Assignment on the following parameters will be used to calculate installation cost for LED lighting while replacing all Triphosphoric Tubes

Step: 2: Using the above information hardware cost will be calculated as the installation cost includes both hardware cost and contractor cost. The hardware cost includes tube cost and starter cost per unit of LED lights. See the following table for the hardware cost of LED lights.

Step: 3: Contractor Cost calculation is the next step to calculate total installation cost. The contractor cost will be calculated by using labour cost per hour and fixed call fee of labour. See the following table for contractor cost:

Step: 4: Now by adding up all contract cost and hardware cost the following installation cost is calculated for LED lights.

i)                   Annual Maintenance and Replacement Cost for Option A and Option B

Option A is the use of Triphosphor Tubes. While option B is related to the use of LED Tubes. The stated below basic assumptions are used for the calculation of maintenance cost and replacement cost for each option:

·         Lamps fail at a uniform rate based on total hours of lamp operation in the warehouse and lamp lifetimes.

·         Each lamp replacement takes 10 minutes

·         All labour costs $12/hour.

The following table represents the maintenance cost and replacement cost for both options.

Maintenance Cost
Type	Cleaning Session	Per Unit Time (min)	Units	Labor Cost /hr	Total Maintenance Cost
Triphosphor Tube	Annual	5	400	$              12.00	$                             400.00
LED Tube	Annual	5	400	$              12.00	$                             400.00
Replacement Cost
Type	Average Life (hrs)	Usage (hrs)	Per Unit Time (min)	Units	Labor Cost /hr	Total Replacement Cost
Triphosphor Tube	20000	4896	10	150	$                               12.00	300
LED Tube	50000	4896	10	100	$                               12.00	200

ii)                 Annual Energy Cost for Lighting System

In this question, the annual energy cost for the lighting system and AC are calculated. The following assumptions are set for energy cost calculation.

·         Air Conditioning Operates for 10 months at COP 2.8

·         Average Cost of kwh is $28.5

·         If AC is 3500 watt then watt after COP calculation would be 9800

·         Triphosphor Tube works on 36 watt

·         The LED tube requires 10.5 watts for lighting

 

Step 1: The following table represents the kW calculation for all lights and AC  energy consumption.

 

Step: 2: Now the next step is to calculate hours of energy consumption for lights and AC.

Step: 3:  Now using all the above-stated calculations and assumptions the annual energy cost for lighting and AC is calculated in the following table.

Type	kW	Hours	KWh	Cost (cents/kWh)	Total Cost (cents)
Triphosphor	0.036	4896	176.256	28.5	5023.296
LED	0.0105	4896	51.408	28.5	1465.128
AC	9.8	3840	37632	28.5	1072512

iii)               Net Present Cost

The net present cost of option A and option B is calculated by using the discount rate of 10% over the next 15 years. The total cost used in the analysis for each option is the sum of total energy consumption cost (option A or option B) and AC energy consumption. See the following table for both options.

The following table is developed for option B.

Thus analysis represents that net present cost for option A is greater than option B. The option B is more cost-efficient therefore the company should give preference to the use of LED lights rather than using Triphosphor tubes in their workplaces.  Thus the recommended option is Option B. the following are assumptions for this analysis:

·         The discount rate is 10% annual

·         Each option is for 15 years period

·         AC will work 10 months only

·         Lighting will operate 51 weeks a year and 16 hours daily.

Question: 2

1.      Heat balance table: The missing values of heat balance table can be calculated by measuring the energy in input fuel. See the stated below table for this.

Based on the above table the missing value of heat balance table is calculated.

2.      Sankey Energy Diagram: The following diagram is developed for the aluminum heating furnace.