By the waters of babylon comprehension answers

common core state stanDarDs For

english Language arts & Literacy in History/social studies, science, and technical subjects

appendix B: text exemplars and sample Performance tasks

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exemplars of reading text complexity, Quality, and range & sample Performance tasks related to core standards

Selecting Text Exemplars The following text samples primarily serve to exemplify the level of complexity and quality that the Standards require all students in a given grade band to engage with. Additionally, they are suggestive of the breadth of texts that stu- dents should encounter in the text types required by the Standards. The choices should serve as useful guideposts in helping educators select texts of similar complexity, quality, and range for their own classrooms. They expressly do not represent a partial or complete reading list.

The process of text selection was guided by the following criteria:

• Complexity. Appendix A describes in detail a three-part model of measuring text complexity based on quali- tative and quantitative indices of inherent text difficulty balanced with educators’ professional judgment in matching readers and texts in light of particular tasks. In selecting texts to serve as exemplars, the work group began by soliciting contributions from teachers, educational leaders, and researchers who have experience working with students in the grades for which the texts have been selected. These contributors were asked to recommend texts that they or their colleagues have used successfully with students in a given grade band. The work group made final selections based in part on whether qualitative and quantitative measures indicated that the recommended texts were of sufficient complexity for the grade band. For those types of texts—par- ticularly poetry and multimedia sources—for which these measures are not as well suited, professional judg- ment necessarily played a greater role in selection.

• Quality. While it is possible to have high-complexity texts of low inherent quality, the work group solicited only texts of recognized value. From the pool of submissions gathered from outside contributors, the work group selected classic or historically significant texts as well as contemporary works of comparable literary merit, cultural significance, and rich content.

• Range. After identifying texts of appropriate complexity and quality, the work group applied other criteria to ensure that the samples presented in each band represented as broad a range of sufficiently complex, high- quality texts as possible. Among the factors considered were initial publication date, authorship, and subject matter.

Copyright and Permissions For those exemplar texts not in the public domain, we secured permissions and in some cases employed a conser- vative interpretation of Fair Use, which allows limited, partial use of copyrighted text for a nonprofit educational purpose as long as that purpose does not impair the rights holder’s ability to seek a fair return for his or her work. In instances where we could not employ Fair Use and have been unable to secure permission, we have listed a title without providing an excerpt. Thus, some short texts are not excerpted here, as even short passages from them would constitute a substantial portion of the entire work. In addition, illustrations and other graphics in texts are generally not reproduced here. Such visual elements are particularly important in texts for the youngest students and in many informational texts for readers of all ages. (Using the qualitative criteria outlined in Appendix A, the work group con- sidered the importance and complexity of graphical elements when placing texts in bands.)

When excerpts appear, they serve only as stand-ins for the full text. The Standards require that students engage with appropriately complex literary and informational works; such complexity is best found in whole texts rather than pas- sages from such texts.

Please note that these texts are included solely as exemplars in support of the Standards. Any additional use of those texts that are not in the public domain, such as for classroom use or curriculum development, requires independent permission from the rights holders. The texts may not be copied or distributed in any way other than as part of the overall Common Core State Standards Initiative documents.

Sample Performance Tasks The text exemplars are supplemented by brief performance tasks that further clarify the meaning of the Standards. These sample tasks illustrate specifically the application of the Standards to texts of sufficient complexity, quality, and range. Relevant Reading standards are noted in brackets following each task, and the words in italics in the task reflect the wording of the Reading standard itself. (Individual grade-specific Reading standards are identified by their strand, grade, and number, so that RI.4.3, for example, stands for Reading, Informational Text, grade 4, standard 3.)

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How to Read This Document The materials that follow are divided into text complexity grade bands as defined by the Standards: K–1, 2–3, 4–5, 6–8, 9–10, and 11–CCR. Each band’s exemplars are divided into text types matching those required in the Standards for a given grade. K–5 exemplars are separated into stories, poetry, and informational texts (as well as read-aloud texts in kindergarten through grade 3). The 6–CCR exemplars are divided into English language arts (ELA), history/social studies, and science, mathematics, and technical subjects, with the ELA texts further subdivided into stories, drama, poetry, and informational texts. (The history/social studies texts also include some arts-related texts.) Citations intro- duce each excerpt, and additional citations are included for texts not excerpted in the appendix. Within each grade band and after each text type, sample performance tasks are included for select texts.

Media Texts Selected excerpts are accompanied by annotated links to related media texts freely available online at the time of the publication of this document.

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table of contents

K–1 text exemplars ...........................................................................................................14

stories ...............................................................................................................................14

Minarik, Else Holmelund. Little Bear .............................................................................. 14

Eastman, P. D. Are You My Mother? ............................................................................... 15

Seuss, Dr. Green Eggs and Ham. ..................................................................................... 15

Lopshire, Robert. Put Me in the Zoo ............................................................................. 15

Lobel, Arnold. Frog and Toad Together ...................................................................... 15

Lobel, Arnold. Owl at Home ............................................................................................. 16

DePaola, Tomie. Pancakes for Breakfast ...................................................................... 17

Arnold, Tedd. Hi! Fly Guy ................................................................................................... 17

Poetry ................................................................................................................................ 17

Anonymous. “As I Was Going to St. Ives.” .................................................................. 17

Rossetti, Christina. “Mix a Pancake.” ............................................................................ 17

Fyleman, Rose. “Singing-Time.” ..................................................................................... 18

Milne, A. A. “Halfway Down.” ............................................................................................ 18

Chute, Marchette. “Drinking Fountain.” ....................................................................... 18

