In your own words, define Paradigm Shift. Provide at least one example and explain why you believe it to be a paradigm shift.

The concept of the paradigm shift was introduced by an American Physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. The concept is about a fundamental change in the concept and experimental practices. The paradigm shift is a major change in the practices and concepts related to some work and a variety of contexts. The paradigm shift happens by introducing new technology and radically alters the process of production and services. In real life, a paradigm shift occurs due to an effective change in the method of controlling the mind. For example, human beings can sense if someone is standing behind him and then he turns up to make sure if someone is standing behind him or not. Another example of the real-life experience of paradigm shift is if everyone stands up to see the guest of honor then you too stand up. These examples explain the paradigm shift because both examples contain information about the sudden shift in behavior and action (Merriam-webster. com, 2019).

Question 2

2. Given the diagram below, describe, as best you can, what is going on logically. How would this logic be represented in Excel? What assumptions are you making about the spreadsheet data? Create an Excel statement based on those assumptions. NOTE: The statement does not have to be exact, but it should relate the basic idea.

The diagram demonstrates the logical relation of the car in the possible color and 4DR properties. Some of the assumptions are used in the logical relation of all the terms. The making of a spreadsheet is a logical process that can be carried out in the excel on the basis of these assumptions. The relation is based on the true and false conditions as two possibilities. The function conditions are mentioned below,

According to the conditions,  A1 demonstrate that if A1 =  CAR then it will be true and go straight to B1 in this condition if B1 = Blue then statement is true and it will go to C1 and if C1 will be equal to 4DR then the function will print yes and if the statement is not true then it will print No.

3.  In your own words, explain the concept of nesting functions in Excel? Why is it useful? Give at least one example.

      Excel enables the user to use nested function up to 64 levels. Most of the nested functions are based on the typical and conditional formula. The use of function as an argument is an important formula that is based on the functions and this process is known as the nesting process and it refers to the function. The level of nesting formula is up to seven levels for the nested functions. For instance, the example of the average function and sum function are both second level functions that are based on the IF function. Consider the example mentioned below,

4. Discuss the use of a VLOOKUP (or HLOOKUP) and compare it to nesting IF statements. What are the considerations concerning the data? When is one preferred over the other? What is the purpose of the range lookup parameter? VLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

The nested multiple VLOOKUPs are can be used in the excel by having function and formulas that look up with the sequential formulas. The typical example of NESTED IF is to have a function of assigning the values and grades to the test scores of the students. The score and grades are mentioned below

Nested loop for the function 

VLOOKUP

The VLOOKUP function deals with a large amount of data if the data is complex and the argument becomes more optional. The use of VLOOKUP in the excel is to deal with the variable table array with an IF function. The function search nested IF conditions to handle the results as well as the empty cell results. VLOOKUP function in the above example lookup for the data and then retrieve data from the specific column in the table and match with the grades.

Reference of Paradigm shift

Merriam-webster. com. (2019). Paradigm shift. Retrieved from www.merriam-webster.com: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paradigm%20shift