Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Computer Science 

Table of Contents

Abstract 3

Chapter 1: Introduction 3

Why this project 3

Goal of project 3

Literature review 3

Project organization 4

Chapter 2 Background and Hardware 5

Arduino Platform 5

Arduino Uno Board 5

ATmega328 Microcontroller 6

DSM501 Optical dust sensor 7

Dust Alert 7

Actuator 8

Linear Actuator 8

HEPA air filter 8

How do HEPA filters work? 8

Mechanisms of HEPA 9

Chapter 3: System design 10

Microcontroller unit 10

Actuator unit 10

Fan with filter 10

Relays 11

References 12

Abstract of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

In this report, there is complete information about the Arduino bases dust detector warning system. This type of system is a fastest growing along with the safety feature for the automotive industries. Then after this, the main goal of the project is presented and there is some literature review with complete information. Arduino gives a stage to compose and transfer a code. It looks something like as appeared in the correct side.It can be noted that it is an open source electronics platform. Moreover, it is quite easy tool for the new programmers if they wanted to gain fast prototyping. If a person that has no background from the electronic field or programming is also able to use this tool without any difficulty. Then after this, there is proper information about the dust sensor project with the help of Arduino. It will be explained through complete demonstrations about its parts and working.  

Chapter 1: Introduction of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Why this project of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

This project is the Arduino based dust detection and warning systems. This type of system is a fastest growing along with the safety feature for the automotive industries. These types of system also enable the vehicles which identify the dust chances and it gives the audio warning to the driver. This project is based on the Arduino controller as well as the whole project also gives the great understanding how the warning system works. Arduino Dust sensor are used as dust sensor. The best example of Arduino dust sensor is Sharp’s GP2Y1010AU0F that work as optical air quality sensor and its working principle is based on sensing of dust particles. The infrared emitting diode is used along with phototransistor that are diagonally arranged on the device to sense the surroundings. The sensor allows to detect the reflected light of dust in air. 

Goal of project of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The goal of the project is to design the Arduino base dust detection warning system. By using the ATmega328 Microcontroller; DSM501 Optical dust sensor provides the appropriate design for the detection warning system of dust. 

Literature review of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

For the outdoor as well as indoor areas, out of all the particulate matters available in the air and that affects the quality of air, it is called as dust. There are much different kind of the industrial areas which completely require the clean areas and rooms where the concentration of dust needs to be kept below a threshold just to make sue the products that are being manufactured remains successful. There are number of different applications which need the exact quantity measurement of the dust and for this expensive systems are being used for it. Temporarily, WSN that is abbreviated as wireless senseless networks have been emerged a one of the tool that has promised for the high resolution of the spatial measurements as compared to the other conventional devices. Apart from the usual sensors, there are many producers of WSN that offers the acquisition of data through the expansion modules that helps in supplying the general purpose analog as well as digital inputs that allows for the certain connections of external sensors. This papers is helpful in providing the combination of two different kind of the technologies through the breakage of optical interferometer dust center through the networking of conventional center. (Mokhloss I. Khadem, 2012).

Furthermore, Author Li has also showed some of the information associated with the network of wireless sensor devices that are being organized to monitor as well as distribute the information about the variety of different phenomenon of interest. A device that is wireless or even able to sense, certain level of the computation, processing of signals and data storing along with the wireless communication. Advancements in the integrated circuits design have directed towards the reduction in size, cost and weight of the sensor devices by an improvement in the accuracy as well as resolution (Y. Li, 2008).

In the paper that is being selected, Author is talking about the different water systems along with the removal of dust particles from the water as well. This is the research that involved design and then its implementation for the water monitoring systems which provides the solution to the remotely monitoring of water levels, early warnings of the different events as well as sending number of different notifications when the water level reaches to critical point and then reduced through mobile and getting all of the information through website. It helps people to get readings remotely apart from traveling to each of the monitoring station individually for the collection of data and it also gives a protection for the safety of monitoring of the personnel things in dangerous times or situations(Md. Asraful Islam, 2014).

