Performance Evaluation of Quadrature Spatial Modulation QSM System Under 3-D Vehicular to Vehicular V2V Wireless Channel

Problem Statement of Performance Evaluation of Quadrature Spatial Modulation QSM System Under 3-D Vehicular to Vehicular V2V Wireless Channel

MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technologies have been used widely over the recent decades for increasing spectral efficiency and obtaining high rates of data [1]. But the present technologies of MIMO face different issues including high system complication, bound spectral efficiency, and ICI and inter-channel interference [2]. SM (Spatial Modulation) is another technology of MIMO which has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years because of its understandable complexity and optimization of spectral efficiency [2], [3]. The fundamental concept of spatial modulation is that a single antenna is working at one instant. This antenna's index starts to serve as a resource for accumulating and carrying information. Utilizing this extra aspect, spatial modulation can attain modulation schemes of comparatively low-order and high spectral efficiency [2].

QSM (Quadrature Spatial Modulation) is another technique of MIMO that been presented recently for further improving SM's spectral efficiency [4] while maintaining all inherent advantages of SM. In a system of QSM, the symbol of complex data is in the QSM system, the complex data symbol is decomposed into imaginary and real parts where an active index is modulated by each part. Therefore, in comparison with SM, an addition of log2 (Nt)-bits can be sent. In this expression, the number of transmitting antennas is denoted by Nt. It has also been indicated that SM is outperformed by QSM for a similar spectral efficiency while maintaining the same receiver complexity [4].

V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) communication has gotten a lot of attention in the past few years [5]. The prime objective of this process is to introduce new methods of vehicle communication with the reduced potential risk of driving, improvement in the safety index of the drivers and some of the action is complimentary for the response interval of drivers in case of an accident.

Therefore, it can be considered as an effective method for the safety of passengers and drivers along with the other concerns for the smooth driving process in these urban areas. One of the biggest challenges in this process is the effect on the safety of passenger due to use of V2V method of communication and it serves a profound impact on the environment that is highly related to the fast movement methods for the receiver and the transmitter of communication.

Both the designing and the testing of the V2V communication technologies are highly related to the channel models and this process improves the propagation characteristics of different V2V communication environments [6]. In another research [7], a novel 3-D V2V geometry-based stochastic channel model (GBSM) has been proposed, the model was the first 3D model and it works with the most effective and accurate methods for the capturing of all the types of vehicular traffic density (VTD) through the special channel.

In this method, the vehicle is equipped with multiple antennas and uses MIMO technologies. The other QSM technologies are widely used in the V2V communication method that improves the safety of the device in the communication process. Some of the other features are ad hoc peer-to-peer networks and the significant method for safety is the intelligent transportation systems [6[. In the present Research, the proposed research model is used for the analysis of the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance for the specific QSM systems that work effectively under the novel 3-D Vehicle-to-Vehicle Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (3d-V2V-MIMO) channel. The research will include experimental and simulation work. Besides that we will investigate the impact of the Doppler effect on the vehicle traffic density (VTD), V2V MIMO channel models on the BER performance especially for 3-D and 2-D models and thoroughly investigated processes.

The importance of the research Performance Evaluation of Quadrature Spatial Modulation QSM System Under 3-D Vehicular to Vehicular V2V Wireless Channel

According to the research statement related to the 5G system, the typical 5G system selected in the process for the Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) scenario is considered to have analysis about the research trends in the Device to Device (D2D) communication process in the 5G system. The research motivates to have an analysis of performance along with the BER for the selected QSM. The typical scenario used in the accurate channel model provides complete support for the solid theoretical process used in the analysis of BER performance in the selected SM system under the 5G scenario. According to our best knowledge, there is no relevant study on this process that is under the QSM systems [8].

The realistic approach is used in the process for the channel models, especially for the 3D V2V MIMO channel models. This model works for the different settings of the system and the VTD scenarios.

Objectives of Performance Evaluation of Quadrature Spatial Modulation QSM System Under 3-D Vehicular to Vehicular V2V Wireless Channel

Besides the research statement, some other objectives of the research are summarized below:

• Firstly, to analyze the tightly closed form with the upper bound conditions for the theoretical condition of the BER for the QSM systems. The whole process will consider a novel 3D narrowband with the V2V GBSM model.
• Secondly, the research will consider the impact of different types of realistic issues and these conditions will use some realistic issues related to the VTD scenarios, vehicle speed for the Doppler shift, BER performance for the QSM system, and the statistic properties of the channel. And the system will be investigated thoroughly.
• Thirdly, the research will compare all the conditions and parameters for the BER performance related to the QSM systems. The system conditions are analyzed on the basis of other MIMO technologies under the spatial diversity along with the spatial multiplexing and the model is highly realistic under the 3-D V2V channel model.

Literature Review of Performance Evaluation of Quadrature Spatial Modulation QSM System Under 3-D Vehicular to Vehicular V2V Wireless Channel

The QSM system can be used for the measurable Bit Error Rate (BER) performance and the main investigation is related to the F2M channels that include Rician, Rayleigh, and the Nakagami fading channels [2; 9; 10].

