What physiological or medical effects that they exhibit and how reliable is this information?

Lycopene

Lycopene is a very powerful antioxidant that provides many benefits to main health involving sun protection, lower risk of different types of cancers as well as improved the heartbeat and the improved regulation of blood circulation into blood vessels. Furthermore, lycopene can also be experienced as the supplement because it can be effective at the time of consumption from the rich foods of lycopene such as tomatoes, watermelons as well as red-colored or pink-colored fruits and vegetables. Moreover, lycopene can be effective for the human that can provide benefits to the human body through the prevention of the diseases and it also protects the immune system.

Caffeic Acid

Caffeic acids have different types of benefits to human health and it can also very effective in the different types of diseases. The use of caffeic acids or intaking of caffeic acids will effective for cancer patients because it can prevent diseases or can also slow the development of cancer into the human body. According to a study of 2015, the caffein and caffeic acids were used to test on 1090 people having breast cancer. After using caffeic acid on breast cancer patients, it is identified that caffeic acid has anti-cancer properties (Villines, 2017).

Phytochemicals are the compounds of the chemicals that are generated by plants and theses chemicals are helpful for the plants. They are also called polyphenols which are categorized into six further classes on the basis of their chemical structures and their different characteristics.

What phytochemical class do they belong to?

I have found two different types of phytochemicals which are: the caffeic acid and lycopene. Lycopene C₄₀H₅₆ is classified into the carotenoids (tetraterpenoids) class in which alpha-carotene, beta carotene neuropore, and other chemical compounds exist. Lycopene can usually be found and collected from different foods and things such as guava, watermelon, grapefruit, tomatoes, carrot, autumn olive, apricot as well as Vietnam Gac.

On the other side, caffeic acid (C9H8O4) is also found which is also a chemical compound of the phytochemicals and categorized into hydroxycinnamic acid. The caffeic acid can generally be found from some foods such as pear, artichoke, thyme, basil, hawthorn, burdock, olive oil, apple as well as oregano.

What foods are they found?

Sources of Caffeic acids

The major source of caffeic acid is coffee but various other it also exists in different types of plant-based foods in small quantities. The plant-based foods are given below which are also considered as the richest caffeic acid sources.

• ale
• berries
• dried fruits
• seed oils
• sage
• thyme
• oregano
• spearmint
• cinnamon
• caraway
• nutmeg
• sunflower seeds
• black olives

Sources of Lycopene

The lycopene can be obtained from different types of foods but the richest sources of lycopene are given below (Petre, 2018).

·         Guava

·         Canned tomatoes

·         Papaya

·         Grapefruit/pink grapefruit

·         Sun-dried tomatoes

·         Fresh tomatoes

·         Cooked Sweet red peppers

·         Tomato puree

Miscellaneous facts related to this compound

Phytochemicals can be very effective for human health and it can also be easily found in different sources such as cauliflower, oranges, spinach, sweet potatoes, mangoes, carrots, corns, tomatoes, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, fish oil, red pepper, blueberries, and green tea.

References of Physiology 

Petre, A. ( 2018, October 3). Lycopene: Health Benefits and Top Food Sources. Retrieved from Healthline: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lycopene#cancer

Villines, Z. (2017, September 24). What to know about caffeic acid. Retrieved from Media News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319510#what-are-the-uses-of-caffeic-acid