This paper elaborates some of the important points associated with the air pollution problems. One of the main objective of this complete system is to first design and then implement Wi-Fi based plug along with the sense smart device for the monitoring of air pollution by the use of IOT. This is the system designed on device to c10ud architecture in the IOT for the monitoring of air pollution. At moment when sensor node reads the composition of an individual pollutant along with the location coordinates, Air quality index will then be calculated by the use of linear segmented principle through greater Vancouver AQI table and the aggregation method of max operator. Inhale of this air effects the animals in the same way as it effects the human beings and further damage all the internal organs (Gokul & Taclepalli, 2016)

Another paper has been visualized that also helps in monitoring the air pollution by the use of Raspberry-Pi. This is the system that has been designed by the use of python code language. Monitored values can be easily accessed through IOT platforms. All of the air pollution parameters are being taken through the gas sensors low in cost. These parameters may include Carbon-monoxide and Nitrogen oxide, amount of smoke, humidity and the temperature. Graph is then being plotted by the use of monitored values using Think speak platform. Inhaling of these gases means increasing the risk of health problem. Human activities are responsible for this kind of increase in the gases of greenhouse (Dr.B.Sivasankari & C.Arun prabha, 2017).

Project organization of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The engineering team completed this project; must have prepare the plan, where the customer first seen. Each team will develop their ideas independently and not share information or ideas with the other teams. ABC (professor’s name) will act as project supervisor.  Each individual will maintain a record of activities on the project and submit a time-accounting to ABC at the end of the project. All the responsibilities of a project will be achieved by keeping the priority of responsibilities in mind. All a team members will be given responsibilities according to their capabilities as well as skills.

Chapter 2 Background and Hardware of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Arduino Platform of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Arduino gives a stage to compose and transfer a code. It looks something like as appeared in the correct side. It has two capacities, one is setup and other one is circle. Setup work runs one time at the beginning, and circle work continues running over and again, until the point that a condition to stop is met. It can be noted that it is an open source electronics platform. That is completely based on easy-to-use hardware and software. This is because in that case, there is just need to write code on the software and burn it on the hardware device. It will perform operations according to it. Another thing is that the Arduino boards are able to read inputs, whenever any light is put on the sensor, a finger is placed on the button or anything is happened to the sensor. It will gain the input. But the next thing is that there is need of an Arduino programming language to achieve this goal. This type of programming is completely based on the wiring system and the main Arduino software is working on the processing of the system. In the setup, we characterize sticks, and kind of information/yield which will come/experience them in sensors/actuators. This is the essential standard of utilizing the Arduino as a framework, which has a few sensors and actuators at put. The upper left of the Arduino window has two catches: A checkmark to Verify your code, and a right-confronting bolt to transfer it. 

Arduino Uno Board of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The Arduino UNO is extensively utilizing the microcontroller of the open-source board depends on microcontroller and it is also industrial through the Arduino. The panel is prepared with all of the position of digital and the analog pins of the input and output that is likely to border to the various development board and all of the additional circuits. All of the features of the board are said to be the fourteen Digital pins and also six Analog pins. The Arduino UNO is also said to be a programmed with the Environment of the Integrated Development by means of a category of the cable of the B USB. 

The Arduino Uno borad is considered as one of the most important one in this family. This is because it is the latest one in the family with remarkable features. The best thing about this board is that it is operated through a USB. It is involved in connecting a computer and a Uno board with the help of a USB cable and contain everything so it will become easy to use that board in a proper way. Moreover, one of the best things about this board is that it can easily extended with different shields. The main aim of this shield is to promote specific important features of the Uno board. Due to this it also noted that this board is considered as the best for the new comers. This means that if you are new at the coding and electronics then Arduino UNO board is ideal for you to use. Another thing is that it is also a robust board that will give your required output in an efficient way. One of the most interesting facts about these boards is that it is highly efficient and also quite easy to use for the user. 

It is also said to be powered through the USB cable and also the external battery 9 volt, although it recognize the overall voltages flanked by seven and twenty volts. So we can also say in the case of the Arduino UNO that it is quite comparable to Arduino Nano and also the Leonardo. So in the case of the electrical vehicle of the range extender the overall production files for a number of descriptions of the hardware are obtainable. In the Arduino UNO the meaning of the “Uno" blot the release of the Software of the Arduino.

