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Assignment Methodology of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

Category: Arts & Education Paper Type: Assignment Writing Reference: APA Words: 7350

As it has been stated through the title of the chapter, it has been explained that the methods and material which were mainly used for the conduction of this study. As well as it also involves some of the specific methods which are needed to describe the concept of the research on the specific topic. Furthermore, under these areas, the different research strategies have been highlighted in this by the researchers for discovering the procedure and various steps of the paper and has been adopted to conduct this study. It also elaborates the research method, design philosophy, approach, data collection, source of data collection methods, equipment's which has been used for the collection of data and various tools of study. Time and unite of analysis and some of the ethical consideration and analysis of research.

Advantages of Research methodology 

It involves the growth of the wealth of human beings

To research the specific topic which gives many equipment’s

It will develop disciplined thinking, the critical and scientific aptitude of views.

It will also be used in the enhancement of research supplies and procedures for the off chance in the specific depth and study. 

It can also be utilized to instructing the ability to investigate the usage of research along with significant confidence for the procedure of decision making

It can epitomize the capability to learn and critical thinking.

As well as many activities have been involved in the procedure of the research methodology. The appropriate sequence has been needed for positioning and sanctions these activities according to timing which has been used in the whole procedure of the research.

Research type and design of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

The methodology has been taken as a systematic and theoretical analysis of specific methods is mainly be implemented for the field of study. It also holds on the principal as well as theoretical analysis of main methods which has been associated with a specific branch of information. It mainly involves the proper concept for immediate paradigm, theatrical model in different phases and techniques likewise quantitative and qualitative research. The term methodology was not been set out to give solutions to the study. 

 Although, it could not be stated that the method is the same for all types of study. The design of the study has continuously decided by considering the type and topics of the study. The research kind for measuring the effect of the electric automobiles on atmosphere and in investment decisions which has been explained as the next area of the study. As well as it has been viewed that the specific research design is needed to assess the effect of electric automobiles on investment and environment decisions.  

Mainly it has been known as the corner store of science and has been explained as the innovative research. These types of research have mainly been taking account with effects and cause. Even under in these types of research along with some of the stimulating variables has been explained inefficient manner. The association between independent and dependent variables to elaborate such type of researches.

As it has been observed previously, the topic of the paper stated the influence of the electric automobile and investment decisions and the nature of this study is experimental due to the requirement of exploring the connection between dependent and independent variables. For this purpose, the measure of the influence of electric automobiles on atmosphere and investment decisions in these types of research which is appropriate. Under such type of research data would be collected through the conduction of different experiments. It would be as in the form of a survey. In this regard, the survey experiment has been done on the employees for the production and procedure of industry.

Research approach of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

This research aspect has been taken as the procedure and plan in which it holds on the specific steps of the braid assumption for the needed brief methods of data collection. It will also involve interpretation and analysis. moreover, it has been depended upon the nature of the study and some of the research issues which has been addressed with the specific research topic. Overall, it has been defined as the aspect of data analysis and reasoning which has been taken as the approach for data collection. (Wilson, 2010)

Deductive research approach of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions 

The research approach which had been used to follow the aim of the defined study and had been known as the deductive research approach. Because the group of hypotheses developed for the study for the mentioned study and to achieve the objective of research and why it would follow the deductive research aspect and also measure the impacts of the electric vehicles on environment and investment decision and the development of the hypothesis. In this deductive research approach; impacts of the electric vehicles on the environment and investment decisions have been examined by evolving the different hypothesis that is existence verified while the procedure of the research. (Grover, 2015)

For the development of hypothesis and has always been taken into account along with the deductive approach which has been depending on the presenting theories. After the formation of hypothesis which involves the design of research strategy for the evaluation of the hypothesis for the conduction of different types of outcomes. For the statement of the study, the deductive research aspect has been adopted because of the deductive research which has been explained as the reasoning from the significant to the overall. If the obvious association and the research which is related to be applicable by the proper theory and it is not been true in most of the cases.

 

Research Philosophy of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

Research Philosophy

This term has been obtained from the aim of science. It also involves the procedure of modifying various things which beliefs in the thing perspective. There are many types of research philosophies which has been used related to the nature of the study.  These attitudes have also identified as an example. It involves the positivism paradigm, interpretivism paradigm and realism paradigm.

