As ecological development proceeds a biological community

An organism's biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring

Multiple Choice

· that it can produce.

· that survive to adulthood.

· its habitat can support.

· it produces at one time.

· it actually produces over its lifetime.

A dieback, or population crash, often occurs after a species ________ its environmental carrying capacity.

Multiple Choice

· meets

· overshoots

· undershoots

· oscillates around

· decreases

Which of the following is NOT generally true of k-selected species compared to r-selected species?

Multiple Choice

· they have shorter generation times

· they reach sexual maturity later

· they have fewer young

· they have longer life spans

· they have slower population growth rates

In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?

Multiple Choice

· carrying capacity geometric increase

· disruptive growth

· exponential growth

· logistic growth

· Malthusian growth

Most populations don't grow in size indefinitely. Instead population size hovers around its _______________ because the environment can only support so many individuals.

Multiple Choice

· biotic potential

· carrying capacity

· limit

· optimal size

· r-density

Ultimately, population size is controlled by

Multiple Choice

· average annual rainfall.

· climate

· light availability

· limited resources.

A biological community's primary productivity is a measure of

Multiple Choice

· its number of species.

· the number of individuals in the community.

· available solar energy that can be converted to biomass.

· the amount of biomass produced in the community.

· number of species and biomass.

In a biological community where diversity is great, such as a tropical rainforest, the abundance of any one species is likely to be

Multiple Choice

· great.

· small.

· widely variable from year to year.

· unrelated to diversity.

Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of

Multiple Choice

· species in the population.

· species at each trophic level.

· genetic variations within a species.

· primary producers available.

· species that recover from a disturbance.

A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few herbivores, and only one carnivore, has

Multiple Choice

· little complexity.

· little diversity.

· a great deal of complexity.

· low productivity.

· a great deal of productivity.

Which of these does NOT increase diversity?

Multiple Choice

· few niches

· habitat edges

· plenty of sunlight

· warm climate

· year-round moisture

If a community can support the same species even after a disturbance, we describe the community as

Multiple Choice

· being diverse.

· being stable.

· having a core habitat.

· successional.

Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.

Multiple Choice

· into a climax community; species replaces another

· and replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable

· on unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another

· and then fails; niche changes

· intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competition

As ecological development proceeds, a biological community

Multiple Choice

· gradually stagnates.

· becomes more diverse.

· goes through repeated secondary succession stages.

· goes through repeated primary succession stages.

· becomes less complex.

A climax community is one that

Multiple Choice

· is relatively stable and long lasting.

· lasts forever.

· contains oaks or white spruce.

· is impervious to disruption.

· is adapted to periodic disruption.

Which of these is a characteristic of a pioneer species?

Multiple Choice

· cannot tolerate high light conditions

· grow slowly

· need little water

· require many nutrients

In which situation would primary succession occur?

Multiple Choice

· A volcanic eruption covers an area with a thick layer of lava that cools to hardened rock.

· A forest fire burns all of the trees and shrubs in a large area of forest.

· An area of farmland is left alone and no longer farmed.

· A forest is clear cut, removing all of the vegetation.

· A grassland is burned leaving nothing but ash on the soil.

Clear cutting and removing all of the vegetation is an example of

Multiple Choice

· a disturbance.

· climax.

· instability

· succession.

Which of these would NOT be a benefit of a forest fire?

Multiple Choice

· cones open and seed coats split

· competition from the dominant species is diminished

· light is brought into the understory of the forest

· nutrients are removed from the soil

An organism's biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring

Multiple Choice

· that it can produce.

· that survive to adulthood.

· its habitat can support.

· it produces at one time.

· it actually produces over its lifetime.

A dieback, or population crash, often occurs after a species ________ its environmental carrying capacity.

Multiple Choice

· meets

· overshoots

· undershoots

· oscillates around

· decreases

Which of the following is NOT generally true of k-selected species compared to r-selected species?

Multiple Choice

· they have shorter generation times

· they reach sexual maturity later

· they have fewer young

· they have longer life spans

· they have slower population growth rates

In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?

Multiple Choice

· carrying capacity geometric increase

· disruptive growth

· exponential growth

· logistic growth

· Malthusian growth

Most populations don't grow in size indefinitely. Instead population size hovers around its _______________ because the environment can only support so many individuals.