– Arduino Mega of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The Arduino Mega 2560 is said to be a microcontroller in the case of the electrical vehicle with the range extender the board is also depends on ATmega. There is said to be a MEGA 2560 that is said to be intended for about some of the complex projects. So it is also analyzed in the electrical vehicle With I/O pins 54 digital, 16 inputs analog and a superior room for draft it is the optional plank for the printer’s and the 3D robotics projects. This is also likely to give your scheme abundance of space and chance.

Uses of Arduino Mega of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Arduino Mega can be used to develop stand-alone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP). The Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs. The Mega 2560 R3 works with all existing shields but can adapt to new shields which use these additional pins.

ATmega328 Microcontroller of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

This microcontroller is also known as Advanced Virtual RISC. This is because it is involved in supporting the data up to 8 bits. This microcontroller is more efficient to use in Arduino Uno board. Moreover, the next thing about this controller is that it is containing 32KB internal built in memory for the user. This means that it will become easy for the user to save data. 

The next thing is that these microcontrollers also contain 2KB static random access memory. Due to this it will allow the user to save permanent data in that controller. There are also some of the important features of this controller that is making it different from other devices in the market. The performance rate of this controller is extremely high. This is because it is contain two types of random access memories. Another feature is that it is consisted of an advanced RISC architecture that contains complete room for increasing efficiency of the controller. One of the best feature of this microcontroller is that is consumes quite low power. It also contains a separate oscillator with real time counter. There are about 6 PWM pins located in the controller. It also contains a programming lock in the microcontroller for ideal software security. 

This microcontroller is also providing the throughput value for about 20 MIPS. These types of controllers are mostly used in Arduino. The IC of a ATmega328 microcontroller is consisted of a 8-bit and also contains 28 pins that are manufactured by the Microchip. The flash type memory of this microcontroller is about 32KB. When there is requirement of AC to DC conversion there are about 8 pins that are started from the Port A pin number 0-7. There are about 3 main built in timers present in this microcontroller. From them there are about 2 8-bit timers are present and only one 16-bit timer. It can be observed that it is known as the heart of the Arduino UNO board. The operating voltages of this microcontroller is about 3.5 to 5.5 volts, normally it is operated on 5 volts only. This controller is mostly used in different embedded system applications (Ibrahim, , 2010). 

DSM501 Optical dust sensor of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The indoor dust particles that are airborne and pollens from flowers and other plants are detected by DSM501 series. This series is ideal to use in IAQ monitor or the air cleaner stand alone. For the various factors like controlling fan speed or ventilation or for displaying the number of particles, μ-com id connected directly to PWM output of the sensor.to get use of the applications like smoke or fire alarm is restricted in this system and also the particles of minimum size of 0.7 micrometer is detectable. The particle counter principle is used as a foundation which identifies the exact number of particles per unit volume. The air quality is judged by measuring particles of dust or air particles in it by optical dust sensor. The corresponding cable gives the supply for this particular sensor.

DSM501 use the optical sensing method to detect the particles of dust in air. In this device the photo sensor and IR light emitting diode (IR LED) are optically arranged. The dust particles in air give the photo sensor the advantage to detect the infrared light. The small particles such as smoke of cigarette can be easily detected by SMART dust sensor. It distinguish the small particles of dust from large dust particles in house by signal output pulse pattern (Robu.in, 2020)

Light emitting diode lamp, Detector, Signal amplifier circuit, Output drive circuit, Output drive circuit, Heater  (Publiclab.org, 2020)

DSM501A Dust Sensor Module Features: 

Output of PWM, Installation is very Easy, Single power supply, Lightweight   and Compact size 

DSM501A Dust Sensor Module Application: 

 Ventilator, Air conditioner, Air quality monitor, Air cleaner or Air purifier

Dust Alert of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The new DUST ALARM 40 is a compact Continuous Filter Dust Monitor comprising a sensor and control unit, ideally suited for filter monitoring to ensure correct, expected filter performance. The clear, simple, icon-driven menu provides users with a language-free setup and system overview. Utilizing PCME’s patented Electrodynamics technology ensures accurate, reliable monitoring. The DUST ALARM 40 is reliable, cost-effective instrument for the continuous monitoring of broken bags in Fabric Filter Baghouses.

