History essay of Mathematics

The study area that deals with the history of mathematics is mainly associated with the investigation of origin of mathematics and discoveries of mathematics. The investigation considers past of notations and mathematical methods. The modern form of mathematical development is based on previous discoveries of knowledge. The history initiates from 3000 BC in which states of Mesopotamian such as Akkad, Assyria and Summer along with the Ancient Egypt worked on the geometry, algebra, and arithmetic mathematics (Groups. dc. st-and. ac. UK, 2019).

The ancient mathematical texts were mainly available form the Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Babylonian in 1900 BC. After that in 2000 BC Hind Mathematical Papyrus was discovered. In 1890 BC Moscow Mathematical Papyrus was introduced. The Pythagorean theorem is considered as most ancient mathematical development on the basis of geometry and arithmetic. The Babylonian basics of mathematics were inherited from the Greeks. The geometric formulation, conic section, and mathematical study by Apollonian was driven from the astronomy.

1.      In the beginning of 16^th century, the aquatic and cubic equations were proposed by Cardin, Pacino, Ferrari, and Tagliatelle. After that Galileo and Copernicus worked to revolutionize the applications of mathematics (Groups. dc. st-and. ac. UK, 2019).

2.      In 17^th century Briggs and Napier empowered the mathematics by introducing the discovery of logarithms. Cavalier empowered the calculus with infinitesimal methods and algebraic methods in the geometry. Fermat continued progress of calculus, Pascal worked on probability (Groups. dc. st-and. ac. UK, 2019).

3.      In 18^th century, Newton’s theory of gravitation and his theory of light developed an interaction between astronomy, physics, and mathematics. Leibniz provided a rigorous approach of calculus and influenced the various members of Bernoulli for calculus and variety of applications. In 18^th century, La Grange, Monger and Carnot improved mathematics. Laplace worked on the celestial mechanics while Carnot and Monger worked on the major progress of synthetic geometry.

4.      In 19^th century, rapid progress was observed in the Fourier work about the fundamental of heat. In geometry, fundamental work was carried out by Pucker. Bolivia and Lobachevsky developed non-Euclidean geometry. He was great mathematician and worked on the integer congruence and quadratic reciprocity.

Galois introduced fundamental operations in group concept and continued to the new direction in mathematical research. Riemann and Weierstrass continued their work about the complex variables. Clayey worked on matrices and linear algebra that was initially complemented by Grassland and Hamilton.  Cantor invented analysis of numbers and rational numbers.

At the end of 19^th century Cantor invented the set theory along with the analysis that were carried out for the concept of numbers. Dedekind and Weierstrass contributed to the irrational numbers.  The mathematical physics and astronomy were further driven in the end of 19^th century. The work conducted by Lie was related to the differential equations, differential topology and topological groups. Maxwell revolutionized mathematical physics. The statistical mechanics was then developed in 20^th century for ergonomic theory and the work was carried out by Gibbs, Boltzmann, and Maxwell. The improved study in potential theory and electrostatics was driven for the integral equations.

The development theory for the functional analysis was based on the Hilbert spaces and Freehold's functions. The mathematical discoveries were improved in the previous century. The different matters and number methods were improved.

References history of mathematics

Groups. dcs. st-and. ac. uk. (2019). An overview of the history of mathematics. Retrieved from www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk: http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/History_overview.html