5.1 cell division and the cell cycle answers

Name:       Sec:      

Chapter 5: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Module 5.1. Cell division provides for reproduction, growth, and repair

1. The idea that all life is based on cells and that cells come only from other cells is known as the      .

2. Which of the following is a function of cell division?

A) |_| Growth of the organism

B) |_| Production of egg and sperm

C) |_| Replacement of lost cells or repair

D) |_| All of the above

3. You are not identical to either of your parents. Briefly explain why this is true.

4. Complete the following table (yes or no) regarding reproduction:

Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Requires egg and sperm

Involves fertilization

Produces genetically identical offspring

Produces genetically different offspring

Module 5.2 Chromosomes are associations of DNA and protein.

5. The genetic molecule of all organisms is      , which contains many sets of codes called that are used to manufacture proteins within cells.

6. Fill in the missing components of the following diagram:

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B

A

a.      

b.      

7. Inside a cell is DNA associated with proteins. The combination of protein and DNA is known as:

A) |_| a centromere

B) |_| chromatin

C) |_| sister chromatids

D) |_| a gene

UN_05_0028. Complete the following diagram, which represents chromosomes:

A

C

B

a.      

b.      

c.      

9. Two chromatids attached by a centromere are referred to as sister chromatids. How many total chromatids does a human cell contain after the DNA has been duplicated?

10. True or false; If false, make a true statement: Only .5% of your DNA accounts for your unique characteristics.

11. Complete the following table regarding condensed and uncondensed chromosomes:

Condensed chromosomes

Uncondensed chromosomes

Made of chromatin?

Has a centromere?

Consists of sister chromatids?

Contains genes?

Module 5.3 Cells have regular cycles of growth and division.

12. The       is the series of events that occurs from the time a cell is created until the time it divides.

13. Complete the following table (yes or no) comparing interphase with mitotic phase.

Interphase

Mitotic phase

Chromosomes are condensed

Cell is performing normal functions

Chromosome duplication occurs

Cell is dividing

Sister chromatids are evenly distributed into two new cells

14. The cell in the following figure is most likely in which phase of the cell cycle?

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15. During which specific stage of the cell cycle is the cytoplasm distributed, creating two new cells?

A) |_| Cytokinesis

B) |_| Mitosis

C) |_| Interphase

D) |_| None of the above

16. True or false; If false, make it a true statement: Most nerve cells rarely undergo cell division.

Module 5.4 During mitosis, the nucleus is divided.

17. Chromosomes are duplicated during      .

18. Complete the following figure, which illustrates the phases of the cell cycle:

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B

A

D

C

a.      

b.      

c.      

d.      

19. Sister chromatids are attached at the:

A) |_| centromere

B) |_| chromatid

C) |_| interphase

D) |_| mitotic spindle

20. Is the cell in the following image in interphase or mitosis? Briefly explain your answer either way.

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21. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

A) |_| Nucleus reforms, chromosomes align, chromosomes split, chromosomes condense

B) |_| Chromosomes condense, chromosomes align, chromosomes split, nucleus reforms

C) |_| Chromosomes split, chromosomes condense, chromosomes align, nucleus reforms

D) |_| Chromosomes condense, nucleus reforms, chromosomes split, chromosomes align

22. The nuclear membrane breaks down during      .

Module 5.4 During cytokinesis, the cell is split in two.

23. Division of the cytoplasm into two new cells is referred to as:

A) |_| interphase

B) |_| mitosis

C) |_| cytokinesis

D) |_| mitotic phase

24. The process by which cytokinesis occurs in animal cells is known as      .

25. A cell biologist is studying cell division using the cells of a frog. Using a microscope to study the cells, she observes the cell in the following figure. She immediately determines the cell is in cytokinesis. What about the cell has led her to make this determination?

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26. Label the following plant cell with the following terms: cell wall , cell plate , and chromosomes.

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C

B

A

a.       c.      

b.      

27. Complete the following table contrasting cytokinesis in plant and animal cells (yes or no):

Animal cell

Plant cell

Cleavage furrow

Cell plate

28. A scientist adds a chemical to a dividing plant cell that keeps the cell plate from forming during cytokinesis. The chemical does not inhibit any other aspect of cell division except the formation of the cell wall through the inhibition of the cell plate. What is the result of this experiment? Briefly describe what the resulting cell or cells would be like.