Actuator of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The devices that let something to more or work is called as actuator. Actuator use some energy and apply it in moving something. The part of a machine that is responsible for its movement and control mechanism is known as actuator. If simply saying it is a mover that can help in moving or opening a valve. Signal for controlling and energy source is all that is required by actuator. The actuator changes the electrical energy into mechanical energy after getting a signal from controller. The control system act on the environment by the mechanism of actuator. The control system can be software based (robotic), a human, or can be some electronic or mechanical system.

Linear Actuator of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Linear actuator work only by moving something in a linear direction or a straight line. To move the loads or the components or some assembly in a straight direction, linear actuators are in use. The basic structure of a pneumatic linear actuators is a piston inside a cylinder. Some external source gives the pressure to move the piston in cylinder. By removing the air pressure. In double acting, air pressure is used to produce a force in both retracting and extending directions. More air is consumed in double acting cylinders than single acting cylinder. Single acting cylinder is simple designed configuration and need less piping and valves. The workings of spring become in consistent oner time in single acting cylinder.(Popovic, et al , 2019). 

HEPA air filter of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

High Efficiency Particulate Air filters contain many layered netting structures made up of fine fiberglass threads. They capture different sized particles. The thread use in layering is much thinner than a human hair. The filter consists of dense sheet of small fibers pleated and is airtight. It seals in plastic or metal frame. The particles get capture inside by incoming air. The air purifier’s fan draws the air in. particles larger than fiber is captured by impaction, crashed in fiber. Interception is technique of capturing mid-sized particles (particles get in touch with fiber and get captured), and diffusion is technique in HEPA filter to capture the ultra-fine particles (Chris , 2019).

Certain levels of efficiency are requiring to meet the standard of HEPA filters in choice of filter meeting.  At least 99.97% (ASME, U.S DOE) or 99.95% (European standard) particles with the diameter of about 0.3 micro meter must get removed from the HEPA filter in order to gain the common standard. See the Mechanism and Specifications sections for more information. HEPA was commercialized in the 1950s, and the original term became a registered trademark and later a generic term for highly efficient filters. The applications that require contamination control, like preparation of disc drives, semiconductor, products of food nuclear, pharmaceutical, medical devices etc. all use the HEPA filters (Sarah , 2014)

How do HEPA filters work?

The air particles get trapped in complex network of fibers in HEPA filters. This can work in 4 different ways but it also depends on the size of the particle; sieving, inertial impaction, interception, diffusion. Larger particles are captured via sieving and inertial impaction. The particles get capture maybe while traveling though the fiber or by colliding the fiber accidently. Medium sized particles while moving through the layer of fibers get trapped by interception. Smaller particles distort as they travel by the filter and collide with fiber and get captured (ROTHMAN, 2020).

Mechanisms of HEPA 

Layer of randomly arranger fibers make up a HEPA filter. The fibers are composed of fiber glass and have diameter between 0.5 and 2.0 micrometers. Main factors that affect the function are thickness of the fiber, face velocity and size of the fiber. The air space should be greater than 0.3 micrometer in HEPA filters. The myth that HEPA filters allow the particle smaller in size than the opening of the filter to pass through is incorrect and is not even practical. HEPA filters are designed to trap the much smaller particles and pollutants, unlike the membrane filters at this pore size. Combinations of the following three processes help in trapping the particles or they can stick to the fiber.

Diffusion of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

This mechanism is dominant at lower air flow. This mechanism enhances the probability of particles to get trap through interception or impaction. The way of this mechanism is same as Brownian motion. Small particles collide with gas molecules, especially those particles below 0.1 micrometer diameter. Therefore, they are delayed in their path through the filter.

Interception of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The particles which are in line of flow during their path in air stream combine in a single radius of the fiber and trap to it.

Impaction of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Larger particles are forced to trap in the fiber are totally unable to move through it following the wavy contours of the air stream, this mechanism increase with decreasing separation of fiber and large velocity of the air flow. Below the particle size of 01 micro meter, the diffusion process predominates. But above 0.4 micro meter, impaction and interception predominate. Both diffusion and interception are totally inefficient between the range of particle size 0.21 micro meter (MPPS). In filter’s performance this is the weakest point, the HEPA specifications use the retention of particles near this size (0.3 μm) to classify the filter. Particles smaller than MPPS do not have efficiency to filter that than of MPPS. These particles behave like nucleation sites for many condensations.

