An introduction to music travel culture

An introduction to music – Travel – culture

Emily Smith

Unit 4 Part 3

JAZZ

the big band (swing) The 1930s

Characteristics of the swing era

Music: 1930s – emergence of the Big Band

Big Band Jazz – Big Band development caused by a need to fill dance halls

Texture: Homophonic

Form: Big Band Jazz, Scat Singing

Travel: New York and other areas of the United States

New York City

Composed of 5 Boroughs:

Manhattan

Queens

Brooklyn

Staten Island

The Bronx

Manhattan has:

Times Square

The World Trade Center

Central Park

Harlem

Myrtle Beach vs Manhattan

Total square miles:

Population:

Tourists per year:

23.6

22.82

32,795

1.665 million

14 million

62.8 million

62.8 million

X50

X4.5

New York City became important with its many Jazz clubs

52nd street in New York City became known as “Swing Street”

Harlem – main focal point of New York Jazz

Electric guitar became popular in Jazz

Charlie Christian credited for paving the way for the electric guitar sound

ELECTRIC GUITAR

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x52x5hjpD5k

Charlie Christian – Stompin’ at the Savoy

Charlie Christian 1916-1942

FORMS

Big band jazz

Saxophones (5)

Trumpets (2-4)

Trombones (4)

Rhythm Section:

Bass, Guitar, Drums, and Piano

A musical ensemble that consists of ten or more musicians in four sections (saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and rhythm section)

Big Band development caused by a need to fill dance halls

Black and white musicians began to integrate

Jimmy Lunceford Band – 1st integrated Jazz band

BIG BAND JAZZ

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mJ4dpNal_k

Benny Goodman Orchestra – Sing, Sing, Sing

Scat singing

An improvisational jazz singing style in which the voice is used in imitation of an instrument

Use of nonsense syllables

Ella Fitzgerald – Scat Singing

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xoSFyqW7JI

swing Musicians

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDQpZT3GhDg

Duke Ellington – It Don’t Mean a Thing (If it Ain’t Got That Swing)

Duke Ellington

1899-1974

Noted for his inventive use of the orchestra, or big band, and for his eloquence and charisma

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGD7yGxzFnQ

Cab Calloway – Minnie the Moocher

Cab Calloway

1907-1994

A master of energetic scat singing and led one of the United States' most popular big bands

Ella Fitzgerald

1917-1996

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vvb7GpCZew

Ella Fitzgerald – Georgia on my Mind

Referred to as the “First Lady of Song”, “Queen of Jazz”, and “Lady Ella”

She was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, intonation, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her scat singing

Billie Holiday

1915-1959

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnlTHvJBeP0

Billie Holiday – Strange Fruit

Nicknamed “Lady Day”

She was known for her vocal delivery and improvisational skills

Jazz after world war II

Characteristics of jazz: late 1940s to today

Music: late 1940s to the present include many changes and the emergence of many different styles

Texture: Mainly homophonic

Forms: Standard Jazz as well as free forms

Related to nonsense syllables in scat singing

Became known as Modern Jazz in the 1960s

BEBOP AND MODERN JAZZ

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5tRGMHfKrE

Dizzy Gillespie - Manteca

Dizzy Gillespie 1917-1993

Known as “Cool Jazz” - Created in Los Angeles to have a more laid back airy sound

Alternative to the frenetic sound of Bebop

WEST COAST JAZZ

Miles Davis – So What

Miles Davis 1926-1991

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=diHFEapOr_E

Experimental Jazz

Performers completely changed structural ground rules and tried to get away from the older sound

“AVANT GARDE” OR FREE STYLE JAZZ

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=saN1BwlxJxA

John Coltrane - Alabama

John Coltrane 1926-1967

Return to traditional Jazz

Added different elements such as gospel and soul music

HARD BEBOP

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqWLSe0FS0I

Charlie Mingus – Bass Solo

Charlie Mingus 1922-1979

Blend of Jazz and Rock elements

Resulted in a very unique sound which became popular with the general public

JAZZ-ROCK FUSION

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJunCsrhJjg

Jimi Hendrix – Purple Haze

Jimi Hendrix 1942-1970

Sound is less frantic, smoother, and more relaxing

Improvisations are more melodic and less dissonant

Referred to as elevator music or dentist music

SMOOTH JAZZ

Wes Montgomery – Windy

Wes Montgomery 1923-1968

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBGZgyl72_g

Attempt to restore older sound and structure of Jazz

Some synthesizers and other electronic instruments used

JAZZ FROM THE 1980S TO TODAY

Wynton Marsalis – Caravan

Wynton Marsalis 1961-

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHZRZOYdwHY