Booster pump selection guide

Australian History: GoldMany people believe that in 1851 Edward Hargraves was the first person to discover gold. This isn't true. Before 1851 gold had been found by convicts, shepherds, a clergyman and a Polish explorer. Hundreds more people probably found gold but did not bother telling others about it.Before the gold rushIt may seem strange that some people could discover gold without others going to the area and trying to find it as well. But before 1851 this is exactly what happened in Australia. Gold was first discovered by James McBrien, a government surveyor, in 1823 in the Fish River near Bathurst. Then in 1839 Paul Strzelecki found gold near Hartley. In 1844 a geologist Reverend W.B.Clarke later found gold in a creek near Lithgow but upon agreement with Governor Gipps kept quiet about it, fearing that the discovery may spark violence a chaos amidst the community where the majority of residents were criminals. Additionally farmers and squatters were against a gold rush, as they were worried about their labourers quitting their lowly paid jobs to try their luck at digging gold. Governor Gipps has been quoted in many texts in response to the gold findings:"'Put it away, Mr.Clarke or we shall all have our throats cut!" In 1823 James McBrien found traces of gold near Bathurst, NSW. However, early discoveries of gold in Australia were hushed up by the authorities for fear that all the convicts, soldiers and public servants would stop work to hunt for their fortune. In 1841, the Rev. WB Clarke found a gold nugget near Cox's River in the Blue Mountains, NSW. When he showed the gold to Governor Gipps, the Governor said, 'Put it away, Mr.Clarke or we shall all have our throats cut!' It wasn't until ten years later, in 1851, that Edward Hargraves, (who had just returned from the gold fields in California) and his colleagues found gold near Bathurst. This time the find was publicised and within a month a thousand men were looking for gold. The area was called Ophir, after the biblical story about King Solomon's gold city. The penal system ended in 1840 and by the 1850’s the fear of a violent breakout as a result of the gold rush subsided. At the same time there had been discoveries of gold in California, USA, which saw a mass exodus of the populationto search for it. This prompted Governor Fitzroy to promote the search for gold in 1849. In 1851, Edward Hargraves, who had spent 18 months working on the Californian gold fields returned to Australia, believing there was gold around Bathurst and Orange.
Some reasons for why there was no gold rush before 1851 All gold found in Australia belonged to the government. There was not much point trying to find gold if it had to be handed over to the government.The discoveries before 1851 were not very big. Gold was mainly found in isolated places where the news did not spread very far.Only a few people in the colony knew where to look for gold and howto find it. Perhaps the government deliberately tried to stop news about gold from spreading. If they had achance of finding gold, convicts might riot and would leave their work. How could the government control things then? The gold rushAfter a long trek on foot or horseback by coach or dray from Sydney or Melbourne, new miners were thankful and excited when they reached the goldfields. On the larger fields they saw hundreds or even thousands of tents clustered around creeks or near the site of earlier discoveries. There were horses and bullocks, wagons and carts and everywhere people bustling around, digging, panning, washing gravel, moving mounds of dirt or gently rocking their cradles from side to side. New miners soon realised, however, that the goldfields were not as attractive to live in as they looked from a distance. At Bendigo, for example, up to40,000 people lived close together in tents. They did not have enough water and their toilets were simply holes in the ground. Garbage piled up around the diggings and even miners who were used to it found the smell impossible to work in.Miners worked hard day after day and often could afford neither the time nor the money to buy good food. Prices on the goldfields were very high, partly because all food had to be brought to the diggings by bullock teams and partly because traders knew the diggers had to buy from them or go hungry. Like the early squatters, miners lived on bread, tea and mutton. Only those who were lucky could afford luxuries. Miners often became sick with diseases caused by bad food, poor living conditions and the effect of working outdoors in all kinds of weather.The first diggers lived in tents which they brought with them to the goldfields. They were cold in winter, hot and stuffy in summer and very uncomfortable when it rained. If it seemed that there was a lot of gold to be found on a digging, miners sometimes spent some time building a rough hut from bark or