Information technology is an important industry because it enables the major functions of business. The significant impact of Information Technology systems to increase accuracy, speed, efficiency, scalability, and capacity of business. The implementation of information technology in the business helps to gain competitive advantage in the industry. The aim of present work is to identify a need for computing ethics in the information technology industry. The present work considered complexity and ethical issues by considering the legal tools, Marketing software and developer interest to safeguard the business interest (Computermajors. com, 2013). Different business concepts used in organizations are also considered under ethical theories. These concepts and business practices according to marketing principles and concept of business organization (Waller & Lanis, 2009). The present work deal with ethical, political, social media, economic, marketing, and legal issues related to Information Technology industry. Different methods are used to analyses and resolve the issues under the legal consideration of starting the company.

(McCarthy, Halawi, & Aronson, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ETHICS: A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK, 2005)

Discussion on Professional Computing Practice

Need for computing ethics in the Information Technology (IT) industry

Information systems and computers are widely used in industry and Society. The use of new technologies in invaluable tools can face serious ethical consequences. The information technology tools have a serious impact on usability and effectiveness. It is difficult for the stakeholders and users to adopt the computer system that is not under legal considerations and violates interest and values. Computer tools can be used in different situations dominating by ethical conflicts (It. uu. se, 2019). The use of computer system faces great risk of expensiveness, conflicts, and scandals. Suboptimal issues can be due to ethical and controversial systems. These ethical issues can damage the organization. The aim of ethics in information technology is to provide a construction tool that can be applied to the development of system and to introduce a significant impact on the growth of business. The application of suitable ethical tools can be dependent upon different aspects such as development and implementation of different phases of computer systems. Ethical tools are required to avoid conflict and significant moral principles should be implemented in the successful system. The effect of information technology in the industry is largely related to different factors such as copyright protection, accountability, intellectual freedom, and security (Godfrey & Hatch, 2007).

The advancement in internet and networking is making it possible for the users to access personal data of users remotely from any location and then copy data to their system (Computermajors. com, 2013). Therefore, in the information society, it is critically required to established ethical foundations that are responsible for the intellectual property and privacy of individuals. The growing Information Technology industry works under different laws and rules to continue the development. It is important to use Information Technology professionally and to implement ethical considerations and a different kind of Technology to manage appropriate code of ethics (McCarthy, Halawi, & Aronson, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ETHICS: A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK, 2005).

It has been summarized in the article that we are living in a society based on information. Most of the people work and live in the context of IT or information and technology. Leisure time is enhanced and culture is enriched by IT through the expansion of information distribution, pressure relief on different urban areas by allowing people to work from remote-sites and homes. It has changed the way how we are working and how we are interacting with others. In terms of communication speed and productivity, these advancements have been positive. However, there are some costs as well. New ethical issues have been created by these changes.

The research focused on finding the answer to whether ethical differences are prevalent among graduate and undergraduate MIS students in the US. For testing the formed hypotheses, a subset comprising of five different ethical cases were used for testing if there are ethical differences among students. It has been identified that the technique of scenario is useful and reliable in eliciting attitudes through the means of personalizing issues.

The authors conclude that differences in the ethical beliefs among MS-CIS and MBA students were almost nonexistent. The curriculum for students of business is changing for including a course in business ethics, which will be including topics related to information technology. Although the support was not that strong, there was slight evidence that the difference between graduate and undergraduate students of computer didn’t exist (McCarthy, Halawi, & Aronson, 2005).

It has been summarized in the article that environmental concerns have started to change the landscape in which different international organizations are competing. The influences and demands of environmental movement are quite evident in the value size of a dollar of a marketplace which is conscious of environment. Additionally, the increasing concerns of regulation over the corporate practices’ environment impact have started to affect corporate strategies. The idea of entrepreneurial marketing strategies is discussed by authors which seems to reflect the confluence of various social performance objectives, marketing strategy, and orientations of corporate entrepreneurship by incorporating the concerns of environment when developing different marketing practices and policies. In the end, needs for future research have been explained (Menon & Menon, 1997).

Concepts of business organization of Professional Computing Practice

The concept of business organization can be defined as the business is formed by combined efforts of single person, two people, and a group of persons. The business organization carry commercial enterprises to provide products, services and sometimes both product and services and in exchange they get payment from the customers. The business organization consider legal framework that defines structure of the company with understanding of liability, risk, and profit dispersals. Business practices are a well-defined way to attempt most effective business. Different organizations develop rules and regulations to ensure that business practices are efficient and workable and different laws are applicable (Serenko & Bontis, 2009). The best business practices strategies include some considerations that are mentioned below,

1. The business should be competitive

2. The impact of business practice is on the development of a new market and to increase the sales

3. To reduce the cost and to make the business more efficient

4. Improve the skills of workers in the workplace

5. Reduce the waste and improve the quality of services provided to the customers

6. Use the technology that induces more effective impact on the growth

7. Respond the innovators quickly in any sector (Albrecht, Thompson, Hoopes, & Rodrigo, 2010).

The marketing principles are directly related to the implementation of Information Technology. The effective marketing is about the use of potential consumers with an appealing way of influence on the decisions (Monica, Mike, Pietro, & Veronica, 2007). The marketing principles emphasize on the employees to learn to manage to distribute marketing-oriented information. In fact, the marketing principles and information technology in modern marketing jobs are directly related to each other. In business the information technology tools are used by professionals of marketing. These tools are blogging, Email communication, computerized presentations, customer relationship management systems, graphic design software, email marketing, websites, and social media. The information technology system raises political, social, and ethical issues(Levy & Ellis, 2006) .