In previous research [11] some of the authors also investigated different factors that are correlated with the MIMO channels about the performance related to different conditions and parameters of the spatial modulation techniques. These conditions and parameters include QSM, SM, and other generalized QSM (GQSM) transmission schemes. All the conditions are further correlated with the 2D MIMO models for the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V).

In another research [12], the researchers investigated the factors and function for the BER performance related to the SM systems and the research was over V2V channel models in 2D conditions. The research also included theoretical analysis and some simulations. There are some other different propagation characteristics for the working conditions and parameters and these parameters include antenna element spacing, Tx-Rx distance, maximum Doppler frequency, certain correlation properties of all types of V2V channels and BER performance that was based on the related SM systems. The system was analyzed under all the conditions and parameters.

The BER performance and its parameters were analyzed in another research [13], the researchers investigated all the BER performance parameter about the spatial modulation (SM) systems under certain conditions of 3-D V2V MIMO channel model. The research used theoretical work along with some types of simulations. The conditions and parameters used in the analysis identified the vehicle traffic density, 2D and 3D channel models of V2V MIMO, Doppler effect, and BER performance conditions under the MIMO technologies. The research also analyzed the correlation between system complexity and spectral efficiency. 

According to our best knowledge, there is a research gap between the related study about the performance of the QSM system. The conditions used in the research will be related to the performance and realistic MIMO channel models of 3D V2V MIMO channel.  The present research will identify the reasons and process that can fulfill the research gap. The investigation used in the dissertation will be related to the BER performance about the QSM system and the research will use some 3D V2V MIMO channel models that will be related to the system settings and the VTD scenarios used in the research [7].

Methodology

The main aim of the present research is to investigate the performance of QSM system under some of the accurate conditions of 3D V2V MIMO channel. The research condition follows different steps related to the objectives of the research and these objectives are listed below

1. Identification of research gaps through Literature Review. The literature review will be related to the QSM systems and the 3D channels for the different system models and the parameters.

2.    Identification of the system design conditions on the basis of mathematical modeling. The model is based on the assumptions and previous models. The new design will formulate tightly closed-form upper bound condition for some of the theoretical averages (BER)(ABER).

3. Implementation of the MATLAB model through the MATLAB Simulation Software. In this proposed approach the model will be considered for the implementation and the analysis. The conditions will be related to the different channel and VTD scenarios.

4. The whole process for the system performance evaluation will include the theoretical results and simulation results and the whole process will evaluate all the system proposed under the compared situations. the BER conditions will consider all the signal to noise ratio (SNR) under some of the evaluation criteria. The simulation process will be under different system parameters and processes.
   

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References of Performance Evaluation of Quadrature Spatial Modulation QSM System Under 3-D Vehicular to Vehicular V2V Wireless Channel

1.    A. Shaikh and M. J. Kaur, "Comprehensive Survey of Massive MIMO for 5G Communications," 2019 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2019,

2.    R. Mesleh, H. Haas, S. Sinanovic, C. W. Ahn, and S. Yun, “Spatial modulation,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2228–2241, Jul. 2008.

3.    M. D. Renzo, H. Haas, A. Ghrayeb, S. Sugiura, and L. Hanzo, “Spatial modulation for generalized MIMO: Challenges, opportunities, and implementation‏, "Proc. IEEE., vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 56–103, Jan. 2014.

4.    R. Mesleh, S. S. Ikki and H. M. Aggoune, "Quadrature Spatial Modulation," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 2738-2742, June 2015.

5.    C.-X. Wang, X. Cheng, and D. I. Laurenson, “Vehicle-to-vehicle channel modeling and measurements: Recent advances and future challenges,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 96–103, Nov. 2009.

6.    X. Cheng et al., “Wideband channel modeling and ICI cancellation for vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 434–448, Sep. 2013.

7.    Y. Yuan, C.-X. Wang, X. Cheng, B. Ai, and D. I. Laurenson, “Novel 3-D geometry-based stochastic models for non-isotropic MIMO vehicle-to vehicle channels,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 298–309, Jan. 2014

8.    Liu, G.; Jiang, D. 5G: Vision and Requirements for Mobile Communication System towards the Year 2020. Chin. J. Eng. 2016,

9.    M. M. Alwakeel, ‘‘Quadrature spatial modulation performance analysis over Rician fading channels,’’ J. Commun., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 249–254, 2016

10. A. Younis, R. Mesleh, and H. Haas, “Quadrature spatial modulation performance over Nakagami-m fading channels,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1, Sep. 2015.

11. J. Cortez, C. A. Gutiérrez, F. R. Castillo-Soria, J. M. Luna-Rivera, F. M. Maciel-Barboza and E. Ruiz, "Performance Evaluation of Spatial Modulation Techniques in Correlated MIMO V2V Channels," 2018 IEEE Colombian Conference on Communications and Computing (COLCOM), Medellin, 2018, pp. 1-6.

12. Y. Fu et al., "BER Performance of Spatial Modulation Systems Under 3-D V2V MIMO Channel Models," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 5725-5730, July 2016.

13. Y. Fu et al., "BER Performance of Spatial Modulation Systems Under 3-D V2V MIMO Channel Models," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 5725-5730, July 2016.