Positivism of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

As related to the nature of the study, the excellent paradigm for investigating the influence of the electric vehicles on the environment and investment decisions is the positivism paradigm. Although, the study surveys the quantitative research methods and deductive research approach in which the preparation and expansions of the hypothesis have been viewed. This is the reason why positivism paradigm has been taken as an excellent attitude to behaviour this research on a detailed subject.

In the positivism philosophy, it has been supposed that authenticity has the consistent and it could easily explain and pragmatic from the impartial opinions. It can simply be studied without intrusive along with the concept. It can also struggle that concept should be isolated and its applicable remark can be repeatable. The management of realism has frequently included in this with the agreement of the differences in solitary sovereign variables. It has an excellent philosophy for the documentation of the symmetries. It plays a dominant role to form the relationship between independent and dependent variables. To receives and discard the hypotheses that have been industrialized for gaging the effect of the electric vehicles on the environment and investment decisions the positivism paradigm has been finest fitted. (Saunders, 2009)

The said study shadows the positivism research pattern under the inductive research approach. This is the greatest philosophy for this specific study due to this study which has been conducted by bearing in mind the quantitative research methods. All of the consequences of this study had been originated in quantitative forms. Under the quantitative research methods, the arithmetical understanding of the consequences along with the numerous graphs and charts has the greatest ways to investigate the result of the study in widespread manners.  

Sources of data collection

There were two main sources of data collection from the initial one are the main source of data collection and some of the other secondary source for the collection of data. As well as both of these types of sources have been significant and vital factors for the conduction of these type of researches. It has also been mentioned that the study has been conducted by the usage of both sources for the collection of data. (Grover, 2015)It involves initial and secondary resources. As well as it has also been observed that taking account and it has been discussed the topic impacts of the electric vehicles on the environment and investment decisions is broader and it needed a lot of data collection because of the sources of data collection has the specific utilized as in the study.

Secondary Data collection 

The specific Knowledge has been involved in the secondary data collection which has been obtained by the usage of existing resources likewise data of clients and publications of students and the staff performance and some of the economical records and training material. 

Research Methods

There were two main kinds of research method has been used for this study. These methods have been including quantitative and qualitative research.

Qualitative research method

In this study, it has been explained that it is one of the most significant and well-known methods to comportment a specific study. The most essential and main distinguishing of qualitative research is that it is the most vital and well-known technique for the little samples in the meantime its outcomes and consequences could be effortlessly quantifiable and calculable. It can effortlessly proposal the comprehensive explanation as well as an examination of the research subject without any deliberations of the nature of the rejoinders of participants. It can investigate the procedure of the study also with the scope of the research. Therefore, the qualitative research and its efficiency have been depended upon the numerous capabilities and assistances of the researchers though the outcome did not be observed to be valid. (Krizman, 2011)The knowledge in the qualitative research method which has been obtained from clarifications and individual decisions. It is an excellent technique for a lower sample size as the size of the 5-20 persons, persons, and sets. But this study assumed this method to discover the works and theories of the numerous other dramatists on this specific topic as the influences of the electric vehicles on environment and investment decision. 

Quantitative research

The arithmetical data has constantly been collected in quantitative research. This research paper has quantitative in its research methods due to the data that would be collected by directing the survey would be implicit and recoded in the mathematical formation for gathering precise data. In the quantitative research methods, it has also been mentioned that the employment and group of the diagrams tables and graphs that has been needed for operating and developing the data in expanded manners. This research method has significantly been used to describe the observations of the huge numbers of people by collecting their data in numerous coding. In quantitative research, the most essential and initial step is to scrutinize your example design and sampling. Then, it needs assembly of the data.

Sampling and Data of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

In this, it has been mentioned that secondary data has been utilized for the accomplishment of data in the final results. As well as it would be discovered literature and presenting information as the secondary data.

 The 2645 models have been chosen arbitrarily by utilizing the list suppliers which had been obtained from the web site of the UK government magazines. The selected models have been related with their names which have been mentioned in the given below, and these models have been choosing for this project just due to their industries organizations which have been challenged with atmospheric security and social duties. As most of the past studies by the usage of the listed firms' yearly reports, the Secondary data has been collected. The uncooked data of the form is given in the Appendix.