Issues relevant to the IT industry of Professional Computing Practice

The effective principles used to have the decision about ethical issues in the information technology system include security, privacy, quality, system, and development techniques. Ethics in information technology is important because it develops the trend of trust, integrity, excellence of resources, and responsibility. The ethical issues in business development and marketing principles are mainly directed in 5 moral dimensions including system quality, rights and obligations, accountability, control, and quality of life. These five moral dimensions are associated with each other along with social, ethical, and political issues in the information society (Abd, Lokman, & M.Y, 2011).

Ethics define and principles of wrong and right for the individual’s, provide services as free moral agents and use different choices to reach the required behaviour. The information technology is facing the different challenges and questions related to new ethical considerations for society and individuals because they provide the opportunity to have intense is social change (Sargolzaei & Nikbakht, 2017). In the information system political, social, and ethical issues are closely related to each other. Use of new information technology introduced ripple effect on the current equilibrium and result in the political, ethical, and social issues that must be resolved individually, politically, and socially. The political and social time frame required the development of laws, rules, and new behaviours. All the issues have five moral directions. These five moral dimensions are associated with each other. There are four key technology trends that highlight ethical stress existing in social arrangements and laws (Rogerson, 2007).

Refutation of Professional Computing Practice

Advancement in data storage techniques of Professional Computing Practice

The impact of advancement in data storage techniques is directly related to multiplying the databases. Organizations keep the data of customers and employees. Therefore, it is important to develop rules and regulations about violation of individual privacy.

Advancement in data analysis techniques of Professional Computing Practice

The improvement and advancement in data analysis techniques enable the government agencies and companies to define profiling. The detailed information is about the taste and habits of individuals. Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA) is another form of new data analysis technique in which data is obtained from the people resources and then define correlation between all the hidden connections (Stahl, Eden, Jirotka, & Coeckelbergh, 2014).

Increase in computing power of Professional Computing Practice

The computing power is becoming double every 18 months. This increase allows growing number of organizations to implement state of art information system in their organization. The use of Information Technology improves core business processes. This growing dependence has critical implementation for the increase in vulnerability of system, system errors, and quality of data. The advancement of networking due to use of information system can reduce the cost of accessing data, permitting the privacy invasions on the wide scales (Stahl, Timmermans, & Flick, Ethics of Emerging Information and Communication Technologies, 2017).

Section 2: Critical Thinking Analysis

Self-directed learning of Professional Computing Practice

The fundamental cause for the selection of this topic is to conduct a General observation about the social networks and information system used in organizations. The present work reflects particular information under critical analysis of information system implemented in organizations. In order to implement effective information system in the organization it is important to undergo social political legal economic and marketing analysis of the company and information technology industry. The new advances are higher in the field of information technology. The significant gain is higher in the technological fields and it faces limitations and ethical issues. The society is dependent on the use of computer affairs. The growth and development of information technology are higher due to use of internet and saving the personal data of users. The lack of scientific integrity is observed in organizations. The illegal downloading of software result in adverse effect and data loss of organization. The use of social networks is higher to improve the performance and outcomes of the companies (Albrecht, Thompson, Hoopes, & Rodrigo, 2010). The issues faced by companies can be resolved by having effective computer systems. The legal issues can be resolved under the rules and regulations of the company.

Argument	Ethics in information technology is important because it develops the trend of trust, integrity, excellence of resources, and responsibility.
Topic Sentence	Issues relevant to the IT industry
Premise	· Development of integrity, the trend of trust, and responsibility · Resolving ethical, political, social media, economic, marketing, and legal issues related to the Information Technology industry
Sound Argument	Yes
Why?	Research has proved that ethics are highly important in IT as without ethics trust and integrity-related goals cannot be accomplished.
Inductive Argument?	Yes
Why?	The argument itself support the generalized conclusion.
Another type of argument	No, the argument is the only inductive argument.
Conclusion	The information technology is facing the different challenges and questions related to new ethical considerations for society and individuals because they provide the opportunity to have intense is social change. In the information system political, social, and ethical issues are closely related to each other. Use of new information technology introduced ripple effect on the current equilibrium and result in the political, ethical, and social issues that must be resolved individually, politically, and socially.