Multiple Choice

· biotic potential

· carrying capacity

· limit

· optimal size

· r-density

Ultimately, population size is controlled by

Multiple Choice

· average annual rainfall.

· climate

· light availability

· limited resources.

A biological community's primary productivity is a measure of

Multiple Choice

· its number of species.

· the number of individuals in the community.

· available solar energy that can be converted to biomass.

· the amount of biomass produced in the community.

· number of species and biomass.

In a biological community where diversity is great, such as a tropical rainforest, the abundance of any one species is likely to be

Multiple Choice

· great.

· small.

· widely variable from year to year.

· unrelated to diversity.

Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of

Multiple Choice

· species in the population.

· species at each trophic level.

· genetic variations within a species.

· primary producers available.

· species that recover from a disturbance.

A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few herbivores, and only one carnivore, has

Multiple Choice

· little complexity.

· little diversity.

· a great deal of complexity.

· low productivity.

· a great deal of productivity.

Which of these does NOT increase diversity?

Multiple Choice

· few niches

· habitat edges

· plenty of sunlight

· warm climate

· year-round moisture

If a community can support the same species even after a disturbance, we describe the community as

Multiple Choice

· being diverse.

· being stable.

· having a core habitat.

· successional.

Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.

Multiple Choice

· into a climax community; species replaces another

· and replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable

· on unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another

· and then fails; niche changes

· intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competition

As ecological development proceeds, a biological community

Multiple Choice

· gradually stagnates.

· becomes more diverse.

· goes through repeated secondary succession stages.

· goes through repeated primary succession stages.

· becomes less complex.

A climax community is one that

Multiple Choice

· is relatively stable and long lasting.

· lasts forever.

· contains oaks or white spruce.

· is impervious to disruption.

· is adapted to periodic disruption.

Which of these is a characteristic of a pioneer species?

Multiple Choice

· cannot tolerate high light conditions

· grow slowly

· need little water

· require many nutrients

In which situation would primary succession occur?

Multiple Choice

· A volcanic eruption covers an area with a thick layer of lava that cools to hardened rock.

· A forest fire burns all of the trees and shrubs in a large area of forest.

· An area of farmland is left alone and no longer farmed.

· A forest is clear cut, removing all of the vegetation.

· A grassland is burned leaving nothing but ash on the soil.

Clear cutting and removing all of the vegetation is an example of

Multiple Choice

· a disturbance.

· climax.

· instability

· succession.

Which of these would NOT be a benefit of a forest fire?

Multiple Choice

· cones open and seed coats split

· competition from the dominant species is diminished

· light is brought into the understory of the forest

· nutrients are removed from the soil

An organism's biotic potential is the max

imum number of offspring

Multiple Choice

·

that it can produce.

·

that survive to adulthood.

·

its habitat can support.

·

it produces at one time.

·

it actually produces over its lifetime.

A dieback, or population crash, often occurs after a species ________ its env

ironmental

carrying capacity.

Multiple Choice

·

meets

·

overshoots

·

undershoots

·

oscillates around

·

decreases

Which of the following is NOT generally true of k

-

selected species compared to r

-

selected

species?

Multiple Choice

·

they have shorter generation times

·

they reach sexual maturity later

·

they have fewer young

·

they have longer life spans

·

they have slower popu

lation growth rates

In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population.

Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?

Multiple Choice

·

carrying capacity geometric increase

·

disr

uptive growth

·

exponential growth

·

logistic growth

·

Malthusian growth

Most populations don't grow in size indefinitely.

Instead population size hovers around its

_______________ because the environment can only support so many individuals.

An organism's biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring

Multiple Choice

 that it can produce.

 that survive to adulthood.

 its habitat can support.

 it produces at one time.

 it actually produces over its lifetime.

A dieback, or population crash, often occurs after a species ________ its environmental

carrying capacity.

Multiple Choice

 meets

 overshoots

 undershoots

 oscillates around

 decreases

Which of the following is NOT generally true of k-selected species compared to r-selected

species?

Multiple Choice

 they have shorter generation times

 they reach sexual maturity later

 they have fewer young

 they have longer life spans

 they have slower population growth rates

In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population.

Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?

Multiple Choice

 carrying capacity geometric increase

 disruptive growth

 exponential growth

 logistic growth

 Malthusian growth

Most populations don't grow in size indefinitely. Instead population size hovers around its

_______________ because the environment can only support so many individuals.