Messages
Proposals
Get Urgent Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework Writing
100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support
Introduction
of Cultural Diversity
Management and PR Use of Social Media in Crisis Management
The world is changing rapidly due to the advancement in technology and
globalization. The mass migration of people into the developed countries has
created cultural diversity. Many multinational organizations have recruited
individuals that belong to various races, ethnicities, and countries. These
people have their own believes, values, traditions and cultures which influence
their way of working within the organization. It means that cultural diversity
affect the performance of the corporation. If cultural diversity is managed
efficiently in the corporation than organization can experience, growth,
increase in efficiency and an increase in performance. At the same time if the
cultural diversity is not managed appropriately than the corporation can suffer
from huge economic loss and can result in the downfall of the organization. By
keeping the significance of cultural diversity in mind it is important to
understand how corporate governance can manage cultural diversity and the
earnings of the organization. The primary aim of every organization is to earn
profitability therefore it is important to conduct a research that investigate how
corporate governance can help the corporation to enhance its profitability.
With the development and development of new technologies, corporations
these days have changed their ways of doing enterprise. Because people in each evolved and growing
countries have get entry to to smartphones, cell packages, and computer systems, they could access the
internet and social media more than ever before, and social media advertising
and marketing and advertising and marketing are now used to capture massive
market stocks. In addition, though, each
organizations and public relation (PR) practitioners use social media to manipulate crises (Wigley & Zhang,
2011).
Many researchers have tried to study more about the situations that create crises as well as how
to discover, handle, and respond to such crises. While there are different definitions of the
time period “disaster,” even though, the most commonplace refers to the
incidence of an event with vast poor outcomes that could have an effect on the
corporation, business enterprise, public, enterprise, or a particular agency’s
services and products (Ulmer et al., 2007).
The concept of crisis control and disaster communication has been
growing, at the side of theories and practices to help industry leaders
recognize the true which means and reasons behind crises (Wigley & Zhang,
2011).
Social media websites like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube are
changing the manner that PR practitioners communicate so that you can preclude,
take care of, and respond to crises. Even the definition of social media and
social media utilization, although, remains evolving. The most commonplace definition, even
though, refers to channels utilized by
people from around the arena to percentage information, knowledge, images, and
another new or topic with different people (Wigley & Zhang, 2011). Social
media is increasingly converting the approaches wherein PR practitioners
communicate and do their jobs, and researchers are beginning to well-known and
explore this. This study will look at how company PR practitioners use social
media sites to manage crises such as clients’ negative reports or responses to
the business enterprise’s brands and offerings.
Literature Review of
Cultural Diversity Management and PR Use of Social Media in Crisis Management
Cultural Diversity Management of
Cultural Diversity Management and PR Use of Social Media in Crisis Management
In order to conduct research it is important to know how the research
would fit in the academic and professional fields. The literature review
provides a brief overview about the contribution of the other researchers in
the related field. For performing the study the extensive literature is
reviewed to get the idea about the research that is already done and how this
research would help in filling up the research gap. There are many researchers
who have chosen cultural diversity for the research due to its huge amount of
significance.
Meghna Sabharwal (2014) have conducted the study on the diversity
management and how focusing on the diversity management alone is insufficient.
The researcher have focused on organizational inclusion and stated that this
approach focuses beyond the management of diversity. According to the study
many researchers have focused on the significance of the inclusion but known of
them have ever focused on the relationship of inclusion and performance. In
order to perform the study the survey is conducted in the agencies of Texas to
gather the data. After gathering the data the results of the study are
established.
The findings of the research study shows that managing the cultural
diversity in the organization is not enough to increase the performance of the
employees. The organizations needs to follow the approach which help the
employees to increase their self-esteem and ultimately help them to increase
their performance. It is important to focus on various activities which allow
the organization to manage their employees. The role of leadership is also
important because the leader influence the employees to work efficiently by
motivating them. The study has huge scope because it has not only focused on
diversity but also focused on organizational inclusion with respect to
performance
The researchers Hichem Khlif and Khaled Hussainey (2015) have conducted
a study on the effect of national culture on the profitability & CSED
(Corporate Social & Environmental Disclosure). This study aims to know how
cultural dimensions such as long term orientation and individualism affects the
profitability and CSED. In order to conduct the research meta-analysis
technique is applied. Moreover 48 studies are taken as sample for the study.