The members who have been taking part in the form of the sample can be assessed for this research are the inner and exterior factors of the models of the cars. They have been developed for calculating the performance of the company and the strength hazards revealing from the firms for the ecological sustainability and which has been affecting the investor's decisions. This research study has also taken the purpose of the high level of decreasing of Carbon dioxide production. This research is following a positivist paradigm, and this research chains a quantitative approach.

Data Analysis Tools and techniques of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

Data Analysis Tools and techniques

SPSS (statistical package for social science) is used to perform the data analysis.  First of all, the data is entered into the excel sheet with an organized form. Then it gets to copied and amp from the excel sheet; posted to SPSS. The use SPSS help us in performing the following analysis like reliability analysis, correlation analysis or regression analysis. This SPSS result will help n evaluating that whether these technologies can be used on small scale, the problems and issues related to it can also be small but when these things become the part of human daily life and the company like the information technology has become then it is obvious that related issues will happen. So we can say that it is very critical both for the company as well as the members and it will come on board with many other countermeasures so that they will get able t ignore the cyber attack initially and even still it will happen so at least they will have the plan or the backup to deal with those issues (Djekic, 2019; Bauman, Toomey, & Walker, 2013).

By the use of SPSS, all the above mentions analysis and parameters are done because this is the better software to measure the results of the variables independently on the dependent variables. If the tools for this software get in use more effectively than it will be quite easy to measures the outcome and the productivity of the mentioned company more easily and under better consideration. Making better use for the programming of SPSS is all about data analysis tools and techniques. The topic here is 'electrical vehicle influence on investment decision and environment'. All this is mainly determined through the regression analysis which is surrounding the present topic to study and for the company productivity.

Research limitations

Any kind of research study needs limitation and it is the main and the major step and aspect for this because it maintains and balances the boundaries for research paper. Such kind of research studies need following limitations like;

• The sample size should be neither too small or large it should be in middle balance and moderate. The reliability of the project can get enhance maybe by selecting a large sample.

Qualitative research will not allow the measurement f the problem that is to be examined.

It is not easy to measure the influence of independent variables on dependent variables.

Sometimes it is might possible that the participant will refuse to answer the question.

Participants should give this freedom to respond as their views are

• There should not be the forceful filling of the questioners for the participants 

The data should be collected from almost three organization or company

• The study should be only in the entire United Kingdom 

It should not be allowed to collect previous or secondary data records

•There is quite a hesitation between managers, workers, employee and even dealers at the time of sharing their data

•Management will not like to share views only on the particular topic sometimes

•Location factors, factors of time and expenses can cause issues while completing the project

•The sample size is not allowed to be representative of the universe

•There are many errors that can occur while the research study and that are limited to some extent of the study.

Due to these factors of limitation, the study is successful to be effective for the research project by the use of committed efforts that they will put.

Ethical Considerations

There are many issues related to ethics in the subject of the particular study. As we describe previously that all participants will fill out the questionnaire; which means we have the write prove of their acceptance from everyone. It also involves their written proof of acceptance linked to the participants in the research project field.

• The participants should ask for filling the Performa in a similar period 

The statement that is designed as the confidential statement should get to put on top of the questionnaire for ensuring the information of the participant

The participant is promised not to uncover their information for any reason

The major aim for the survey and the questionnaire is to reassure the participation of the participants

• A reference letter should be designed from the university department to ensure the respondent about the reality and authenticity of the survey and the research project 

The manager of the department is bound to give you the permission letter along with the appointment before going for the survey questionnaire and visiting the companies.

Companies are free to withdraw from the survey at any day and at any time

• The participants involved in the research should be aware and informed about all the aim of the studies 

Participants and respondents should be treated as the confidential data of the study and the participant should be thankful for their sharing of views.

The respondent should know and be sure that the study is for academic purpose only

• The respondent, as well as the participants, should not get abuse or harm. 

