Table of Contents

 Introduction of Contribution of corrugated cardboard/fiberboard as a packaging material for fruits under economic, technical and ecological considerations

In the present age, the stakeholders (e.g. consumers and investors) are highly concerned about the ecological and economic impact of organizational operations. Increasing demand for eco-friendly solutions has changed the packing styles of international and national level companies particularly companies working in the food sector. Fruits selling companies are shifting to the eco-friendly packing practices to rebuild their market image as a socially responsible company. In the present work, several possible considerations are discussed regarding packing materials for the fruits. Key considerations explained in this report are ecological considerations, economic considerations, and technical considerations (Tabor, 2018).  

By the modern era of globalization, the cushioning material which become the indispensable part of the packaging and especially for transport and storage which is also help the Captivate and the proportion of kinetic energy that is also generating the package suffer and impact dropped from the certain of height. The corrugated paper packaging is extremely versatile which is also made up of in any size and shape and anything from the colorful box for the fast-moving consumer goods like trays for taking care, chocolate, and fragile fruit. It is the ideal material for various purposes which is involving the exhibition stand, furniture, and housing insulations. The growth of consumer demand for the recyclable as well as sustainable packaging is the driving innovation which is the corrugated and paper industries that also found the excellent alternatives for fossil-based products and that are environmentally friendly. The cushioning of material which play an important component of packaging and it especially has fresh, vegetables, fruits, and flower. The service is also protected and produced mechanical damages. In addition to the bruising, that also occurs due to the rubbing of produced against every package will through the filling of void spaces in a package.

Packing Materials for Fruits of Contribution of corrugated cardboard/fiberboard as a packaging material for fruits under economic, technical and ecological considerations

In Fruit selling and packing industries, various materials are commonly in use which has different costs and technical requirements. While geographical differences also matter for the selection of packing materials. For instance, plastic packing and PK shrink films packing for fruits and sliced fruits are common in many Asian countries. A recent research report concludes that fruits can be affected by the packing materials; therefore, they suggest the use of anti-moisture polyethylene bags and cardboard packing materials (SHAO, XIE, CHEN, & LI, 2013). Considering the current objective of studying cardboard/fiber material used in packing, this section is further divided into three main sections to represent Economic, Technical, and Ecological Considerations for using these materials (Corrugated Cardboard/Fiberboard as a Packing material) for fruits. The fresh horticultural produced like flowers, vegetables as well as fruits which are also delicate. And thus it is easily damaged through the mechanical factors among commodities variations as well as the compression in the transportation, harvesting, and handling.

The packaging of fresh fruits as well as vegetables is the most significant step which is a complicated journey from the consumer to grower. Baskets, Bags, cartons, Hampers, Crates, as well as bulk bins along with the palletized containers which are very easy for the marketing, handling along the transporting of fresh produce. There are more than 15, 00 various kinds of packages  (Hafeez et al , 2012).  This is used to produce in United States. Packing as well as the packaging of material which contributes to the important cost to produce the industry and thus is significant which is buyers, packer, consumer as well as shipper has a clear understanding of the great range of packaging options available. A factsheet which is also explained the various kinds of packaging involving the limitation, function which is also involved in the commodity, listing, and the common to produce the standards of the industry. The Corrugated cardboard boxes which are also used for the export of vegetables and fruits in worldwide. Thus for the sea freight, a cardboard performance boss is also required and evaluated for the shipment of the low-temperature conditions. Below this perspective, there are various kinds of the corrugated cardboard box a package that is compared and also has the effect of quality of marketability along with the acceptability of consumers on the commercial fruits (Hafeez et al , 2012).

Economic Considerations of Contribution of corrugated cardboard/fiberboard as a packaging material for fruits under economic, technical and ecological considerations:

      In the logistics and packing operations of the fruit industry, the economic cost and ecological benefits are difficult to calculate. Therefore, companies working in this fruit industry only follow up eco-friendly packing when they get enforced from consumer demand and legal consequences. Following research findings, we can save up to 20% cost by using cardboard or fibreboard materials for packing instead of plastic. For instance, if for a fixed quantity of fruits, an average cost for a plastic container is around $16,855 then cardboard packing will cost only $9,714 (Hinz, 2012). However, the difference is greater against the use of steel and glass-based packing for some sliced fruits. Excluding cost benefits, using sustainable materials can also increase economic benefits for the company. The eco-friendly packing creates a social image and reinforces the emotive bond between con summers and products. Recent research studies agree with the inclining behavior of consumers towards eco-friendly products particularly food. Thus, economic benefits by higher sales and increased inventory turnover are expected if the company uses cardboard for packing (González Boubeta, Fernández Vázquez Noguerol, Domínguez Caamaño, & Prado Prado, 2018).