Chapter 3: System design  of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Microcontroller unit of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Arduino Uno is the microcontroller unit which is based on an ATmega328. 

These two circuits are about the Arduino.  The below figure is about the Arduino ATmega328 image and the figure 8 its PinOut description of Arduino ATmega328.Therefore Uno means is the Italian which marks a upcoming release of Arduino 1.0, and it also has the 14 digital output/inputs pins, 6 analog inputs and the A16 MHz ceramic resonator (Goel, 2018). 

Figure: Arduino ATmega328 image

Actuator unit of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Design of Actuator in the dust protection is shown as below; 

Figure : Design of actuator 

Fan with filter of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

The HEPA fan is used with the filter and the structural design of HEPA is shown as below (Xu,, 2014); the ideal HEPA filter with the isolator is shown for the flow state in the outlet and inlet passage; 

v_1≈v_o (1-x/L)

v_2≈v_o  x/L

Relays of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

An electromagnetic switch worked through small electric current that have the ability to turn off and on the larger electrical current is known as Relay. Electromagnet is a coil made up of wire that can become a magnet for a time being when current passes through it. This electromagnet is the heart of a relay.it can be supposed as electric lever, if its switch is turned on, it turns on other switches or leverages which in turn can use much bigger current. But how this kind of lever is useful? Relays work as a temporary protection and also to switch devices in many control processes and equipment. The relays work is responding to electrical quantities like current and voltage in a way that they open and close the gaps of circuits. Relay works to isolate of to change the condition of circuit from one state to the other (john, 2018).  

References of Arduino Dust dedication warning system

Chris , W. (2019, June 2). HEPA filters. Retrieved from https://www.explainthatstuff.com/hepafilters.html

Dahoud, A. A., & Mohamed Fezari, T. A.-R. (2014). "Improving monitoring and fault detection of solar panels using arduino mega in WSN. In Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics,.

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GANNON , M. (2019, June 14). Pneumatic actuator control options. Retrieved from https://www.pneumatictips.com/pneumatic-actuator-control-options/

Goel, A. (2018, March 17). Arduino (ATmega328/p) Architecture Explained. Retrieved from https://engineering.eckovation.com/arduino-architecture-explained/

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Jangid, S., & sharma, S. (2018). Allergic patient cntered air quality monitoring embedded system model . IEEE .

john. (2018, August 14). Working of Relays. Retrieved from http://www.circuitstoday.com/working-of-relays

Kundu, S., & Acharya, U. S. (2019). Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Communication Devices and Computing. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 602.

Md. Asraful Islam, T. I. (2014). Implementation of Flash Flood Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network in Bangladesh. 3rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATICS, ELECTRONICS & VISION.

Mokhloss I. Khadem, G. S. (2012). Wireless Measurement Node for Dust Sensor Integration. SENSORCOMM 2012 : The Sixth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications.

Muhammad Ikhwan Hanif bin Ismail, *. M. (2017). IoT Implementation for Indoor Vertical Farming Watering System. IEEE.

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Popovic, et al , M. (2019). Actuators. Biomechatronics, 45–79.

Publiclab.org. (2020). DSM501A_Dust_Sensor. Retrieved from https://publiclab.org/system/images/photos/000/003/726/original/tmp_DSM501A_Dust_Sensor630081629.pdf

Robu.in. (2020). DSM501A PM2.5 Dust Sensor Module for Arduino, Air-Conditioners. Retrieved from https://robu.in/product/dsm501a-pm2-5-dust-sensor-module-for-arduino-air-conditioners/

ROTHMAN, R. (2020, march 16). Do Air Purifiers Actually Work? Retrieved from https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/appliances/air-purifier-reviews/a25252001/do-air-purifiers-work/

Sarah . (2014, March 25). HEPA Filters: What They Are & How They Work. Retrieved from https://learn.allergyandair.com/hepa-filters/

sharma, M., & kumar, A. (2017). I2P air purifier with air quality monitoring device. IEEE international conference .

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