Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Biology lab report example enzymes

22/10/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

Lab Report

Title: The Effect of Temperature and pH on Enzyme Activity

OBJECTIVE/INTRODUCTION

The purpose of our lab was to observe how the reaction rate of an enzyme increases or decreases when combined with different substrates. Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of biochemical reactions. The rate of these reactions can be affected by its environment: temperature and pH. Low temperatures can cause enzyme reaction rate to become inactive or very slow by causing less collision of molecules and high temperatures can cause enzymes to denature prompting the reaction rate to lessen. As temperature increases, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction should increase. Similarly, the pH of an environment can affect the shape of an enzyme decreasing or increasing its reaction. In addition, all enzymes have a different optimal pH. As pH increases, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction should increase. In this lab, to examine the effects of temperature and pH on the reaction rate of an enzyme, we utilized potato extract (catecholase) as our enzyme combined with the substrate catechol. We utilized the Spec 20 to determine the reaction rate of enzymes under different conditions because once the enzyme and substrate are combined in the test tube the reaction begins to occur forming benzoquinone. The product benzoquinone is a brown color and the darker the color the less light will be able to pass through the test tube causing the percentage of light absorbed to increase. The absorption of light will be measured by the Spec 20 allowing us to observe the enzymes reaction rate.

MATERIALS/METHOD

Spectrometer

Pipette

Catechol

Potato Extract

Glass Tubes

This lab was a two-part lab where we analyzed the rate of enzyme reactions at different temperatures and later we looked at how pH levels are affected by enzyme-catalyzed reactions. To test the effects of temperature on enzymatic reactions, we filled 5 test tubes with 4 mL of water and 1 mL of potato extract. Then we filled another tube, which we referred to as the blank, with 1 mL of potato extract and 6ml of water (the extra 2 mL of water is added to offset the 2mL of catecholase that will be added later). From here we put all the tubes except the blank, which served as the control of the experiment, into different temperature environments. The temperatures used were 0℃, 18 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃. We left the tubes in these conditions for 5 minutes before adding catechol to the tubes then we reinserted the tubes back in these temperature controlled environments for another 5 minutes. The next step after this was to test light absorbance through the use of the Photospectrometer (Spec 20). The higher the absorbance value determined the rate of the chemical reaction. For the section portion of the lab, we tried to see how pH balance affects enzymatic reaction rates. We filled the 5 tubes with 1 mL of potato extract and 4 mL of pH buffer solution. Each tube had varying pH buffer levels. The levels were pH levels of 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and of course the blank which is our control tube was filled with 1 mL of potato extract and 4 mL of pH 7 buffer which is neutral. We then used parafilm and inverted to mix each solution and added 2 mL of catechol to all 5 test tubes. We waited 5 minutes for the chemical reaction to take place before calibrating the Spec 20 to test the absorbance.

RESULTS

Table 1: Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Reaction Rate

Sample

Temp (℃)

Absorbance after (5 minutes)

1

0℃

.167

2

18℃

.179

3

30℃

.202

4

40℃

.211

5

60℃

.112

Graph 1: Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Reaction Rate

Table 2: Effect of pH on Enzyme Reaction Rate

Sample

pH

Absorbance after (5 minutes)

1

3

.107

2

5

.121

3

7

.197

4

9

.007

5

11

.010

Graph 2: Effect of pH on Enzyme Reaction Rate

As seen in table and graph 1, the effect of temperature on enzyme reaction rate, as the temperature increased the absorbance also increased until it peaked at sample 4 with a temperature of 40℃ which had an absorbance of .211. In the last sample, sample 5 with a temperature of 60℃, the absorbance began to decrease with an absorbance of .112. In table and graph 2, the effect of pH on enzyme reaction rate, the highly acidic samples (1 and 2) had greater absorbance than the basic samples (4 and 5) which had the lowest absorbance out of all the samples. The highest absorbance was in sample 3 (absorbance of .197) which had a neutral pH of 7.

DISCUSSION (need to be done)

Directions: This section should not just be a restatement of the results but should emphasize interpretation of the data, relating them to existing theory and knowledge. Suggestions for the improvement of techniques or experimental design may also be included here. In writing this section, you should explain the logic that allows you to accept or reject your original hypotheses. Provide a conclusion based on the results that you got.

example: My hypothesis was clearly false, as some ions or cofactors had more rates of absorbency than others. This data suggested that copper is the most crucial to the enzymatic reaction as it had the lowest absorbency when bound to prevent reaction. Cofactors such as copper, calcium, and magnesium were tested by using chelating agents to bind them to prevent them from catalyzing them enzymatic reaction. As a result, their efficiency entirely depended on low absorbance rate. Since Tube 4 was the control, we would have thought that it would have the highest absorbance rate as the enzymatic reaction there were no chelating agents binding it.This may have been a possible error such as miscalculation on the portion of the mixture such as having lest EDTA chelating agents, that Tube 1 had fingerprints.There may also be possible errors such as

inaccurate timing mixing the catechol into the solution or the water bath. If this is not the case, we would suspect that there are cofactors of the enzyme that could actually slow down the enzymatic reaction rather than speeds it up. The rate of absorbance was calculated by subtracting the absorbency at 20 minutes to the absorbency at 10 minutes. I concluded this experiment may have possible errors, but suggests that copper bound by Citric acid is the most effective for the

enzymatic reaction of benzoquinone.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Math Guru
Assignment Solver
Best Coursework Help
Fatimah Syeda
Writing Factory
24/7 Assignment Help
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Math Guru