Technical Considerations of Contribution of corrugated cardboard/fiberboard as a packaging material for fruits under economic, technical and ecological considerations

           Other than cost and ecological considerations, some technical considerations also apply to the packing of fruits while using cardboard material and fibreboard material. Firstly, the shipment of the fruits becomes challenging for freight and logistic companies. Cardboard and Fibre packing can be insufficient to protect fruits from getting damaged and crushed. While cardboard is also not a waterproof material therefore it cannot sustain in rainy weather. Even a wet environment can reduce the strength of cardboard boxes to protect fruits. Apart from this, corrugated cardboard packing is durable if only used to keep fruits in the best condition at shopping centers and retail shops.

A corrugated board industry is considered the most used transportation packaging in a world. Approximately there are more than 7-% of the transported produced uses packages which are created from corrugated board. And 400% of the corrugated packaging is used as a technical consideration for the packing of food products but only 4% of this is used in direct contact by foods. Therefore rest is used as the secondary packaging (Hanna, 2018).

Ecological Considerations of Contribution of corrugated cardboard/fiberboard as a packaging material for fruits under economic, technical and ecological considerations:

             Packing materials not only used to protect the fruit from getting damaged but also provide a look to a fruit. An empirical research work (Mahakalkar et al , 2019)conducted on ecological consideration of packing in the food industry concluded that carbon footprints are for each plastic box of food products is many times more than cardboard material for packing. Regarding this, some international standards such as ISO 14044:2006 and ISO 14064:2006 are developed to enable managerial staff and entrepreneurs for the contribution of carbon emission goals at their state level and international level. However, at the same time production of cardboard materials also require the use of trees. Excessive production of cardboard and paper packaging for fruits and other products are causing deforesting. During the last 10 years of the 1990s, the total net loss of forests is around 94mha (an area the size of Venezuela). According to research (Cusack, 2016)deforesting have an ecological impact on four zones including Boreal (33%), sub-tropical (9%), tropical (477%), and temperate (11%). However, cardboard mainly manufactured of pine tree can have a relatively lower environmental impact or contribution is deforesting. According to the researchers, pine tree grows fast therefore using its timber does not draw huge impact on forest and environment because of easy and quick replacement by new pine tree plants. Additionally, the recycling process is easy for the cardboard packing materials as such boxes are made of renewable materials. Some of the materials used in the manufacturing of corrugated cardboard packing for fruits are, newspapers, paper pulp, and timber from the pine tree and its leaves.  Estimated containment of recycling materials in cardboard manufacturing range from 70% to 100%. Thus, the second life of these corrugated cardboard can reduce the environmental cost for the companies. Thus the corrugated packaging also creates the best use of secondary laws materials which is also increased the need of separate collection of board and paper and it is also ensure the high quality material for the recycling.

Fruits packaged in these cardboard made boxes can collapse easily because of wet and juicy fruits. Protecting these boxes from collapsing can make these boxes reusable for the household or retailers whoever purchases these fruits. Consequently, some advantages and disadvantages are presented in the following table to represent the overall summary for ecological considerations of cardboard used in fruits selling, retailing, supplying, or packing industries.

Conclusion of Contribution of corrugated cardboard/fiberboard as a packaging material for fruits under economic, technical and ecological considerations

In conclusion, the open-top corrugated cardboard boxes could also be preferred over the closed top boxes for shipping through the sea of fruits. In both boxes, the cultivars are the marketable fruit percentage, and that is also actually represented by the commercial. Then the consumer's criterion is on the open top and the corrugated cardboard boxes, which is compared with the closed. Summing up all the discussion it is concluded that the research is about the “Contribution of corrugated cardboard/fiberboard as a packaging material for fruits under economic, technical and ecological considerations”. Nowadays the proper packaging of commodities plays a significant role and protecting the commodities form the various damage. Fruits selling companies are shifting to the eco-friendly packing practices to rebuild their market image as a socially responsible company. While geographical differences also matter for the selection of packing materials. For instance, plastic packing and PK shrink films packing for fruits and sliced fruits are common in many Asian countries.