Albrecht's research on stress in the workplace

Question 1

A collective term for the economic, occupational, and educational factors that influence an individual's relative position in society defines _____

Select one:

a. historical racism.

b. the secondary appraisal.

c. the biopsychosocial theory.

d. socioeconomic status.

Question 2

ANo _____ is any stimulus or event capable of producing physical or emotional stress.

Select one:

a. catastrophe

b. coping mechanism

c. uplift

d. stressor

Question 3

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, successful resolution of the Oedipus complex leads to _____

Select one:

a. a little boy's identification with his father.

b. privilege envy.

c. a little boy's identification with his mother.

d. a little girl's identification with her father.

Question 4

According to Freud, the three levels of awareness are _____

Select one:

a. id, ego, superego.

b. environment, behavior, thoughts.

c. preconscious, conscious, unconscious.

d. pleasure principle, libido, reality principle.

Question 5

According to Maslow, the need to _____ must be met before _____.

Select one:

a. feel safe; biological needs are satisfied

b. self-actualize; the need to feel secure

c. feel loved; security needs are met

d. feel competent and gain respect from others; one can begin to self-actualize

Question 6

According to the psychoanalytic theory, being aware about how you feel taking this exam right now would be located in your _____ awareness, whereas information to answer the question "What color is your vehicle?" would be available in your _____

Select one:

a. unconscious; id.

b. ego; unconscious.

c. conscious; preconscious.

d. unconscious; preconscious.

Question 7

According to the psychoanalytic theory, the structure of personality that operates on the reality principle is the _____

Select one:

a. ego ideal.

b. superego.

c. ego.

d. id.

Question 8

According to the _____, a person's state of well-being can be threatened by major life changes.

Select one:

a. general adaptation syndrome

b. life events approach

c. concept of resiliency

d. approach-approach conflict

Question 9

Alfred Adler's theory is called _____ because of its emphasis on the uniqueness of the person.

Select one:

a. holistic psychology

b. individual psychology

c. the trait theory

d. analytical psychology

Question 10

All but one of the following statements are correct. Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS is NOT correct?

Select one:

a. HIV/AIDS is primarily a problem for gay men.

b. In the United States, about 11% of those with HIV/AIDS contracted it through sharing needles for drug use.

c. Women make up a substantial portion of those infected with HIV.

d. Circumcision reduces the risk of HIV transmission.

Question 11

Based on research by Leitenberg and Henning (1995), _____ of males report having sexual fantasies; _____ of women report having sexual fantasies.

Select one:

a. 55%; 25%

b. 65%; 45%

c. 75%; 40%

d. 95%; 95%

Question 12

Chronic oversecretion of _____, a hormone produced by the pancreas, stimulates hunger and often leads to obesity.

Select one:

a. insulin

b. cholecystokinin (CCK)

c. glucose

d. melatonin

Question 13

Conditions of worth are to _____ as fixations are to _____

Select one:

a. Albert Bandura; Sigmund Freud.

b. Carl Rogers; Sigmund Freud.

c. Raymond Cattell; Carl Jung.

d. Abraham Maslow; Carl Jung.

Question 14

Consider the theories of both Eysenck and Goldberg. Which of the following dimensions of personality do their theories share?

Select one:

a. extraversion

b. openness

c. conscientiousness

d. self-esteem

Question 15

Dependability and reliability describe two aspects of the _____ factor of the five-factor model.

Select one:

a. extraversion

b. openness to experience

c. sociability

d. conscientiousness

Question 16

Elsie has always wanted to work for a prestigious computer company located in sunny California. When she was offered the job, it was everything she could wish for. Then she was told that for the first two years, she would have to train in Minnesota. Elsie despises cold weather, so she is now faced with the _____ conflict.

Select one:

a. approach-avoidance

b. approach-approach

c. attend-avoidance

d. approach-attend

Question 17

Erin is being treated for diabetes by her physician. She knows there is no medical cure, so she is taking a supplement she found testimonials for on the internet. Erin does not want to tell her physician because she might disapprove or laugh at her. Erin is using aNo _____ treatment and running the serious risk it will _____

Select one:

a. quack; not work.

b. alternative; interact with her treatment.

c. complementary; embarrass her.

d. illegal; get her sent to jail.

