Brain imaging studies support the conclusion that meditation _____

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Question 1

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A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called _____

Select one:

. a representative sample.

b. a case study.

c. a single-blind study.

d. a naturalistic observation.

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A experiment in which two individuals are placed in separate rooms while one tries to send information and the other tries to receive it without use of any of the senses is using the _____ procedure.

Select one:

a. ESP

b. Ganzfeld

c. telepathy

d. double blind

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A large study of heart disease that included White and African-American participants considered the age and gender of the participants but not their socioeconomic status. The conclusion drawn by the researchers was that being an African American male places you at greater risk for heart disease than being a White male. The problem with this conclusion is _____

Select one:

a. no other races were included in the study.

b. we can't tell if the variable is race or socioeconomic status.

c. there were no African-American researchers on the team.

d. we already knew African-Americans get more heart disease.

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A participant-related bias known as ageism results in _____

Select one:

a. failing to perceive the diversity among older adults.

b. excessive deference to older adults.

c. a reluctance to ask older adults to participate in research.

d. a tendency to describe all older adults in positive terms.

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A school psychologist would be most likely to _____

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a. conduct an experiment.

b. counsel a disruptive student.

c. treat a student with schizophrenia.

d. study teaching methods.

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ANo ___ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.

Select one:

a. independent variable

b. dependent variable

c. experimental effect

d. correlation

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According to research on sleep deprivation, a small amount of sleep loss ____

Select one:

a. decreases cognitive ability.

b. is not a problem at all.

c. is a problem only for women, not men.

d. does not affect people older than age 12.

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Activated by the _____, gonads release _____

Select one:

a. thymus; estrogen.

b. pineal gland; testosterone.

c. pituitary; corticoids.

d. pituitary; sex hormones.

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Any experiments that seemed to support the idea that ESP exists have not been able to be _____

Select one:

a. published.

b. peer-reviewed.

c. replicated.

d. funded.

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Brain imaging studies support the conclusion that meditation _____

Select one:

a. is a form of sleep.

b. induces an altered state of consciousness.

c. is a quick fix for health problems.

d. is not helpful to health.

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By using random samples, polling organizations can represent the view of the American public with a sample size starting from _____

Select one:

a. 100,000.

b. 1 million.

c. 100.

d. 1,000.

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Carla was driving to work when she heard a report from a medical center on the radio saying, "Upon conception, the sex of the baby is determined by the person who is least stressed out." Knowing Carla is a critical thinker, which of the following thoughts did she most likely have?

Select one:

a. "Because the report is from a medical center, it must be true."

b. "Before I believe that report, I need to check other sources."

c. "Wow, it must be true or they wouldn't put it on the radio."

d. "Wait until I tell my partner that he must have determined the sex of our two sons."

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Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn't move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke. He wanted to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized X-rays. Which of the following was used on Conan's mother?

Select one:

a. MRI

b. CT scan

c. EEG

d. fMRI

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Despite having a massive infection, Lindsey's white blood cell count remained low. This could be due to a malfunction of her _____

Select one:

a. thymus.

b. parathyroid.

c. thyroid.

d. thalamus.

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Diffusion tensor imaging would be the best choice to examine _____

Select one:

a. individual neuron bundles.

b. a tumor in the brain.

c. a sleep disorder.

d. glucose uptake in the brain.

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Dr. Hernandez is researching the effect of a new treatment for depression. She is so excited about this treatment because she is sure it will help people. When she hands out the placebo pills, she is able to keep a neutral expression on her face. When she hands out the actual pills, she can't help but let a little smile curl her lips and she bounces up and down very slightly due to her expectations the pill will really help these people. She is not aware she is doing anything different. As her student, you need to point this out to her to save the study from _____ bias.

Select one:

a. experimenter

b. participant

c. intentional

d. accidental

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Dr. Maizenblu was testing out a new medication used to treat depression. He had 150 participants who had varying levels of depression. Because he wanted to see whether a new drug really worked, he separated the severely depressed from the mildly or moderately depressed. He then made sure the severely depressed group actually received the drug while the other group received the placebo. What error, if any, did Dr. Maizenblu make in this experiment?

Select one:

a. He made no error at all.

b. He did not have enough participants in the study.

c. He showed selection bias.

d. He showed unethical treatment of depressed people.

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Dr. Rodriguez, an educational psychologist, looks at the student-environment interaction to determine how to improve a student's performance. He is taking the _____ perspective.