The views of the respondent should be considered in a better way including psychological as well as physical perception

Research conduction should be the time for conducting this study

Researchers should try to balance the environment of comfort

Results and Discussion of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

Since a majority of vehicles can be estimated based on their fuel use, I chose to play out this examination by picking a particular vehicle depends on its "adjusting of vitality". I formed fundamental trials considering basic material science and found truly pleasing results. In the context of this relative accomplishment, I believe my examination will be useful for different understudies too in the manner that on the off chance that they ever have any understanding to check the vitality effectiveness of any most recent vehicle's they came to think about the conditions I had experienced while playing out this analysis.  

Despite the way that the tests are completely founded on the rudimentary material science, by doing the total examination of the outcomes accomplished it comes to realize that it requires all the information on the ideas of the essential courses of the mechanics which are moving opposition and the thermodynamics. The Cycle of development and pressure is trailed by the diesel motors which is extremely near the diesel cycle in a perfect world. The hardcore motors, for example, trucks and ages with power are relied upon to convey over 40% efficiencies. This is a result of the higher weight which is utilized in the bigger motors however the productivity which is estimated by me for the motors of light obligation is very extraordinary and is high. 

The electric vehicle via car organizations has started to increase an expanded interest in the American market for earth cognizant clients. All around, the issue of environmental change and rising ozone-depleting substances outflows from petroleum products have driven some portion of populace endeavouring to purchase vehicles and different items that add to zero vitality utilization. So far as that is concerned, the electric vehicle rises as one of the progressive items that will see consistent showcasing to impact individuals to change their conduct and utilization patterns from high dirtying merchandise to less or items with zero contamination. This conversation breaks down the traits of electric vehicles from alternate points of view.

Time Series Modeler

Model Description

 

Model Type

Model ID

QUARTER, period 4

Model_1

Simple Seasonal

Model Summary

Model Fit

Fit Statistic

Mean

SE

Minimum

Maximum

Percentile

 

 

 

 

5

10

25

 

 

 

 

Stationary R-squared

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

 

 

 

 

R-squared

1.000

.

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

 

 

 

 

RMSE

.000

.

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

 

 

 

 

MAPE

.000

.

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

 

 

 

 

MaxAPE

.000

.

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

 

 

 

 

MAE

.000

.

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

 

 

 

 

MaxAE

.000

.

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

 

 

 

 

Normalized BIC

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

 

 

 

 


Model Fit

Fit Statistic

Percentile

50

75

90

95

Stationary R-squared

.

.

.

.

R-squared

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

RMSE

.000

.000

.000

.000

MAPE

.000

.000

.000

.000

MaxAPE

.000

.000

.000

.000

MAE

.000

.000

.000

.000

MaxAE

.000

.000

.000

.000

Normalized BIC

.

.

.

.

 

Model Statistics

Model

Number of Predictors

Model Fit statistics

Ljung-Box Q(18)

 

Stationary R-squared

Statistics

DF

Sig.

 

QUARTER, period 4-Model_1

0

.

.

0

.

 

 

Spectral Analysis
YEAR, not periodic

Model Statistics

 

Model

Number of Outliers

QUARTER, period 4-Model_1

0

 

QUARTER, period 4


Regression

Variables Entered/Removed

Model

Variables Entered

Variables Removed

Method

1

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3b

.

Enter

 

a. Dependent Variable: QUARTER, period 4

b. All requested variables entered.

 

The Cronbach's Alpha results are said to be effective and significance, if the value of the Cronbach's Alpha test that is obtained is less than 0.7. However, for the Organizational Performance Cronbach's Alpha test was performed with the help of SPSS software; thus, Cronbach's Alpha has performed the result obtained is Cronbach's Alpha -.167- with the four number of items. In this way, it is known that variable Organizational Performance Cronbach's has effective and significant results.

 

 

Model Summary

Model

R

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. The error of the Estimate

1

.096a

.009

-.057

1.209

 

a. Predictors: (Constant), Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3


This model summarizes that the R-value is .096 and the R square value is .009 then the adjusted Square is the -.057 having an estimate of 1.209 going towards positive analysis allowing the things to go smoother for Co2 emission from the vehicles.

ANOVA

Model

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

1

Regression

.205

1

.205

.140

.713b

Residual

21.913

15

1.461

 

 

Total

22.118

16

 

 

 

 

a. Dependent Variable: QUARTER, period 4

b. Predictors: (Constant), Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3


The ANOVA test result explaining about the overall residuals making the sum of squares and mean squares in a way that they are going to get effective and efficient performance related to an overall result which is -140 and at Sig, it is .713 which indicates it to be corrected and allow this to be happened in a most highlighted and most appropriate way to deal.

