Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Benguiatitcbybt bold font

30/03/2021 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 2 Day

Volume 24 Number 3 August 2008 263-273

© 2008 Sage Publications 10.1177/1043986208318225

http://ccj.sagepub.com hosted at

http://online.sagepub.com

Risk Assessment in Organized Crime Developing a Market and Product-Based Model to Determine Threat Levels Jay S. Albanese Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond

The risk posed by organized crime is a central concern of governments around the world. The infiltration and control of legal and illegal markets and products is a major concern in nearly every country. New agencies and initiatives are under way in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Belgium, and elsewhere, with the specific purpose to better predict and detect organized crime activity. This article proposes a model to assess the risk of organized crime. It employs a different unit of analysis from most current models, focusing on illicit markets rather than groups, and it offers a practical alterna- tive for determining the presence of organized crime in areas that may or may not have a history of organized crime involvement.

Keywords: organized crime; risk assessment; prediction; illicit markets; threat assess- ment; criminal markets

Definition of Organized Crime

It is important to be clear about what we mean by organized crime. Too often, dis- cussions of organized crime lack focus because it is not clear what precisely is being talked about. Definitions of organized crime have been offered by a wide variety of authors and researchers over the years, and an analysis of those definitions is presented in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that authors have identified 11 different char- acteristics of organized crime in their definitions. When these are broken down, however, it is seen that 5 characteristics are most typical: organized continuing hier- archy, rational profit through crime, use of force or threat, corruption of public officials for immunity, and public demand for services. There seems to be less consensus about whether organized crime holds a monopoly over particular markets, has restricted membership, is nonideological, specializes in certain activities, has a code of secrecy, or engages in extensive planning of its activities.

A definition based on the consensus of these authors (see Table 1) would read, “Organized crime is a continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities that are often in great public demand. Its continuing existence is maintained through the use of force, threats, monopoly control, and/or the corruption

264 Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice

of public officials” (Albanese, 2007, p. 4). The precise size of the enterprise or group is not important to the definition; two persons are the minimum required to engage in a criminal conspiracy, so any group of two or larger suffices.

Organized crime can be described either by the activities it engages in or by the groups involved. Continuing criminal conspiracies that constitute organized crime require insiders and outsiders to connect suppliers with customers and also to protect the enterprise from law enforcement. Therefore, organized crime groups need to obtain the product (e.g., drugs, stolen property) and make it easily available to customers (e.g., movement from source to destination) while obtaining some “insurance” when members are caught or convicted (e.g., the need for corruption of public officials to protect the enterprise from disruption). All successful organized crime groups require these elements to survive and make a profit

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Innovative Writer
Homework Master
High Quality Assignments
Top Grade Essay
Financial Solutions Provider
Write My Coursework
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Innovative Writer

ONLINE

Innovative Writer

I am known as Unrivaled Quality, Written to Standard, providing Plagiarism-free woork, and Always on Time

$69 Chat With Writer
Homework Master

ONLINE

Homework Master

I will cover all the points which you have mentioned in your project details.

$104 Chat With Writer
High Quality Assignments

ONLINE

High Quality Assignments

Hello, I an ranked top 10 freelancers in academic and contents writing. I can write and updated your personal statement with great quality and free of plagiarism

$150 Chat With Writer
Top Grade Essay

ONLINE

Top Grade Essay

I am known as Unrivaled Quality, Written to Standard, providing Plagiarism-free woork, and Always on Time

$117 Chat With Writer
Financial Solutions Provider

ONLINE

Financial Solutions Provider

I am known as Unrivaled Quality, Written to Standard, providing Plagiarism-free woork, and Always on Time

$32 Chat With Writer
Write My Coursework

ONLINE

Write My Coursework

I will cover all the points which you have mentioned in your project details.

$99 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Therapy with Older Adults - C4 Due in 24 hours - Wendy Lewis 1 - Brazil imagined 1500 to the present - Project - Dr nathan currier psychiatrist - Timeline of early 20th century american literature - What is wasted energy - Salmonella in the caribbean summary - The rule that requires financial statements to reflect - Assignment Due Friday 9pm - Business analytics essay sample - Cornish place names meanings - 3430 to 3799 postcode - What is a non foliated rock - Idea fimit dea capital - Raisin and the sun pdf - Symbols of the eucharist worksheet - Poems for year 7 - Animation Study Assignment - Unit 4 Assignment - Research Paper 2- Topic Selection (HRM303) - "ALEKS" - Plant cell diagram with colour - Gilbert cell mixer analysis - Gsi 26 ice maker troubleshooting - Consumer health a guide to intelligent decisions 9th edition pdf - Knowledge Discovery and Reporting for Businesses - Corrections research paper and evaluation - Cloud Computing - Painting double hung windows - The professional reference guide for the catering and event industry - To siri with love judith newman summary - Human Development class discussion - Travelling salesman problem using hill climbing in java - Year 8 food technology - Lincoln electric company case study analysis - Virginia Bog Eared Bat - Biology Final - What is a habitat - I need 15000 Words on Instruction Research competitive company websites and social media to see what type of postings are done. - Project management plan wedding example - The darkest hour by caroline tung richmond chapter summaries - Stadium Funding and Operations - Intermediate accounting ch 23 solutions - Web services ppt slideshare - Ayr sexual health clinic - Predict the organic product s for the following reaction - Grignard reaction with bromobenzene and magnesium - Remote vocational training scheme - 2 student responses to the given slides - Aconséjeme un gimnasio barato y cerca de mi casa - Electric field mapping lab report answers - Sierra company manufactures woven blankets journal entry - Adobe reading untagged document - Recruitment Project - 1 2 3 let's go sound effect - Hogarth curve floral arrangement - Needs Analysis - Mathswatch circle theorems answers - True love by william shakespeare - Chinese accounting standards for business enterprises asbes - How long does atp-pc last - 2015 maths standard hsc - America's history land of liberty book 1 answers - A separate peace study guide - Bacterial Urogenital Diseases and Bacterial Upper Respiratory Diseases - Existentialism activities for groups - Why did miss muffet need a road map math worksheet - Free printable sticker charts - Uniform civil procedure rules 36.7 - Eli lilly diabetes case study - 8 vicars lane adelaide - Essay - Ethics in Business Essay: "Personal Values vs. Corporate Interests" - Read Carefully - Mettler toledo pipette calibration system - Cocoon dvr invalid password - Statistics and Data Analysis - A christmas carol blurb - One for all remote fetch tv - Royal north shore birthing unit - Slla test prep questions - Caltex oil lube guide - Week 5 socioautobiography audio powerpoint - Aldi electric multi slicer grater - Siemens et200m bf fault - Reply 1 HCL 7 - Royal north shore hospital car park - 5x 1 8x 23 - In visual basic ____ is the not equal to operator - TCOM_ Annotated Bibliography #1 Due - 60 lakeshore drive north avoca - How could worldcom scandal be prevented - The book thief images - Latitude and longitude lab earth science answer key - 2 page paper on traits and triggers profile - A capacity cushion is the amount of capacity less than expected demand. - Simply because we were licked - Criminal procedure - Effective communicators gain trust by seeking to understand others - Speed of a toy car lab report