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UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIXAPA FORMAT GUIDELINES (5thEd.)(Information referenced from Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5thEd., 2001)Title Page double-spaced, upper & lowercase, include a page header, number as page 1 (pp. 296-298). APA contents of title pageare listed on pp. 10-11. UOP Title page content differsfrom APA regarding the order & elements to include on the title page. UOP title page should include the following elements in this order centered on the page:Title of paper, author’s name, University of Phoenix, Course # and title, Group #, Faculty member’s name, and date of submission. Fontstyle preferred isTimes Roman or Courier. Fontsize is 12pt. Font for description of figures should be Sans Serif (p. 285, 5.02).Page Headersfirst two or three words of the title. Type five spaces to the left of page # (p. 288, 5.06 and 296), sample paper (p.306). Do not confuse with running head!Double spaceeverything including title page and block quotes(p.239, 4.03).Marginsall four sides 1". This is a UOP guideline. (APA states at least 1", p. 240, 4.04).Page numbers1" from right edge, between top edge & first line of text on all pages. Title page is #1(p. 241, 4.06).Running Head not required for APA papers unless specifically assigned. If used, type flush left at top of title page, below page header, in all uppercase letters (p 296, 5.15). See sample paper (p. 306).I do not require a running head.Table of Contentsnot utilized in APA. Use headings and introduction paragraph to organize your paper.Abstractsare onlyused for UOP papers if required by the assignment. When assigned, use p. 298, 5.16. I do not require abstracts.Title of PaperType in upper & lowercase letters, center on firstpage of text, double space then start text (p.298, 5.17).Headingsindicate organization of paper and establish importance. Match to complexity of paper. Use at least Level 1to better organize paper. Title of paper (centered upper and lowercase) on first page, is not considered a separate heading level. If the paper requires two headings, use levels 1 & 3; if three headings use levels 1, 3, & 4 (pp. 111-115, 3.30-3.32). See manuscript ex. pp. 307-8. Alignmentis flush-left style leaving right margin ragged. Do not divide words or hyphenate at the end of the line (p.287, 5.04). Paragraphsindented 5-7 spaces or ½ inch. Use tab key for consistency (p. 289, 5.08). Should contain 1 topic. Do not use1 sentence paragraphs or lengthy paragraphs (p. 36).Turn on widow and orphan protection(control).Punctuation only one space after periods, commas, colons, semi-colons, exceptions (p. 290, 5.11) uses of (pp. 78-88). Hyphenate phrases used as an adjective, all self-compounds, and an adjective-and-noun compound adjective (p. 93, 3.11) Use commas (including before andand or) in a series of three or more (p. 78, 3.02 and pp. 115-117). Place periods and commas withinclosing quotation marks but place other punctuation marks inside quotations only when they are part of the quoted material (p. 119, 3.36).Abbreviations(pp. 103-104, 3.20) First time spell out (p. 104, 3.21). Abbreviations accepted as words (p. 105, 3.22). When to use periods with abbreviations (p. 110, 3.27).Pluralsof abbreviations (pp. 110-111, 3.28) of numbers (p. 130, 3.49) preferred spelling (p. 89, 3.10).And vs. & (Ampersand) When to use each (p. 209, 3rdexample; and 224, third paragraph from bottom of page).Numbersin general express in words for numbers less than ten, however there are many rules and exceptions to rules (pp. 123-128). In the Reference List, use Arabic numbers (even though the source may have used Roman numerals). Measurements shouldbe in metric units if possible (p. 130, 3.50).Capitalization & Italics (pp.94-100, 3.13-3.18). Following a colon (p. 80, 3.04). Use italics for titles of books and periodicals and the first time a key word is introduced/used (p. 100 3.14).Citation of references in textadhere to guidelines (pp. 207-214, 3.94-3.103).General & problematic examples:When paraphrasing or referringto an author’s work: Cite author(s) and year (pp. 120-121, 3.39) Example: (Smith, 1997).When quoting directly, cite author(s), year, & page number (pp. 117-118, 120-121). Ex: “take me home to Kansas” (Smith, 1997, p.2). Quotations of more than 40 words use block quotations (p. 117). If electronic media; cite paragraph or page number (¶12). The pilcrow symbol (¶) is ASCII 0182.Citing a secondary sourceif you do not have primary source (p. 245, #17, p. 247, #22). Example: Orem (as cited