergens are available in excessive amount but it is also associated with the environmental tobacco smoke. Different infectious agents can get involved in many of the inflammatory conditions like sinusitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma, pneumonia and alveolitis as well. (Kurt, 2016)

Figure 3: Effect of air pollution pyramid

Diseases that are Associated through an Exposure of IAP:

Allergic asthma along with allergic alveolitis that is also called as the (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) are known to be the most serious allergic diseases that are being caused by the different allergens that are present in the indoor air. Humidifier fever along with the allergic rhinoconjunctivitis are also important and serious diseases that takes place because of IAP.

Lung cancer is one of the major cancer that is associated or linked with the exposure to the IAP. Exposure of the Asbestos has been associated with the cancer in different workers along with some of the families of workers as well. This is mostly because of the asbestos fiber that is being brought into the home on the clothes of workers. Thus there are still no studies that are associated with the asbestos exposure in the homes or even the public buildings from the asbestos that is being used as the construction material for the development of cancer in human body. Effects on the reproduction of human have been linked with the exposure to the different chemicals in an environment but this is still unclear that to what extent this exposure to IAP is being involved. (Mannucci, 2017)

There is an increased mortality rate because of Cardiovascular Disease that is also associated with the exposure towards ETS in some of the groups of the women those who don’t smoke and they get married to the smokers. Some of the investigators have also addressed one of the question and that is whether total mortality rate is being influenced by the exposure to the ETS but the results that came out were contradictory. Certain attempts have been made in relation to the ETS to the electrocardiographic abnormalities along with some of the cardiovascular symptoms as well. Carbon monoxide is the gas that exerts all of its influence primarily through the binding of haemoglobin Hb in the blood. Affinity of the CO to Hb is almost about 200 times higher as compared to the affinity of an oxygen to the Hb to the relatively low levels of the CO in air. Some of the early effects induce the reduction of the time to an onset of the chest pain when it is being exposed, exercising the heart disease patients. At some of the higher levels of an exposure, myocardial infarctions may get triggered by the CO.

Basic Control Strategies of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

Here are some of the basic control methods for the lowering of the concentrations of the indoor air pollutants that can save the life of many people and we can live our lives back normally. This source management includes the source removal, substitution of the source along with the encapsulation of the source. Source management is one of the most effective control methods when it gets applied in a practical way. Source removal is also very much effective. However different actions along with the certain level of policies that keep all of the potential pollutants from getting entered indoor are way better than prevention of the IAQ problems. The source substitutions includes certain different kind of the actions like selection of the less toxic art material or even the paint that is being used on the interior of the walls as compared to the products that are being used now a days. The source encapsulation incorporates the placing of a barrier around the whole source so that it can further release very few pollutants in the air that is present indoor. Local exhaust is also very much effective on the removal of paint sources of the certain different pollutants before they gets dispersed in an air through exhausting of the contaminated air present outside. Like an example here is the exhaust fans that are used in the kitchens and the restrooms as well. Air cleaning is the one that primarily involves the filtration of different particles from the air as air gets passed through the ventilation equipment. Some of the gaseous contaminants can also get removed through this. (Di, 2018)

Conclusion

As this has been approved above clearly, Indoor air pollution is one of the major public issue that can also be characterized as the “global environmental phenomenon”. This is also pretty much obvious that all of the causes which are responsible for the creation of all these domestic problems in terms of an environment like the modern way of living, decreased rates for the ventilation for the conservation of an energy or the increased use of all the synthetic material in different buildings are not expected at all to get reduced. Nevertheless, all this task for reducing the different levels of an exposure to the different air pollutants is way complicated. The air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide as well as the respirable particulate matter, differ in their composition chemically, time of disintegration, emission, reaction properties as well as ability to diffuse short distance or diffuse in the long distances. Around half population of the world have to rely for cooking as well as connected or linked space for heating on the simple stoves which are used in the kitchens in houses, using the unprocessed solid fuels.

All of this begins through an analysis for the determination that which chemicals are present and which ones are not present in the air, at what extent or level they are present and whether are they dangerous for human health or environment or not. This needs to be decided after this that whether an unacceptable risk is present or not. When the certain problem gets identified some of the mitigation strategies need to be developed and then implemented as well for the prevention of an excessive risk in the most efficient as well as the cost-effective way. In addition to all this, analysis of the different problems that are linked to the air pollution are much complicated. This is very essential for all of the countries that their government apply all such strategies to face this worldwide issue in an effective way and then adopt all of these policies to make this world a better place to live.

References of One Indoor Air Pollutant or Microbe

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Sąkol, G. &.-G. (2019). Air Pollution during Asbestos Removal. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,, 28(2).

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