The studies are taken which are conducted in the last 20 years. After
evaluating the studies the results are formulated which determine the
relationship between profitability and CSED.
The findings of the research study has shown that the long term
orientation and individualism does influence the profitability and CSED. It
means the relationship between cultural dimensions and profitability along with
CSED exists. The long term orientation and individualism were identified as
strong factors that affect the relationship between CSED and profitability. The
study has vast scope because it provides implications regarding the
corporations as well. This study is important for those researchers who want to
know the effect of culture on different organizations. The researchers can use
this research in the future to investigate how culture impact the profitability
and other factors
The researchers Robin J. Ely and David A. Thomas (2001) has conducted
the research on the cultural diversity and how cultural diversity effect on the
workplace environment. The researchers stated that the cultural diversity have
impact on the members who work in a group. In the study has investigated the
cultural diversity from different perspectives. The perspective that are
discussed in the study include learning perspective, legitimacy perspective and
fairness perspectives. The cultural diversity in the workgroup all the members
to work in certain way and help them to achieve the desired goals if things are
managed appropriately.
The findings of the study shows that the perspectives which are identify
in the study all the managers to promote cultural diversity in the
organization. Through cultural diversity the members generate unique ideas that
help the corporation to resolve the problems more efficiently. When the
workplace is going to be diverse than the employees will learn new things which
will enhance their skills and motivation level. This research study has huge
significance for the management of the organizations along with the employees
or those staff members who work as a team. The researchers who want to research
in the future on cultural diversity can also use this study
Quinetta M. Roberson and Hyeon Jeong Park (2006) have conducted research
on cultural diversity and its association with the firm’s performance. The
researchers have stated that a lot of research is required regarding cultural
diversity and its impact on firm’s performance. In order to conduct research the
100 corporations are taken as sample. The hypotheses is formed and then tested
to form the results of the study. The hypothesis is regarding the cultural
diversity and its impact on financial performance. The cultural diversity has
huge significance for the corporation because it can make organization
successful.
The findings of the research study shows a positive relationship between
the diversity and the firm performance. The study shows that the organization
achieved economic benefit from the diversity. Overall the culture diversity is
important for the firm performance. The study is important for the managers,
businessmen and organizations. Through the study the organizations can focus on
the management of cultural diversity and can take steps that enhance diversity
in the corporation. The researchers who want to investigate the relationship
between cultural diversity and firm performance even further should also use
this study for extensive research. In short it can be said that the study has
vast scope
Kenneth R. Ahem, Daniele Daminelli and Cesare Fracassi (2015) have
performed a study on the cultural values and how cultural values affect on the
mergers that are being carried out across the globe. The mergers and
acquisition are one of the most important activities that the organization
performed in order to expand their business. It is evident that the cultural
values have a significant impact on the merger process. In the study three
cultural dimensions are specified which include individualism, trust and
hierarchy. The data is gathered for the
study and then analyzed to determine the result.
The findings of the research study has shown that the cultural values
affect the merger process. The mergers rate is lower if the countries are
totally different in terms of culture. The research has huge scope and
significance because the research indicates that the culture has major impact
on the merger process. There are not much studies who focus on the merger
process with respect to culture. It can be said that further research is
required to know how the merger and acquisitions are carried out across the
globe. The researcher in future should use this study to investigate the
culture value effect on various activities that corporations perform to expand
their business
Siv Vangen and Nik Winchester (2013) has provided deep insights about managing
the cultural diversity and what steps should the management take to perform the
activities efficiently. In the study three tensions which are related with
management of the cultural diversity are identified. These tensions include interaction
between corporation, interaction between individuals and their collaboration
with corporations. The data is gathered in order to investigate the research
question and to establish result which will allow researchers to contribute in
the field of management. The researchers have focused on the validity &
reliability of the data.