Question 18

Exercise that uses large muscle groups in continuous, repetitive action and increases heart and respiration rate is _____ exercise.

Select one:

a. anaerobic

b. strength training

c. aerobic

d. stress

Question 19

Geoff works on the psychiatric floor of the hospital. He is responsible for properly diagnosing individuals upon admittance to the hospital. Which of the following tools would be most helpful to him considering his position at the hospital?

Select one:

a. California Personality Inventory

b. Thematic Apperception Test

c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

d. Connors Rating Scales

Question 20

Granderson is a very neat guy. While he is creative in his thinking, he does not get to the point where he loses touch with reality. Similarly, because he's not too rigidly tied to the material world, he's creative enough to veer from strict conventional thinking. Which of the Eysenck traits are likely being described here?

Select one:

a. openness

b. psychoticism

c. neuroticism

d. locus of control

Question 21

Hans Eysenck proposed that all three of the personality dimensions he studied are rooted in _____

Select one:

a. self-efficacy.

b. neurological functioning.

c. an equal balance of genetics and the environment.

d. behavioral shaping.

Question 22

Having a distorted perception of one's own body, weighing less than one should based on height and weight, and having an intense fear of becoming overweight are symptoms of _____, whereas the act of bingeing (and feeling one has lost control during the binge) and purging are symptoms of _____

Select one:

a. anorexia nervosa; lateral hypothalamus damage.

b. bulimia nervosa; binge eating disorder.

c. anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa.

d. ventromedial hypothalamus damage; lateral hypothalamus damage.

Question 23

Having a strong feeling of guilt for minor mistakes may be a reflection of aNo _____

Select one:

a. weak subconscious.

b. strong superego.

c. strong ego.

d. overextended id.

Question 24

Imagine you were engaged in a conversation about politics. Information to answer the question "What color is your vehicle?" would be located in the _____ according to the psychoanalytic theory.

Select one:

a. preconscious

b. conscious

c. unconscious

d. superego

Question 25

In Freud's theory, the logical, rational, and largely conscious system of personality is the _____

Select one:

a. superego.

b. preconscious.

c. phallic stage.

d. ego.

Question 26

In the _____, a person cognitively evaluates available resources and options prior to deciding how to deal with a stressor.

Select one:

a. primary appraisal

b. approach-avoidance conflict

c. adjustment phase

d. secondary appraisal

Question 27

It is important to tell your medical treatment provider about any herbs, vitamins, or food supplements you are taking so that ____

Select one:

a. they can approve or disapprove of them.

b. they can prove to you whether they work.

c. they can tell you if they will interact with your treatment.

d. they can report scams to the FDA.

Question 28

Jane is at the stage of her life in which she is interested in female friends and playing soccer. She also has taken interest in her science class because she thinks the teacher lets the students do cool experiments. According to the psychosexual stages of development, Jane is in the _____ stage.

Select one:

a. latency

b. oral

c. genital

d. phallic

Question 29

Jaque is a psychoanalytic therapist. Which of the following personality tests would he find most useful?

Select one:

a. California Personality Inventory

b. any rating scale

c. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

d. any projective test

Question 30

Jessica is a highly successful, young professional. Although she is definitely ambitious, she does not seem to be overly competitive, impatient, in a rush, or easily angered. Jessica likely exhibits _____

Select one:

a. Type B behavior pattern.

b. competitive personality disorder.

c. Type D behavior pattern.

d. Type C behavior pattern.

Question 31

Jolene frequently gets into fights at school. When asked about her behavior, she says that she just can't help but fight. According to the psychoanalytic theory, Jolene likely is being influenced by _____

Select one:

a. a strong id.

b. penis envy.

c. a solid ego ideal.

d. a weak preconscious.

