Essay on Classification/Genome Organization

E. coli belongs to the Genus of Escherichia and its specie is E. coli. (O’Brien, 2016)

Key Molecular/Cellular Structures


Cellular structure along with its metabolism is that E. coli is one of the bacteria that is Gram-negative and rod like in its shape. This E. coli possesses the adhesive fimbriae along with the specific cell wall which mainly consists of an outer membrane that contains the lipopolysaccharides along with the periplasmic space with the specific kind of a peptidoglycan layer and the last thing that it contains is the inner cytoplasmic membrane.

                                             Image showing the structure of E.coli

History of Discovery/Characterization


The person who discovered this E.coli bacteria is known by the name of Theodore von Escherich. He is one of the German bacteriologist who discovered this bacterium Escherichia Coli for the very first time if we look at its history. This bacteria is the one that is being called by the name of E.coli commonly. This bacterium is found in the human intestinal tract and then it also comes in number of different multiple forms or kinds. But out of all, the most deadly one is E.coli. (Stoesser, 2016)

Current Public Health Burden (incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, socioeconomic impact)

This E.coli is known to be the bacterial pathogen and it is directly associated with the diarrheal disease and they are known to be the cause of morbidity and the morality on the worldwide scale. Morality due to this bacteria is more than 300 causes of the disability along with the death as well.

Epidemiology (pathogen reservoirs, ease and route of disease transmission)

E.coli almost causes 12-50 percent of the nosocomial infections in different ways and there are almost 4% of the cases that are affiliated with the diarrheal disease. In some of the tropical countries, this E.coli is known to be an important cause for the childhood diarrhea. This further causes 11-15% of different cases for the travelers’ diarrhea in different persons that visits some of the developing countries.

This E.coli is being transmitted to the humans by the consumption of different kind of the contaminated foods like raw or even the undercooked ground meat products along with the raw milk.

Life Cycle/Replication Cycle


E.coli is the one that easily reproduces by two different kind of the means that is:

Cell division and transfer of the genetic material by any of the sex pilus that is also called as Conjugation. There are many different kind of the bacteria in which this conjugation depends upon the fertility factor called as plasmid which is present in the donor cell and is absent in the recipient cell completely. (Wallden, 2016)

Characteristic Immune Response


Different scientists have shown that strain of this E.coli causes an infection and it also thrives through manipulating the host of immune response. Bacterium is the one which secretes a protein called as NIeH1 which directs out the host immune of the enzyme to the IKK beta for altering the particular immune responses.

Clinical Disease/Pathology


Disease that is being caused by this E.coli are some of the common bacterial infections that include bacteremia, cholecystitis, urinary tract infection and many other different kind of the clinical infections like pneumonia. (Zhan, 2016)

Available or Developing Treatment/Vaccination Strategies

There is no as such treatment that can cure out the infection completely, relieve out the symptoms or different complications. For many people, treatment includes complete bed rest, and intake of fluids as it helps in dehydration along with the fatigue.

References of Classification/Genome Organization:

O’Brien, E. J. (2016). Quantification and classification of E. coli proteome utilization and unused protein costs across environments. PLoS computational biology.

Stoesser, N. S. (2016). Evolutionary history of the global emergence of the Escherichia coli epidemic clone ST131.

Wallden, M. F. (2016). The synchronization of replication and division cycles in individual E. coli cells. 729-739.

Zhan, X. S. (2016). Gram-negative bacterial molecules associate with Alzheimer disease pathology. 2324-2332.