Article 38 icj statute

Ch. 12 SolutionsChapter Review Problems.1.Tyndall Effecta.The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloidal particles dispersed in a transparent medium.b.The ability to see a headlight beam as it shines through fog.2.Use the Tyndall effect. Shinea beam through the mixture. If it is a solution, no light scattering will be observed. If it is a colloid the light will be scattered. If a suspension, the light will be blocked, and the particles will settle. You could also look at the mixtures. If particles visible with the naked eye or a magnifying lens, then it is a suspension. If particles are visible with a microscope, it is a colloid. If no particles are visible with even a microscope, then it is a solution.3.A suspension consists of particlesthat are large enough to be viewed under a magnifying glass and microscope.4.No, a solution is any homogeneous mixture and can be gas/gas or solid/solid or gas/solid or solid/gas.5.An electrolyte is an ionic compound, which produces ions when dissolved in water, and therefore can conduct electricity. A nonelectrolyte is a molecular compound, which does not produce ions when dissolved in water, and therefore cannot conduct electricity.6.Equilibriuma.Solution equilibrium is the state in which the opposing forces of dissolution and crystallization of the solute are equal or the same.b.The factors affecting equilibrium point of a solution are the chemical nature of the solute, the chemical nature of the solvent, the temperature, and for gases, the pressure.7.Saturationa.A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum possible amount of dissolved solute in the given amount of solvent at the given temperature and pressure.b.Some solute will not dissolve and be visible in the mixture when it is at saturation.c.An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the solvent can contain at the given conditions.8.Solubilitya.In simplest terms; solubility is the ability to be dissolved. More complete; it is the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given amount of solvent at equilibrium under specific conditions.b.The amount of solvent, the temperature, and for gasses, the amount of pressure.9.General solubility rule:a.Like dissolves likeb.Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents10.Gas solubilitya.The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas. If the pressure goes up, the solubility goes up; if the pressure goes down, the solubility goes down.b.Henry’s Lawc.If the pressure has increased, the solubility will increase, so more gas can be dissolved.d.The warmer pop will effervesce (release gas) more. The pressure change is the same for both, so that solubility change is the same for both bottles. The warmer soda pop will have a lower solubility so more gas will come out of solution when it is opened.11.Solubilitya.Approximately 80 gb.Approximately 105 gc.Approximately 35 g12.More Solubilitya.Approximately 80 °C
b.Approximately 40 °Cc.Approximately 40 °C13.Enthalpy of Solutionsa.Inorganic: AgNO3(s)Ag+(aq)+ NO3−(aq)Thermodynamic: AgNO3 (s)+ 22.8 kJ/mol AgNO3 (aq)b.The dissolution process is endothermic (absorbs energy), the crystallization process is exothermic (releases energy)c.The temperature will go down and feel cool, as the solutedissolves.d.The rate of crystallization and rate of dissolution will be equal or the same at equilibrium.e.The rate of dissolution will initially increase, because the process needs to absorb energy to occur, by heating the solution you are adding energy that the dissolution process can use to dissolve more silver nitrate.f.The increased temperature will allow for more silver nitrate solute to be dissolved into solution. g.As it cools, the rate of crystallization will increase initially and the solubility of the solute will decrease.14.At equilibrium, dissolution and crystallization are opposing forces.15.The property of solutions that makes concentration calculations possible is the property that in solutions, solute particles are uniformly (evenly) distributed throughout the solvent. 16.mol / L(moles of solute per liter of solution)17.Molarity vs. Molalitya.Molarity is used when you want to know the number of particles (moles) of solute in a given volume of solution, as is common in titration reactions.b.Molality is used when you want to know the relative numbers of solute and solvent particles using molesand mass, and therefore not be concerned with volume changes due to temperature changes.18.NO!! The combined volume of the solute (KI) and the solvent (water) will not become 1 L of solution.19.Calculations 1a.Sodium carbonate solution1)106 gfrom the periodic table Na2CO32)0.167 M Na2CO3b.0.953 M NH4Br20.Calculations 2a.Sulfuric acid solution1)H2SO42)H2O3)343 g H2SO4b.1,140 g Ba(NO3)21.14 × 103g21.0.143 mol NaOH22.Calculations 4a.132.16 gb.3.998 M23.Calculations 5a.The first step is find the molar mass of AgNO3so you can find the moles of solute.b.169.88 gc.1000 mL1.0 × 103mL24.Calculations 6a.2퐻3푃푂4+3퐶푎(푂퐻)2→퐶푎3(푃푂4)2+6퐻2푂b.698 g Calcium phosphate, and 243 g Water.25.33.3 mL