Question 32

Jorinde recently immigrated to the United States from his home country. Though he can speak English quite well, he knows little about American history or ways of life. His overall plan is to learn as much as he can about the American culture. However, he still wants to maintain strong ties to his own culture. Which of the following is true regarding Jorinde?

Select one:

a. Jorinde has developed an integration orientation.

b. Unless he lets go of his cultural attitudes, Jorinde will never make it in America.

c. Jorinde should shift his focus to everything American, at least for the first few years.

d. Research shows that Jorinde should try to live in an area with others of his ethnic descent and keep to himself.

Question 33

Kevin works for his own gutter and siding company and loves that he gets to climb around and work outside. Marsha is an accountant who prefers to work in a cubicle protected from the elements of nature. According to Albrecht's research on stress in the workplace, Kevin and Marsha are both content with their respective _____

Select one:

a. physical variables.

b. workloads.

c. levels of mental stimulation.

d. variety of tasks.

Question 34

Lacie is known to most as outgoing and personable. She feels comfortable in a group of people and has never really been described as shy in any situation. Which factor of the five-factor model best relates to this scenario?

Select one:

a. neuroticism

b. openness to experience

c. agreeableness

d. extraversion

Question 35

Loelle has been on two tours of duty in Iraq and has directly engaged in combat. Though she has been home from the war for over a year, she is now experiencing problems concentrating, flashbacks of combat, and nightmares that severely interfere with her sleep. In an effort to quiet her mind, she has also started drinking alcohol. If Loelle goes to see a psychologist, she will likely be diagnosed with _____

Select one:

a. Type A behavior pattern.

b. severe alcoholism.

c. posttraumatic stress disorder.

d. Type B behavior pattern.

Question 36

Mateen works at a clinic that provides substance abuse counseling to adults in need. Which of the following inventories would be most useful to him in assisting the individuals he counsels?

Select one:

a. 16 PF

b. MMPI-2

c. California Personality Inventory

d. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Question 37

Only one of the following statements about the HPV vaccine is correct. Which of the following is statements is TRUE?

Select one:

a. The vaccine offers protection against all strains of HPV.

b. The vaccine is for both males and females.

c. The vaccine prevents the onset of cervical cancer in those who already have HPV.

d. Those who have been vaccinated need not practice safe sex, because the risk of any infection is quite low.

Question 38

Pedro is a psychologist. He has just given his client a checklist of 43 events to go through and has told his client to circle each event that she has experienced during the past year. When she is done, Pedro will add up the assigned point value of her experiences. This score will give him an understanding of her overall stress level and will help him predict her risk for a major health problem within the next two years. Which of the following tools is Pedro likely using with his client?

Select one:

a. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

b. Catastrophic Index (CI)

c. Biopsychosocial Approach to Health and Well-being (BAHW)

d. Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

Question 39

Shelley is currently undergoing treatment for an eating disorder. She reports to her therapist that food absolutely disgusts her. Her therapist, trained in psychoanalysis, immediately thinks of _____ as the potential cause.

Select one:

a. unsuccessful resolution of the phallic stage

b. unsuccessful resolution of the latency stage

c. an ineffective preconscious

d. problems in her life instinct

Question 40

Social support has been shown to reduce _____ and improve _____ in individuals who suffer from chronic illnesses.

Select one:

a. antibodies; glucocorticoids

b. self-esteem; independence

c. depression; self-esteem

d. complaining; self-sufficiency

Question 41

Tad and Lilly were standing in line to get coffee with about three other people. Within 10 seconds of waiting, Tad started complaining to anyone who would listen about the wait time and how ridiculous it was. Lilly was embarrassed by Tad's outburst of emotion. Which of the Eysenck traits are likely being described here?

Select one:

a. agreeableness

b. psychoticism

c. neuroticism

d. locus of control

Question 42

Tarrin is a teenager who is struggling with feelings of hostility and angst. Because she was arrested for vandalism, she was court-ordered to therapy. Her treatment goal is to understand these feelings or at least to learn how to keep them in check. If Freud were her psychoanalyst, he would speculate that her _____ was to blame for her hostility and angst.

Select one:

a. superego

b. death instinct

c. libido

d. life instinct

Question 43

Terri collapsed at work and had to be rushed to the hospital. While she was in the hospital, she revealed to the medical staff that she had been working more than 80 hours per week for the last month and never had time to sleep or eat right. Terri's collapse was likely due to the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Select one:

a. resistance

b. adaptation

c. exhaustion

d. alarm

Question 44

The central idea of psychoanalytic theory is that _____

Select one:

a. because all behavior is learned, it can be unlearned.

b. the environment affects behavior, which affects the cognitive factors in an individual.

c. one's perceived competence affects behavior and performance.

d. unconscious forces shape human thought and behavior.

Question 45

The most widely used personality inventory is the _____

a. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

b. MMPI-2.

c. Thematic Apperception Test.

d. California Personality Inventory.

Question 46

The _____ is part of the hypothalamus that acts as a feeding center to incite eating.

Select one:

a. geniculate nucleus

b. amygdala

c. ventromedial hypothalamus

d. lateral hypothalamus

Question 47

The _____ is to the pleasure principle as the _____ is to the reality principle.

Select one:

a. superego; conscious

b. ego ideal; conscience

c. id; ego

d. superego; ego

Question 48

The _____ phase comes before the _____ phase in the sexual response cycle.

Select one:

a. resolution; orgasm

b. excitement; plateau

c. arousal; excitement

d. orgasm; arousal

Question 49

Too little gratification during the anal stage may result in _____, whereas overindulgence during the anal stage may result in _____

Select one:

a. messiness; orderliness.

b. flirtatiousness; pride.

c. rebelliousness; hostility.

d. excessive cleanliness; messiness.

Question 50

Tso is a high-level executive at a large corporation. She is ultimately the decision maker when it comes to promoting and hiring employees. Which of the following would be most useful and helpful in assisting Tso with those important decisions?

Select one:

a. Thematic Apperception Test

b. California Personality Inventory

c. Rorschach Inkblot Method

d. MMPI-2

Question 51

Twyla enjoys her work immensely. However, she knows that she could increase her effectiveness if she were allowed to take a walk during her lunch hour instead being required to stay seated at her desk to eat lunch. According to Albrecht's research on stress in the workplace, which variable would describe Twyla's circumstance?

Select one:

a. accountability

b. workload

c. mental challenge

d. physical variables

Question 52

Unpleasant, argumentative, and cold would describe a _____ score on the _____ factor of the five-factor model.

Select one:

a. high; agreeableness

b. low; conscientiousness

c. low; extroversion

d. low; agreeableness

Question 53

What is accountability underload as it pertains to workplace stress?

Select one:

a. It occurs when people have the responsibility for the physical or psychological well-being of others but only a limited degree of control.

b. It is the stress that results from social factors such as poverty and unemployment.

c. It is defined by the lack of resources provided by the company for which an individual works.

d. It is when an employee views his/her job as meaningless because he/she is not accountable for much at work.

Question 54

When a decision a person is trying to make contains both desirable and undesirable features, the _____ conflict occurs.

Select one:

a. approach-approach

b. avoidance-avoidance

c. approach-attend

d. approach-avoidance

Question 55

When an individual feels that both health and illness are a product of psychological, biological, and social forces, he/she believes in the _____

Select one:

a. biomedical model.

b. western perspective of medicine.

c. biopsychosocial model.

d. scientific approach to medicine.

Question 56

When comparing men and women, _____ are _____ percent more likely to seek medical treatment.

Select one:

a. women; fifty

b. men; fifty

c. women; 10

d. men; 60

Question 57

When individuals engage in a particular behavior because they find it pleasurable in and of itself, they are said to be _____

Select one:

a. extrinsically motivated.

b. incentive driven.

c. intrinsically motivated.

d. swayed by incentives.