The findings of the study indicates that the management of the cultural
diversity is important. If the organization is not going to focus on the
management of the cultural diversity than it can face huge problems. The study
has huge scope because there are not much studies who have focused over the
management of the cultural diversity. Today the corporations are hiring
employees which belong to different cultures and traditions to promote
diversity and if the organizations are not going to manage it appropriately
than issues can arise which become the reason for the downfall of the company
instead of growth. That is why such research studies are important
PR Use of Social Media in Crisis Management
Social media is converting various roles and
professions, inclusive of the ones of PR practitioners, communications experts,
employees, consumers, and reporters. For this motive, several researchers have
examined the usage of social media in PR. For example, Eyrich et al. (2008)
investigated however 280 PR specialists found electronic mail the maximum
beneficial tool; other researchers have advanced the concept that networking
and digital worlds are more advanced tools (Wright and Hinson, 2009).
Social media defined as "a group of
Internet-based packages that builds at the ideological and technical
foundations that permit the exchange of person-generated content material”
(Kaplan, 2010). Social media has modified companies’ and corporations’
strategies of conversation with the general public, as organizations now have
precise new opportunities for participation, openness, communique,
connectedness, and fostering communities. Many researchers have also examined
the high-quality and negative use of social media as well as the tremendous and
poor influences of those channels on both their users and the opposite
corporations affected (Derani & Naidu, 2016). Social media’s developing
function inside the subject of advertising and marketing means that specialists
have new communique equipment that could add to standard huge communications or
even other web media. While normal broad communications administration has a
essential impact within the advertising field, numerous advertising
professionals are currently that specialize in social media to complement
commonplace media in view that social media networking has thrilling new focal
factors. For instance, advertising and marketing professionals can circulate
their message thru social media networking even as additionally getting
responses from the overall populace at the identical time. (Komodromos, 2014).
Interestingly, with traditional large communications, it is doable to mass
appropriate authoritative messages, however not to acquire such a short
reaction from purchasers. In addition, the new weather encompassing social
media is convincing advertising and marketing experts to deliver messages with
the aid of sending them specifically to key corporations of human beings as opposed
to relying on extensive communications outlets (Coombs, 2014). Advertising professionals have searched for
procedures to get extra immediately, accurate, and simple responses from the
overall populace; nonetheless, the one of a kind estimations utilized as part
of advertising studies have not been attractive (Coombs, 2014).
Social media sites are now used by
organizations and companies to communicate with company stakeholders. On the
other hand, PR practitioners are struggling to control the flow of information
and messages regarding the companies
Domino’s Pizza and its PR practitioners
recently had to reply to troubles publicized with the aid of Michael Setzer and
Kristy Hammon, who published films on adulterated food via Twitter, sharing it
with humans around the arena. After
speaking with Twitter, Domino’s gathered records and not unusual questions
asked via the public. The organization found that most purchaser comments had
been annoying an legit assertion by the proprietor of the enterprise, so
Domino’s addressed the disaster by using recording a video apology from the
organization proprietor and uploading it to YouTube. The PR branch’s position
on this effective instance of disaster control changed into to correctly
display and filter the associated news, messages, emails, evaluations, and
comments and then find an answer regarding the specific form of state of
affairs and crisis. Upon finding the disaster, the PR practitioners advanced
and carried out a step-via-step strategy to resolve the problem via responding
to social media customers (Wigley & Zhang, 2011).
Crisis management
is mostly the responsibility of
organization’s PR department. The main factor that can handle crises is the proper dissemination of information
through official organization channels, as exemplified by the common PR jargon
of “Staying on message” used to describe engaging with others – internal and
external - during a crisis (Howard & Mathews, 2000; Shin & Cameron,
2005). Furthermore, surveys related to crises management reveal the major role
played by exchanges of information during a dilemma. For example, Coombs (2001)defines crisis communication as
the dealings(verbal, visual, or written) between required personnel and organization. Kaufman (1988)
stated that the dissemination of precise and timely information to its required
media and its public is essential
(15). The media also plays both positive
and negative roles in crisis management.