Select one:

a. cognitive

b. evolutionary

c. sociocultural

d. behavioral

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Dr. Solomon wants a record of the electrical activity in her patient's brain during an epileptic seizure. She would schedule the patient for a _____ appointment.

Select one:

a. magnetic resonance imaging

b. electroencephalograph

c. positron-emission tomography

d. microelectrode testing

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Experimental, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that using subliminal messages to control appetite or smoking have _____ effect on behavior.

Select one:

a. a slight

b. a powerful

c. a negative

d. no

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Heather decides to seek out a therapist to help her work through feelings of anxiety. Her therapist allows her to direct the therapy sessions and discuss what she feels is relevant. Her therapist, who views Heather as an innately good person, also suggests she attend group therapy to learn how to make better choices for herself. Based on this information, to which school of thought does Heather's therapist most likely adhere?

Select one:

a. Sociocultural

b. Psychoanalytic

c. Behaviorism

d. Humanistic

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Holly quit smoking years ago, but sometimes she really misses the routine of going out for smoke breaks and starting the morning with coffee and a cigarette. At those times, Holly is struggling with _____

Select one:

a. tolerance.

b. psychological dependence.

c. physical dependence.

d. withdrawal.

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How many physiological and psychological functions are affected by the circadian rhythms?

Select one:

a. two; sleep and wakefulness

b. three; sleep, wakefulness, and temperature

c. virtually every one that has been studied

d. four; sleep, wakefulness, temperature, and digestion

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If we briefly flashed the image of an orange to the right field of vision of an individual after split-brain surgery, they will most likely say they see _____

Select one:

a. nothing.

b. an orange.

c. something but be unable to name it.

d. only something round.

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If we were to design an experiment to test the hypothesis that aspirin takes headaches away, the independent variable would be _____ and the dependent variable would be _____

Select one:

a. headaches; aspirin.

b. aspirin; Tylenol.

c. aspirin; headaches.

d. measured; manipulated.

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Immediately after firing, a neuron cannot fire for 1 to 2 milliseconds. This is called the _____ period.

Select one:

a. discharged

b. resting

c. refractory

d. potential

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In the experimental method, the _____ is sometimes referred to as the treatment.

Select one:

a. independent variable

b. dependent variable

c. confounding variable

d. heuristic value

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In the Lang study, aggression was measured by the intensity and duration of "shocks" the participants chose to deliver to the researcher's accomplice. This was the _____ definition of aggression for this experiment.

Select one:

a. research

b. hypothetical

c. operational

d. controlled

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Jacob had trouble matching his facial expressions to the appropriate emotion or correctly interpreting others' emotional cues from their facial expressions. He needed more help from his _____

Select one:

a. mirror neurons.

b. social neurons.

c. interpretive neurons.

d. frontal lobes.

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Kim wants to talk with a therapist who will see him in a positive light and respect his personal experience while helping him understand his feelings and create a meaningful life. Kim will be most satisfied with a therapist who takes the _____ perspective.

Select one:

a. psychoanalytic

b. humanistic

c. biological

d. sociocultural

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Lateralization refers to which of the following?

Select one:

a. the idea that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body

b. the notion that each hemisphere of the brain specializes in particular functions

c. the procedure in which the corpus callosum is severed

d. the inability to produce speech

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Looking like leafless branches of a tree, the _____ are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons, although the _____ also receives signals directly.

Select one:

a. axon; dendrites

b. dendrites; soma

c. soma; dendrites

d. dendrites; axon

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Lyta sustained damage to her left hemisphere. Which of these areas is she most likely to have difficulty with as a result of left hemisphere damage?

Select one:

a. language

b. control of the left side of her body

c. interpreting facial expressions

d. perceiving visual-spatial relationships

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Malcolm is studying alone in his room when he hears a loud noise downstairs. His heart rate and respiration speed up. He wonders if a burglar has entered the house. When he looks downstairs, he sees that his cat just knocked over a plant. He begins to relax and his heart rate and breathing slow down. Which part of his nervous system is working to return him to a normal state?

Select one:

a. spinal cord

b. somatic nervous system

c. parasympathetic nervous system

d. central nervous system

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Melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness, is produced by the _____ gland.

Select one:

a. pineal

b. pituitary

c. parathyroid

d. thymus

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Moving toward the back of the head, the last area of the frontal lobe contains the _____

Select one:

a. visual cortex

b. sensory cortex

c. motor cortex

d. parietal lobe

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Much of what we know about left and right hemisphere specializations comes from the study of people who had split-brain surgery. This surgery _____