Week Three Quiz
PSY/245 r2
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week Three Quiz
�1 When we do an experiment , we
�1 measure independent variables
�1 produce dependent variables
�1 produce control variables
�1 produce a comparison
�1 hold independent variables constant
�1 The control group in an experiment
�1 fixes the level of a variable across all experimental conditions
�1 is often untreated
�1 receives the same level of the independent variable as the experimental group
�1 refers to the manipulation of the independent variable
�1 In research on the decompression of pregnant rats, the independent variable is __________, a dependent variable is __________, and a control variable is __________.
�1 reduced air pressure; behavioral tests; strain of the rat
�1 body weight; climbing ability; time of day
�1 atmospheric pressure; age of rat; climbing ability
�1 number of decompressions; body weight; home cage
�1 experimental group; control group; test performance
�1 In experiments, independent variables are
�1 the result of careful measurements
�1 extraneous to the experiment and held constant
�1 extraneous to the experiment and allowed to vary randomly
�1 independent of experimenter control
�1 varied by the researcher
�1 Dependent variables are
�1 manipulated by the researcher
�1 potential independent variables that are held constant
�1 measured by the researcher
�1 probable behavioral causes
�1 One reason a valid experiment may produce null results is that
�1 the range of levels in the independent variable was insufficient to show an effect
�1 the dependent variable reflects a broad range of performance
�1 the experiment is conducted in an environment that is too difficult
�1 reactivity occurs in the participants (such as, they adopt the role of "good behavior")
�1 In experiments, the independent variable should be __________, the dependent variable should be __________, and the control variable should be __________.
�1 controlled; constant; randomized
�1 constant; an effect; causal
�1 free; restricted; elevated
�1 balanced; unconfounded; an effect
�1 manipulated; measured; held constant
�1 An interaction occurs when
�1 an independent variable effects a dependent variable
�1 one independent variable effects a second independent variable
�1 the effect one dependent variable has is not the same at each level of a second dependent variable
�1 the effect one independent variable has is not the same at each level of a second independent variable
�1 The Hawthorne effect is an example of
�1 experimenter bias
�1 reactivity in an experiment
�1 participant observation
�1 unobtrusive outcomes
�1 A variable that inadvertently causes an experimental result is
�1 confounded with the dependent variable
�1 confounded with the independent variable
�1 confounded with the control variables
�1 unlikely to be important in experiments
�1 Construct validity permits one to
�1 generalize
�1 attribute causality
�1 have confidence in constructs
�1 support the hypothesis
�1 A source of construct invalidity is
�1 bias
�1 random error
�1 carry-over effects
�1 counterbalancing
�1 If a study has external validity, one is entitled to
�1 generalize
�1 attribute causality
�1 have confidence in constructs
�1 support the hypothesis
�1 Internal validity allows one to
�1 generalize
�1 attribute causality
�1 have confidence in constructs
�1 support the hypothesis
�1 Which of the following is the most likely to have the greatest internal validity?
�1 Surveys
�1 Case studies
�1 Relational research
�1 Experiments
�1 Test reliability determined by a correlation between scores from the same test taken at two different times is called
�1 test-retest reliability
�1 parallel forms reliability
�1 split-half reliability
�1 predictive reliability
�1 Statistical reliability determines whether results
�1 will occur five percent of the time
�1 occur because of chance
�1 are internally valid
�1 are produced by bias
�1 A major threat to internal validity is
�1 confounding
�1 deviant-case analysis
�1 truncated range
�1 dependent variables
�1 A type of validity that is specifically concerned with being able to make causal statements about relationships between variables is __________ validity.
�1 external
�1 internal
�1 construct
�1 predictive
�1 A replication of research helps to determine __________ validity.
�1 construct
�1 external
�1 internal
�1 predictive
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