Question 58

When Nancy was 5 years old, she found her sister floating face down in the family swimming pool. She was highly traumatized by the event. As a young adult, however, she does not seem aware that she was the one to actually find her sister. According to the psychoanalytic theory, this information would likely be located in her _____

Select one:

a. unconscious.

b. ego.

c. superego.

d. preconscious.

Question 59

Which of the following defense mechanisms involves substituting a less-threatening object or person for the original object of a sexual or aggressive impulse?

Select one:

a. displacement

b. projection

c. rationalization

d. sublimation

Question 60

Which of the following genetic-based concepts is NOT discussed in the text as a possible explanation for the variation in body weight among individuals?

Select one:

a. leptin amount

b. metabolic rate

c. biochemical messages sent to the hypothalamus

d. adenovirus complications

Question 61

Which of the following is a component of the general adaptation syndrome?

Select one:

a. the secondary appraisal

b. adaptation

c. the alarm phase

d. the primary appraisal

Question 62

Which of the following is FALSE of Karen Horney?

Select one:

a. She rejected the idea that early experiences played a role in later personality development.

b. She believed that cultural and environmental variables were important in the development of personality.

c. She rejected the idea of penis envy.

d. She felt personality developed over an entire lifetime.

Question 63

Which of the following of Albrecht's workplace variables suggests that the actual layout of the work environment, temperature, and noise level are important factors in work-related stress?

Select one:

a. accountability

b. physical variables

c. mental challenge

d. human contact

Question 64

Which of the following psychologists initiated the positive psychology movement?

Select one:

a. Alfred Kinsey

b. David Buss

c. Martin Seligman

d. Clark Hull

Question 65

Which of the following researchers created the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, also known as the 16PF?

Select one:

a. Raymond Cattell

b. Abraham Maslow

c. Gordon Allport

d. Karen Horney

Question 66

Which of the following researchers developed the Thematic Apperception Test?

Select one:

a. Abraham Maslow

b. Henry Murray

c. David Buss

d. James Lange

Question 67

Which of the following researchers is known for his/her work with the surface and source traits?

Select one:

a. Hans Eysenck

b. Karen Horney

c. Raymond Cattell

d. Gordon Allport

Question 68

Which of the following theorists is considered a neo-Freudian?

Select one:

a. Julian Rotter

b. Alfred Adler

c. Albert Bandura

d. Gordon Allport

Question 69

Which of the following would NOT be considered stimulus motives?

Select one:

a. play

b. sleeping

c. the need to explore

d. curiosity

Question 70

While Sandy was engaging in sexual activity with her significant other, she noticed rhythmic muscle contractions and a period of time in which she felt that immense tension was released. Sandy likely just experienced the _____, which is a component of the sexual response cycle.

Select one:

a. orgasm

b. refractory period

c. excitement phase

d. resolution phase

Question 71

Workplace stress can be especially damaging to women's health and well-being because they are also more likely to experience _____ and have greater _____

Select one:

a. sex discrimination; family responsibilities.

b. menses; sensitivity.

c. emotional upset; vulnerability.

d. higher pay; power.

Question 72

Zakaria is currently working for a large company on a contract basis. The company needed some help changing the negative tone of the work environment. Zakaria came in and created a team-work training series for the company and also set up an incentive-based payment structure. Which of the following job titles does Zakaria likely have?

Select one:

a. psychiatrist

b. industrial/organizational psychologist

c. certified public accountant

d. shift supervisor

Question 73

_____ involves an experience of deep meaning, insight, and harmony within oneself and with the universe.

Select one:

a. An archetype

b. A peak experience

c. Catharsis

d. The collective unconscious

Question 74

_____ is a term used by evolutionary psychologists to denote the amount of time and effort men or women must devote to parenthood.

Select one:

a. Parental investment

b. The Yerkes-Dodson index

c. Resolute parenting

d. The child-rearing factor

Question 75

_____ results when the desire to engage in a particular behavior is to gain some reward or to avoid some undesirable consequence.

Select one:

a. Learned motivation

b. Intrinsic motivation

c. Incentive-based motivation

d. Extrinsic motivation