in Smith, 1997).Citing personal communications(p. 214, 3.102). Example: A. C. Smith (personal communication, February 14, 1997). Reference liststarts on new page, titled Reference(s), centered in upper & lowercase letters, needs a page header and page number. Alphabetize by author name, double space, hanging indent (1st line of each entry flush left, indent subsequent lines 5-7 spaces (p.216, p. 229, 5.18, & p. 219, 4.04). Citation in text mustspecifically match reference page (p. 215, 4.01). Follow examples on pages 223-281. UOP guidelines requiremore than one reference unless the paper is an article analysis. Number & variety of references should match the complexity of assignment. Use scholarly journals only. Titles of books, periodicals, and microfilm publications are italicized. References contain three parts with each part followed by a period and one space. Exception:If the source in part #3 is an Internet URL, do not use a period. (1) Author, A. A. (year). (2) Title of work –or-Title of chapter, Title of book (pp. xx-xx). –or-Title of journal article. Title of Periodical, volume, pages. (3) Publication location: Publisher. –or-[nothing in the case of a printed periodical] –or-Retrieved month day, year, from source.Appendix, Tables, & FiguresAppendixes:pp. 205-206, 3.90 and pp. 299-300, 5.19. Tables: pp. 147-176, 3.62-2.74. See table checklist on pp. 175-176. Figures: pp. 176-201, 3.75-3.86. See figure checklist on p. 201. I prefer all tables and figures in the body of the text. Please do not use tablesor figures for decoration only.
UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIXSTYLE GUIDELINES (5thEd.)(Information referenced from Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5thEd., 2001)Introduction (pp.15-16) No heading, identified by position. Provides sufficient background of topic and previews major points.Purpose. Identifies what will be“studied” or “discussed.” The major points of the introduction should match the assignment. Adding a statement as to why the issue is important adds strength to the paper.Body of the paperDelivers what is described in the introductionIdeas flow in logical sequenceMajor points are organized using headings and supported with referencesIdeas are stated clearly and conciselyTransition sentences bridge topicsConclusion for research papers (p. 26, 1.11).All other types of papers:Flows logically from the paperSummarizes major pointsLeaves the reader with a final thought to take away, lends strength and power.Is not identified by a heading of Conclusion or Summary unless specified by a particular assignmentDo use:Varied sentence length (p. 36, 2.04)Careful and scholarly word choice (p. 36, 2.03)Active voice (pp. 41-42, 2.06)Do not use:Bullets (too casual)Biased language (pp. 61-76) Covers all types; gender, age, disabilities, etc.Contractionsare too casual and considered slang.Colloquial expressions (e.g. write upfor report, p. 37)BoldfaceJargon like sundowner, RN Twos, knife and gun club (p. 35, 2.03).Slang or ironic comment, introduce with double quotation marks first time only (e.g. she is not quite “normal”, (p. 82, 3.06).Wordinessbe concise and precise, say exactly what you mean, do not add flowery adjectives to scholarly writing (p. 35, 2.03).Grammar:Editorial we(p. 39, 2.04) For clarity restrict your use of we, instead use nurses, or educators, or humans.First personuse third person unless otherwise indicated by the assignment or instructor. “I” generally refers to your own opinion. It’s vs. its(it’s means it is) (its shows possession).Pronouns-ambiguity and congruence (p. 36, 2.04 and 47-50, 2.08)Parallel ConstructionMake certain that all elements of the parallelism are present before and after the coordinating conjunction (ie., and, but, or, nor). (pp. 57-60, 2.11).Subject/Verb agreement(p. 44, 2.07)Thatvs. which: That clauses are restrictive; whereas, which clauses are nonrestrictive (p. 54, 2.10) Plagiarism: Need to give credit (pp. 348-349, 8.05 and principle6.22). This is a serious omission. Do not claim the words or ideas of another as your own, give credit each timeyou paraphrase an author.YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE QUALITY OF YOUR PAPER: CORRECT SPELLING, PUNCTUATION, GRAMMAR, ACCURATE REFERENCES, ETC. (p. 284).FOR UPDATES AND CHANGES FROM THE 4THEDITION TO THE 5THEDITION, REFER TO THE APA STYLE WEB SITE: www.apastyle.orgSTAPLE YOUR PAPER IN THE UPPER LEFT CORNER FOR SUBMISSION (NO BINDER)FOR MULTIMEDIA TUTORIALS DEMONSTRATING EACH STYLE AND FORMATTING GUIDELINE, VISIT MY WEB SITE: www.JoleneMorris.com/forstudents/apa.htm