Argument	The growth and development of information technology are higher due to use of internet and saving the personal data of users.
Topic Sentence	Self-directed learning
Premise	· saving the personal data of users and use of internet · The illegal downloading of software result in adverse effect and data loss of organization.
Sound Argument	Yes
Why?	The argument is sound is it is based on the conclusion that is accepted by the research studies.
Inductive Argument?	Yes
Why?	As it is based on evidence supporting the generalized conclusion.
Another type of argument	It is an inductive kind of argument.
Conclusion	The new advances are higher in the field of information technology. The significant gain is higher in the technological fields, and it faces limitations and ethical issues. The society is dependent on the use of computer affairs. The growth and development of information technology are higher due to use of internet and saving the personal data of users. The lack of scientific integrity is observed in organizations. The illegal downloading of software result in adverse effect and data loss of organization. The use of social networks is higher to improve the performance and outcomes of the companies.
Argument	The business organization consider legal framework that defines structure of the company with understanding of liability, risk, and profit dispersals. Business practices are a well-defined way to attempt most effective business.
Topic Sentence	Concepts of business organization
Premise	· The impact of business practice is on the development of a new market and to increase the sales · To reduce the cost and to make the business more efficient.
Sound Argument	Yes
Why?	The argument is sound is it is based on the conclusion that is accepted by the research studies.
Inductive Argument?	Yes
Why?	As it is based on evidence supporting the generalized conclusion.
Another type of argument	It is an inductive kind of argument.
Conclusion	The concept of business organization can be defined as the business is formed by combined efforts of single person, two people, and a group of persons. The business organization carry commercial enterprises to provide products, services and sometimes both product and services and in exchange they get payment from the customers

Conclusion on Professional Computing Practice

The aim of the present report was to analyses computing ethics in information technology. The report considered complexity related to computer ethical issues and available legal tools. Different considerations about business practices, business organization, marketing principles, and ethical theories are considered. Some factors having impact on the information technology are physical, social media, political, marketing, legal, and economic issues. All the issues are highly interrelated with each other. At the end of report self-directed learning outcomes are also mentioned. Some solutions to resolve the issues information technology system are recommended.

References of Professional Computing Practice

Abd, A., Lokman, A. M. & M.Y, Z., 2011. Information Technology Ethics: The Conceptual Model of Constructs, Actions and Control Measure. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering , 03(06), pp. 01-10.

Albrecht, C., Thompson, J. A., Hoopes, J. L. & Rodrigo, P., 2010. Business Ethics Journal Rankings as Perceived by Business Ethics Scholars. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(02), pp. 227-237.

Computer majors. com, 2013. Ethics and the Information Technology Industry. [Online]
Available at: http://www.computermajors.com/it-articles/ethics-in-information-technology-industry.aspx

Godfrey, P. C. & Hatch, N. W., 2007. Today's Ethical Issues: Perspectives from the Business Academic Community. Journal of Business Ethics, 01(01), pp. 87-98.

It. uu. se, 2019. Ethics in IT. [Online]
Available at: https://www.it.uu.se/research/project/itethics

Levy, Y. & Ellis, T. J., 2006. A Systems Approach to Conduct an Effective Literature Review in Support of Information Systems Research. Informing Science Journal, 09(01), pp. 181-190.

McCarthy, R. V., Halawi, L. & Aronson, J. E., 2005. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ETHICS: A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK. Issues in the information systems, 06(02), pp. 64-70.

Menon, A. & Menon, A., 2000. Entrepreneurial Marketing Strategy: The Emergence of Corporate Environmentalism as Market Strategy. Journal of Marketing, 61(01), pp. 51-67.

Monica, F.-S., Mike, K., Pietro, M. & Veronica, M., 2007. TOWARDS A DEFINITION OF A BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. International journal of operations and production management, 27(08), pp. 748-801.

Rogerson, S., 2007. Ethics and Information Technology. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 04(02), pp. 01-10.

Sargolzaei, E. & Nikbakht, M., 2017. The Ethical and Social Issues of Information Technology: A Case Study. (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 08(10), pp. 138-145.

Serenko, A. & Bontis, N., 2009. A citation-based ranking of the business ethics scholarly journals. Int. J. Business Governance and Ethics, 04(04), pp. 390-400.

Stahl, B. C., Eden, G., Jirotka, M. & Coeckelbergh, M., 2014. From computer ethics to responsible research and innovation in ICT: The transition of reference discourses informing ethics-related research in information systems. Information & Management, 51(06), pp. 810-818.

Stahl, B. C., Timmermans, J. & Flick, C., 2017. Ethics of Emerging Information and Communication Technologies. Science and Public Policy, 44(03), pp. 369-381.

Waller, D. S. & Lanis, R., 2009. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure of Advertising Agencies: An Exploratory Analysis of Six Holding Companies' Annual reports. Journal of Advertising, 38(01), pp. 109-122.