Assess the literature on private quality standards and public along with their impacts of the food markets, in the international trade plus the global supply chains. This study is focused on the effects of the welfare, industrial organization, and trade along with the labor markets by the special attention. For the better characterize these measures constitute the protactinium with the complicated task. The analysis of the standards for the Non-tariff measure (NTM) along with the impact which does not lead the prescription of the sweeping for the policy reforms.     

Description on Nontariff Measures and Standards in Trade and Global Value Chains

The non-tariff measures which are alleged for the protectionism plus the political economy with their impact in the international trade plus the global supply chains. The article provides analysis of global supply chains and the international trade from business, labor market, welfare, and industrial organization.

The complex effects are also evident of trade development processes. The standards are designed to measure quantitative approaches and impact on the trade and development programs. The purpose of analysis is to measure the private as well as public standards. The increase in consumer perception about the quality, safety and the environmental is essential at the global and international ramifications (Beghin & et.al, 2015).

The standards that are complex aggregates are for the producers and buyers. The concepts can be empirically implemented for the welfare and industries (Beghin & et.al, 2015). The optimum conditions for the informal methods are related to the fixed and the cost-effective standards. The violation of WTO rules becomes stringent and deviates from the recommended practices (Beghin & et.al, 2015).

There are three types of main criteria to determine the protectionism and these criteria includes transparency, national treatment, and science-based processes. The NTM framework includes certain economic effects such as protection effect, supply cost shift effect, and demand enhancement. The challenges are due to policy in statements that are related to collective standards for instance Global GAP.

Compare

Methods of the NTM regime through the impact of price .Compare the price wedge and the Ad Valorem the domestic price of the goods is compared by the references of the border prices for the comparable goods (Beghin & et.al, 2015). The tariff is equivalent for the regulatory regimes that is sued for the further analysis in elucidates.  The inventory base frequency plus the count measures compare the measure of frequency across the set of the commodities (Beghin & et.al, 2015).

The welfare implications for the private’s standards, value chains and the trade have the lack of the representative data, to compare the multiple standards   (Beghin & et.al, 2015).  The regulatory regimes are developed for the analysis of impact and the resource allocation. The price that is synthetically distorted is inferred for the equilibrium data. The considered points are import of goods, demands and supply of the substitutes. Ignoring the quality standards induces impact on the growth of trade for the imported and domestic goods (Beghin & et.al, 2015).

The comparison is carried out by the UNCTAD database investigation.

Evaluate the Nontariff Measures and Standards in Trade and Global Value Chains

The measurement of the NTM is normally enlarged by the trade effects of the NTMs, especially regimes of the NTM regulatory are characterized through the dummy variables. Trade is assumed for the economic activity of proportional to decrease the costs of trades among the countries. The cost of trade is composed by the distance, barriers, remoteness with the various transactions cost by changes the degree. Evaluate the gravity equation, for the gravity equations methods, estimate an effect of trade for the trade cost including the NTMs, not the impact of welfare.   

The measurement for the effects of NTMs needs the decomposing cost of trade wedge among the export sources in the component of the transportations cost. The improvement in the distance measurements for the cost of transportations is occurred in the estimation equation of gravity. As by the information, the gravity equation is based on the analyses of the NTMs that cover the multiple sectors.   

Discussion on Nontariff Measures and Standards in Trade and Global Value Chains

In this article the discussion is about the, measures of the Non-tariff for protectionism, for the conceptual issues plus the basic indicators. The empirical implementation of the protectionism is nearly insurmountable. Measurement of the Non- tariff measures included the price wedge, inventory-based frequency, measure of Sanitary plus the Phytosanitary measure of transparency plus harmonization. In this article the discussion is about welfare and trade effects of Non-tariff measure, which evaluate about the gravity equations, partial equilibrium analysis (Beghin & et.al, 2015).

Article also discusses gravity estimations. According to the article, bilateral trade between two states or countries can be elaborated successfully by using gravity- equation approach (Boz, Bussière, & Marsill, 2015). while in some countries where economy is not stable, and income of the natives is low as compared to the developing countries standards can be used as one of the most significant sources for the trade restrictiveness. Somehow, research claim that international standards and harmonization does not have any kind of the negative or positive impact on the export business of a country.      

Personal Experience or Opinion at Nontariff Measures and Standards in Trade and Global Value Chains

This article can use to enhancing the information related to the studies of the Non-tariff measures their mechanism and their process. It is indicated by the latest discovery. My opinions are very wide in good range for this topic because this topic is hot topic
which is related to the issue of the protectionist and the causality. My opinion is that we identify the modest prescription as well as make some recommendation for the fruitful research direction.

Our production and the use of the have immense effects labor market, global trade and welfare (Beghin & et.al, 2015). Article also discussed the harmonization measures and transparency measures that are really important information related to this topic. In my opinion, ISO standards can support in analyzing and capturing harmonization to collect information about the products that are highly harmonized in the targeted market and custom union.

References of Nontariff Measures and Standards in Trade and Global Value Chains

Beghin, J. C., & et.al. (2015, may 20). Nontariff Measures and Standards in Trade and Global Value Chains. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 7(1), 425–450.

Boz, E., Bussière, M., & Marsill, C. (2015). Recent slowdown in global. The Global Trade Slowdown: A New Normal, 55-70.