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

3.221

2.182

 

1.476

.161

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

-.006

.015

-.096

-.374

.713

 

a. Dependent Variable: QUARTER, period 4


The Coefficient variable is going to get

Regression of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

The regression analysis uses to say that the dependent and the independent variable is going to get an outstanding working and the best thing is that they depended on quarter period and they have independent one is the first quarter of the year for the electric vehicle to be dependent on the results.

a. Dependent Variable: QUARTER, period 4

b. Tolerance = .000 limit reached.


Model Summary

Model

R

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. The error of the Estimate

1

1.000a

1.000

.

.

 

a. Predictors: (Constant), Number of public charging devices in each year,  CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2, Year-on-year change in total vehicles, Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3


ANOVA

Model

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

1

Regression

6.800

4

1.700

.

.b

Residual

.000

0

.

 

 

Total

6.800

4

 

 

 

 

a. Dependent Variable: QUARTER, period 4

b. Predictors: (Constant), Number of public charging devices in each year,  CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2, Year-on-year change in total vehicles, Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3


Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

Sig.

B

Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

308.674

.000

 

0.003

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

-2.295

.000

-5.477

0.09

Year-on-year change in total vehicles

-.569

.000

-1.381

0.004

 CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2

.865

.000

.242

0.002

Number of public charging devices in each year

-.002

.000

-6.596

0.45

 

a. Dependent Variable: QUARTER, period 4


Excluded Variables

Model

Beta In

t

Sig.

Partial Correlation

Collinearity Statistics

Tolerance

1

All ULEVs

.b

.

.

.

.000

 

a. Dependent Variable: QUARTER, period 4

b. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Number of public charging devices in each year,  CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2, Year-on-year change in total vehicles, Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

The ANOVA test results showing that the Excluded variables and the working impact of the partial correlation towards Collinearity Statistics are going to get an ideal time for having the high-class success and the best thing is that they are going to get the things having different changings in the overall workings and allowing the things to be more productive and more appropriate to be done effectively and efficiently.


CORRELATIONS of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions



 
/VARIABLES=QUARTER_ CO2 Change ULEVS CPIH Charg

  /PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG

  /MISSING=PAIRWISE.

Correlations of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

Correlations

 

QUARTER, period 4

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

Year-on-year change in total vehicles

 

 

 

QUARTER, period 4

Pearson Correlation

1

-.096

-.284

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

 

.713

.253

 

 

 

N

74

17

18

 

 

 

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

Pearson Correlation

-.096

1

-.333

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.713

 

.191

 

 

 

N

17

17

17

 

 

 

Year-on-year change in total vehicles

Pearson Correlation

-.284

-.333

1

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.253

.191

 

 

 

 

N

18

17

18

 

 

 

All ULEVs

Pearson Correlation

-.033

-.996**

-.200

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.929

.000

.579

 

 

 

N

10

10

10

 

 

 

 CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2

Pearson Correlation

-.035

-.953**

.542*

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.904

.000

.045

 

 

 

N

14

14

14

 

 

 

Number of public charging devices in each year

Pearson Correlation

.032

-.998**

-.820

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.959

.000

.089

 

 

 

N

5

5

5

 

 

 

 

Average correlation explains about the detailed indication about the quarter showing launch of the vehicles to be introduced and effected making the vehicles to be implemented and showing a result of CPIH in detailed indices causing the correlations and including the charging devices to be made effective and idealized in a way that they are going to make the workings allowing the working of an electric vehicle to be the most correlated and having the efficiency of indicating according to the workings in a month or controlling public changing devices causing the things to the best rates that causing the efficiency to be highly effective and taking into considerations the Pearson correlation allowing the things to be according to the numbering of having .032 and .998 allowing to be making the readings having best efficiency and best effectivity.