ONLINE

Math Guru

I have read your project description carefully and you will get plagiarism free writing according to your requirements. Thank You

$40 Chat With Writer
Assignment Solver

ONLINE

Assignment Solver

I have assisted scholars, business persons, startups, entrepreneurs, marketers, managers etc in their, pitches, presentations, market research, business plans etc.

$37 Chat With Writer
Best Coursework Help

ONLINE

Best Coursework Help

I am a PhD writer with 10 years of experience. I will be delivering high-quality, plagiarism-free work to you in the minimum amount of time. Waiting for your message.

$44 Chat With Writer
Fatimah Syeda

ONLINE

Fatimah Syeda

I have assisted scholars, business persons, startups, entrepreneurs, marketers, managers etc in their, pitches, presentations, market research, business plans etc.

$27 Chat With Writer
Writing Factory

ONLINE

Writing Factory

Being a Ph.D. in the Business field, I have been doing academic writing for the past 7 years and have a good command over writing research papers, essay, dissertations and all kinds of academic writing and proofreading.

$18 Chat With Writer
24/7 Assignment Help

ONLINE

24/7 Assignment Help

I am a professional and experienced writer and I have written research reports, proposals, essays, thesis and dissertations on a variety of topics.

$47 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Analysis on the Threats Defense Argument - Human Resources Mangagement - Quantum hall effect ppt - BHS380 Module 1 SLP - Amp superedge cash account - Continue to write - According to the ajzen model, the strongest predictor of an employee’s behavior is (are) - Panjim's 2015 cash flow from financing activities is - Lloyd pye everything you know - Champion n12yc spark plug cross reference - Give me liberty eric foner chapter 22 summary - Briefly describe what the custodian does. - The similarity between monolithic organizations and pluralistic organizations is that - Rles rit - His 200 snhu - Sheffield hallam disabled student support - Paper of finance - London~ England~!! +91-9829644411 Love Vashikaran Specialist Molvi Ji - College algebra - Blue collar brilliance summary and response - Using the indirect method patent amortization expense for the period - Cost structure refers to the relative proportion of - Short Essay #2 - PEDS REVIEW - Achieving academic excellence involves - Jeremy's a handbag manufacturer in lower manhattan - BlockChain and Crypto Currency - CJ paper - The thing about pain ernest hemingway - How to perform independent t test in spss - Pirelli n3 rally tyres - Harley cruise control module - Acknowledgement for project report - Social media platforms and your career hum 186 - What is ethical blindness - Magna carta primary source worksheet - Blending problem linear programming solution - Single Point Essay - Business Assignment - Solve 2x 13 8x 7 - Honesty pink sweats guitar tab - Bessie smith st louis blues lyrics meaning - A luxury cell phone maker has a high fixed cost - Humanistic personality analysis - Sociology powerpoint outline - Word Problem Solving 2 Step equation - Holderness coast case study - Where does the calvin cycle happen - Molar mass of ammonium dichromate - Psia to hg vac - P - Practicum project plan - Dr arj ananda burwood - Vocation of the business leader - Media ethics issues and cases 9th edition - Critical review sat - Workflow types in uipath - Middlesex rs owners club - Rel discussion - Andrew chinn tell the good news - Mowa choctaw indian tribe - Assignment cover sheet usyd - Le guin the word for world is forest pdf - Charlie in jasper jones - Bsa standard curve bradford assay - Essay on columbian exchange - Accounting 201 Rephrase in own words - Week 6 individual - ET Act1 - 24723 katy freeway katy tx 77494 - Pursuit Of Happiness - Derrick wells decided to start a dental practice - Lesson 10.3 two way tables answer key - Within working memory, “helpers” like the visuospatial buffer and articulatory rehearsal loop - Spaceage furniture - Representative fraction problems - First year of College Seminar - Speech class - Astronomy quiz for class 3 - Is sky protect worth it - W9fore - The Defective Chessboard - Simplify 3 1 2 times 3 1 2 - Name the intersection of plane acg and plane bcg - International Foods Case Study - How to find planned investment spending - Fpos course northern ireland - Qbcc license check qld - Volume to capacity conversion - Boroughmuir high school catchment - Kindsvatter american soldiers pdf - Accounting - Houston based energy company 2001 scandal - First step of the marketing process - I'm a brick and i'm drowning slowly - 10 examples of projects and programs. - Bourke high school staff - Continuous skills in badminton - Halliford school term dates - Hris needs analysis