There are several examples regarding the use of social media sites by PR
professionals in crisis management. For
example, when the family of well-known singer Jennifer Hudson was murdered, the
news spread on social media sites and people began to search for news on
Myspace. This shows that people use social media to spread both positive and
negative news, topics, and information through
images and reviews. People with
social media presence became faster than the news channels. On finding suspicious or interesting
information people now tend immediately post images, videos, or statements at
the time of an event. Another example, the US Flight 1549 that landed on the
Hudson River safely, also demonstrates this. Here, Twitter was where people
posted the first pictures of the crashed flight
Conclusion of Cultural Diversity Management and PR Use
of Social Media in Crisis Management
The findings of the research studies have shown that managing the
cultural diversity in the organization is not enough to increase the
performance of the employees. The organizations needs to follow the approach
which help the employees to increase their self-esteem and ultimately help them
to increase their performance. It is important to focus on various activities
which allow the organization to manage their employees. The role of leadership
is also important because the leader influence the employees to work
efficiently by motivating them. The study has huge scope because it has not
only focused on diversity but also focused on organizational inclusion with
respect to performance
Crisis management is mostly the responsibility of organization’s PR department. The main factor that can handle crises is the proper dissemination of information
through official organization channels, as exemplified by the common PR jargon
of “Staying on message” used to describe engaging with others – internal and
external - during a crisis. Furthermore, surveys related to crises management
reveal the major role played by exchanges of information during a dilemma. For
example, Coombs (2001) defines crisis
communication as the dealings (verbal, visual, or written) between required personnel and organization.
Social media sites are now used by organizations and companies to communicate with company stakeholders. On the other hand, PR practitioners are struggling to control the flow of information and the messages regarding the companies. By posting, emailing, sending messages, and updating their status on social media, people are also giving statements and spreading news around the world. Because of this, the Public Relations Society of America conducted a survey in 2010 that found 48% of participants said they have integrated social media into their crisis strategy. Survey participants also indicated that they most often used Twitter as a strategic tool.
References
of Cultural Diversity
Management and PR Use of Social Media in Crisis Management
Coombs, T., 2014. Crisis Management and
Communications. [Online]
Available at: http://www.instituteforpr.org/crisis-management-communications/
Ely, R.
J. & Thomas, D. A., 2001. Cultural Diversity at Work: The Effects of
Diversity Perspectives on Work Group Processes and Outcomes. 46(2), pp.
229-273.
Khlif,
H., Hussainey, K. & Achek, I., 2015. The effect of national culture on the
association between profitability and corporate social and environmental
disclosure: A meta-analysis. 23(3), pp. 296-321.
R.Aher,
K., DanieleDaminelli & Fracassi, C., 2015. Lost in translation? The effect
of cultural values on mergers around the world. 117(1), pp. 165-189.
Roberson,
Q. M. & Park, H. J., 2006. Examining the Link Between Diversity and Firm
Performance: The Effects of Diversity Reputation and Leader Racial Diversity.
pp. 1-29.
Sabharwal,
M., 2014. Is Diversity Management Sufficient? Organizational Inclusion to
Further Performance. 43(2), pp. 197-217.
Vangen,
S. & Winchester, N., 2014. Managing Cultural Diversity in Collaborations: A
focus on management tensions. 14(5), pp. 686-707.
Wigley,
S. & Zhang, W., 2011. A Study of PR Practitioners’ Use of Social Media in
Crisis Planning. Public Relations Journal, 5(3), pp. 1-16.
Young, C. L. & Flowers, A., 2012. Fight Viral with Viral: A Case Study of Domino’s Pizza’sCrisis Communication Strategies. Case Studies in Strategic Communication, 1(1).
Discuss your homework for free! Start chat