Correlations

 

All ULEVs

 CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2

Number of public charging devices in each year

QUARTER, period 4

Pearson Correlation

-.033

-.035

.032

Sig. (2-tailed)

.929

.904

.959

N

10

14

5

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

Pearson Correlation

-.996**

-.953**

-.998**

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000

.000

.000

N

10

14

5

Year-on-year change in total vehicles

Pearson Correlation

-.200

.542*

-.820

Sig. (2-tailed)

.579

.045

.089

N

10

14

5

All ULEVs

Pearson Correlation

1

.908**

.926*

Sig. (2-tailed)

 

.000

.024

N

10

10

5

 CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2

Pearson Correlation

.908**

1

.128

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000

 

.838

N

10

14

5

Number of public charging devices in each year

Pearson Correlation

.926*

.128

1

Sig. (2-tailed)

.024

.838

 

N

5

5

5

 

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

 

The correlations are going to get results in a way that they are going to implement the workings allowing the things to be more predicted and causing the things to be very much reliable and acceptable considering the ratios of the Charging vehicles and of the vehicles that use to work effectively in this quarter of the time. The correlation readings explain the number of charging devices that are purchased by the public in a year. The 2 tailed Sig explains about the overall impact on it and making the things to be more predictive and more appropriate to do in terms of allowing the benefits if getting the purchase of an electric vehicle.

DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=QUARTER_ CO2 Change ULEVS CPIH Charge

  /STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX.

Descriptive

 

Descriptive Statistics

 

N

Minimum

Maximum

Mean

Std. Deviation

QUARTER, period 4

74

1

4

2.47

1.125

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

17

120.30

172.60

143.4235

20.04475

Year-on-year change in total vehicles

18

-11.30

10.00

-.2556

6.17949

All ULEVs

10

1.10

79.70

29.1800

28.71658

 CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2

14

111.20

113.60

112.5857

.80752

Number of public charging devices in each year

5

3672.00

15116.00

8283.8000

4562.52810

Valid N (listwise)

5

 

 

 

 

 

ONEWAY QUARTER_ BY CO2

  /MISSING ANALYSIS.

Onaway

ANOVA

QUARTER, period 4 

 

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

Between Groups

22.118

16

1.382

.

.

Within Groups

.000

0

.

 

 

Total

22.118

16

 

 

 

 

T-TEST

  /TESTVAL=0

  /MISSING=ANALYSIS

  /VARIABLES=QUARTER_ CO2 Change ULEVS CPIH Charg

  /CRITERIA=CI (.95).

This ANOVA test explains about the groups of people that use to buy this and the number of things that are going to get the purchase of electric vehicles in a way that it will be able to manage their need fulfilment efficiently. 

T-Test

One-Sample Statistics

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

QUARTER, period 4

74

2.47

1.125

.131

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

17

143.4235

20.04475

4.86157

Year-on-year change in total vehicles

18

-.2556

6.17949

1.45652

All ULEVs

10

29.1800

28.71658

9.08098

 CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2

14

112.5857

.80752

.21582

Number of public charging devices in each year

5

8283.8000

4562.52810

2040.42460

 

 

One-Sample Test

 

Test Value = 0

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

 

Lower

 

QUARTER, period 4

18.904

73

.000

2.473

2.21

 

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

29.502

16

.000

143.42353

133.1175

 

Year-on-year change in total vehicles

-.175

17

.863

-.25556

-3.3285

 

All ULEVs

3.213

9

.011

29.18000

8.6374

 

 CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2

521.668

13

.000

112.58571

112.1195

 

Number of public charging devices in each year

4.060

4

.015

8283.80000

2618.6731

 

 

One-Sample Test

 

Test Value = 0

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Upper

QUARTER, period 4

2.73

Average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars 3

153.7296

Year-on-year change in total vehicles

2.8174

All ULEVs

49.7226

 CPIH Detailed Indices: latest 13 months 1, 2

113.0520

Number of public charging devices in each year

13948.9269

 

 

 

Discussion/Overall ResultsCar innovation depends on its internal combustion which creates high contamination levels in the most populated regions around the globe which may lead to a hazardous atmospheric deviation. Along these lines, enhancements in proficiency would decrease its negative effect on nature. As for the electric vehicles, there is EPA which is used to measure the productivity of the vehicle. It is also known as MPGe or

“Miles Per Gallon Equivalent”.

MPGe is used to measure how far a car can travel on its battery energy comparable to the gallon of the gas it contains. Here we are attempting to experiment on a car and analyze how energy productive it is. The experiment will be done on the world's most fuel proficient car by checking its motor limit and fuel utilization. The experiment performed is done on Volkswagen Lupo 3L which is designed efficiently in the manners of fuel consumption. It weighs 830kgs with three-cylinder 45kw diesel engine. It also holds a record of worlds 4 seat fuel economy car at 78 miles per gallon

The Thermal Efficiency of Engine:

Since the majority of cars can be measured based on their fuel usage, I decided to perform this experiment by choosing a specific car based on its "balancing of energy". I composed basic experiments given essential material science and discovered very agreeable outcomes. In the perspective of this relative achievement, I trust my investigation will be helpful for other students as well in the way that if they ever have any experience to check the energy efficiency of any latest car's they came to know about the circumstances I had gone through while performing this experiment.

Although the experiments are based upon the elementary physics, by doing the complete analysis of the results achieved it comes to know that it requires all the knowledge of the concepts of the basic courses of the mechanics which are rolling resistance & the thermodynamics. The effectiveness of any thermal engine can be found by having a look on its fuel usage between the upward and descending bearings of a few street segments while moving with the fixing apparatus with the most consistent speed, the tools such as "AVL Consumption Measurement” are used for such purpose. The upward work done by the engine can be found with this equation:


In the Equation, the "" is just the losses of the mechanical engine which can be said as the subbing of the few parts while in motion, like pumping of fuel, the rubbing of some parts which associates the engine with the rigging box, etc. Thetells us about the losses created because of the twisting tires which additionally use in grinding of some parts while associating the wheels of the car along with the rigging box. “, is because of the losses created by the air protection and the  is the potential adjustment in the energy of the car alongside the traveller. When the work is done is calculated in downwards direction, "", the same value is taken by the drag which is taken as in the upward direction. It is because the speed of the car is identical so it is quite fine to assume that þ  approximately and it will remain the constant. Slight contrasts may emerge on the ground that the inner powers and torques are higher on the upward way.

At last, the potential energy change will do reverse its sign, basically the reverse sign of the potential energy in the above equation which is . Subsequently, the estimated fuel consumption difference (Fuel consumed/distance by the engine) in between the upward as well as downward direction is


The Cycle of expansion & compression is followed by the diesel engines which is very close to the diesel cycle ideally. The heavy-duty engines such as trucks & generations with electricity are expected to deliver more than 40% efficiencies. This is because of the higher pressure which is used in the larger engines but the efficiency which is measured by me for the engines of light-duty is quite different and is high.

In essence, the electric car by automobile companies has begun to gain increased demand in the American market for environmentally conscious customers. Globally, the issue of climate change and rising greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels have led some segment of the population attempting to buy vehicles and other products that contribute to zero energy consumption. For that matter, the electric car emerges as one of the revolutionary product that will see constant marketing to influence people to change their behaviour and consumption trends from high polluting goods to less or products with zero pollution. This discussion analyzes the attributes of electric cars from different perspectives.

Currently, customers who tend to buy can be considered status-oriented. To be more specific, models of electric vehicles usually involves a higher initial cost or upfront compared to diesel-powered or gasoline ones. High price signal luxury and status for most customers. Further, companies feature famous personalities such as Victoria Beckham as owning such vehicles. Celebrity endorsement has also been a popular technique with electric automakers attempting to convince audiences of the superiority of their latest model of cars. Maasik and Solomon argue that various advertisements express psychology and technical ability of a product that in turn convince customers that a specific want is a need.

Electric cars offer greater functionality including low post-purchase maintenance costs. Maasik and Solomon claim that people tend to buy functionality instead of technology (144). In this case, buyers purchase it to save on the high recurring cost of gasoline. Drivers that make 15,000 miles a year can save up to $850 on fuel. Besides, owners can charge them at work or home or use smart EV charging systems. Other conveniences of the car, include lack of engine noise, high speed with new models such as Tesla Model S. Automobile companies, such as Tesla and Nissan began to research and development efforts from the late twentieth century and launched the first electric vehicle model in mid-2000s. However, only in the U.S. demand has increased steadily in the last half-a-decade rising to 38% in 2016. Low demand is due to unawareness among customers of the difference between the electric and traditional gas-guzzlers cars; it has not attracted many buyers.

Unlike conventional vehicles with long maintenance checklist, electric cars can offer long-term use due to low rates of breakages. For that matter, the car does not require the brake, oil, and transmission fluid change or need to renew wires and spark plugs, air filters, among many others. The motor’s shaft is the only moving part and is reliable and demanding low maintenance. Besides, being an environmentally friendly product, it will have gained government support in developed countries with tax breaks for manufacturers and incentives to buyers as countries seek to cut on carbon emissions

Also, electric vehicles attempt to address a crucial need for balancing the national future electrical grid. In turn, due to non-exhaust emissions, it may not be affected by federal and state policies curbing on carbon-emitting products; hence long-term usage. Notably, while some people may consider an electric car as a status symbol or associated with environmentally friendly and conscious customers, others may stereotype it as a frugal measure for those concerned with saving or avoiding products with high recurring costs such as cars due to fuel needs. Sustainability is related to frugality which some people may consider as pushing people to peasant lifestyles; hence stereotype about low-impact lifestyle remains pervasive. Further, even with its high acceleration, its high upfront may not attract those that feel that it cannot perform as conventional sports cars, such as Ferraris, BMW, Porsches, among many others using internal combustion engine regarding speed.

Conversely, the electric car remains uncommon and has not penetrated across all continents with more units expected to be sold in the future. To be more specific, apart from the high initial cost, the technology is still young and without wide-range of cars compared to those with the internal combustion engine for customers to have options. Moreover, the downside of the vehicle is that the charging infrastructure has not fully developed with fewer fast-charging stations and batteries that are still improving. Thus, as the manufacturer develop the technology and supporting infrastructure, it may gain more demand across the globe.

In conclusion, the electric car is a modern innovation that has multiple attributes. Some purchase it to signify status due to the high upfront cost. Others own it to enjoy its functionality, such as for avoiding fuel and maintenance costs, high acceleration power and safety. Government support such products that signal move towards sustainability with incentives and tax breaks leading which makes the vehicle signify environmentally-conscious consumption. However, despite the car being marketed for about a decade, it low penetration might relate to the perception by some segment of the population as a frugal innovation and the fact that its technology is in initial stages of development.

There's no surprise in this dependence about the proportionality of braking losses on mass & the rolling resistance, plus the force of air dragging on the cross-section of vehicle. However, with this mass there is an increase in the fuel consumption of 17% & for the power on an engine there's an increase of 50%. In spite, the basic origin of this relationship is not exactly known but it's probably because of the mechanical losses of the engine. There is no doubt that the small size of the car in this experiment plays a vital role in providing high fuel efficiency. Let's sum up this section with two facts.

The first is without some innovative change in technology the average American car's fuel consumption increased by 15% from 1980 to 2005. This revealed to us that any of the advantages which the technology gives were coordinated at the consumer by expanding the power & the size of the car. They have a very small impact on reducing environmental issues by the car. Secondly, in 2010, the average cars sold in Europe has witnessed a decrease of 3.7% in fuel consumption. Later on, it is estimated that there is 5% reduction because of the technological innovation which happens due to the increment in the size of the car.

A test is conducted to estimate the commercial car energy proficiency. I have performed a trip to observe why the car is so fuel-efficient. The thermal efficiency of the car is resolved around 40% which is the value that is free of the frequency this is because by carefully examine each measurement done during the experiment. Moreover, the car's designers should focus on the details which are highlighted here about the car size which affects its consumption to improve future work. Incorporating everything, my experience is that only technology doesn't lessen the effect of cars on the environment. Constraining the car's size and energy of the car is also imp

References of Demonstrate the evolution of electric vehicles in the UK, how it's impacting the environment (CO2 emissions) and how it is impacting the investment decisions

Caldwell, B. (2015). Beyond positivism. Routledge.

Grover, V. K. (2015). Research approach: An overview. Golden Research Thoughts, 4(8), 1-8.

Krizman, A. (2011). Methodology in research: how to assure the reliability and validity of constructions in logistics research. Transport Problems, 6, 51-58.

Saunders, M. L. (2009). Understanding research philosophies and approaches. Research methods for business students, 4(106-135).

Wilson, J. (2010). "Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to Doing Your Research Project". SAGE Publications, p.7.

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