Hughes, Langston. “Poem.” .............................................................................................. 18

Ciardi, John. “Wouldn’t You?” .......................................................................................... 18

Wright, Richard. “Laughing Boy.” ................................................................................... 18

Greenfield, Eloise. “By Myself.” ........................................................................................ 18

Giovanni, Nikki. “Covers.” ................................................................................................... 18

Merriam, Eve. “It Fell in the City.” ................................................................................... 19

Lopez, Alonzo. “Celebration.” .......................................................................................... 19

Agee, Jon. “Two Tree Toads.” ........................................................................................... 19

read-aloud stories .......................................................................................................20

Baum, L. Frank. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ..........................................................20

Wilder, Laura Ingalls. Little House in the Big Woods .............................................20

Atwater, Richard and Florence. Mr. Popper’s Penguins ......................................... 21

Jansson, Tove. Finn Family Moomintroll ...................................................................... 21

Haley, Gail E. A Story, A Story .......................................................................................... 21

Bang, Molly. The Paper Crane ......................................................................................... 22

Young, Ed. Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood Story from China ............................ 23

Garza, Carmen Lomas. Family Pictures ...................................................................... 23

Mora, Pat. Tomás and the Library Lady ....................................................................... 23

Henkes, Kevin. Kitten’s First Full Moon ....................................................................... 24

read-aloud Poetry ........................................................................................................ 25

Anonymous. “The Fox’s Foray.” ..................................................................................... 25

Langstaff, John. Over in the Meadow. ......................................................................... 26

Lear, Edward. “The Owl and the Pussycat.” .............................................................. 27

Hughes, Langston. “April Rain Song.” .......................................................................... 27

Moss, Lloyd. Zin! Zin! Zin! a Violin ................................................................................. 27

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sample Performance tasks for stories and Poetry ............................................... 28

Informational texts ...................................................................................................... 28

Bulla, Clyde Robert. A Tree Is a Plant .......................................................................... 28

Aliki. My Five Senses .......................................................................................................... 29

Hurd, Edith Thacher. Starfish ..........................................................................................30

Aliki. A Weed is a Flower: The Life of George Washington Carver ..................30

Crews, Donald. Truck ..........................................................................................................30

Hoban, Tana. I Read Signs ................................................................................................30

Reid, Mary Ebeltoft. Let’s Find Out About Ice Cream ............................................ 31

“Garden Helpers.” National Geographic Young Explorers .................................... 31

“Wind Power.” National Geographic Young Explorers ........................................... 31

read-aloud Informational texts ................................................................................. 31

Provensen, Alice and Martin. The Year at Maple Hill Farm.................................... 31

Gibbons, Gail. Fire! Fire! ..................................................................................................... 31

Dorros, Arthur. Follow the Water from Brook to Ocean ....................................... 32

Rauzon, Mark, and Cynthia Overbeck Bix. Water, Water Everywhere ............ 33

Llewellyn, Claire. Earthworms ......................................................................................... 33

Jenkins, Steve, and Robin Page. What Do You Do With a Tail Like This? ...... 33

Pfeffer, Wendy. From Seed to Pumpkin ...................................................................... 33

Thomson, Sarah L. Amazing Whales! ...........................................................................34

Hodgkins, Fran, and True Kelley. How People Learned to Fly ............................34

sample Performance tasks for Informational texts .............................................. 36

Grades 2–3 text exemplars ........................................................................................... 37

stories .............................................................................................................................. 37

Gannett, Ruth Stiles. My Father’s Dragon. ................................................................. 37

Averill, Esther. The Fire Cat .............................................................................................. 37

Steig, William. Amos & Boris. .......................................................................................... 38

Shulevitz, Uri. The Treasure.............................................................................................. 38

Cameron, Ann. The Stories Julian Tells ....................................................................... 38

MacLachlan, Patricia. Sarah, Plain and Tall ................................................................ 38

Rylant, Cynthia. Henry and Mudge: The First Book of Their Adventures ....... 39

Stevens, Janet. Tops and Bottoms ................................................................................40

LaMarche, Jim. The Raft ....................................................................................................40

Rylant, Cynthia. Poppleton in Winter...........................................................................40

Rylant, Cynthia. The Lighthouse Family: The Storm ............................................... 41

Osborne, Mary Pope. The One-Eyed Giant (Book One of Tales from the Odyssey) .................................................................. 41

Silverman, Erica. Cowgirl Kate and Cocoa .................................................................42

Poetry ...............................................................................................................................43

Dickinson, Emily. “Autumn.” .............................................................................................43

Rossetti, Christina. “Who Has Seen the Wind?” ......................................................43

Millay, Edna St. Vincent. “Afternoon on a Hill.” .........................................................43

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Frost, Robert. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” ................................44

Field, Rachel. “Something Told the Wild Geese.” ....................................................44

Hughes, Langston. “Grandpa’s Stories.” .....................................................................44

Jarrell, Randall. “A Bat Is Born.” .....................................................................................44

Giovanni, Nikki. “Knoxville, Tennessee.” ......................................................................44

Merriam, Eve. “Weather.” ..................................................................................................45

Soto, Gary. “Eating While Reading.” ............................................................................45

read-aloud stories .......................................................................................................46

Kipling, Rudyard. “How the Camel Got His Hump.” ...............................................46

Thurber, James. The Thirteen Clocks ...........................................................................46

White, E. B. Charlotte’s Web ........................................................................................... 47

Selden, George. The Cricket in Times Square ........................................................... 47

Babbitt, Natalie. The Search for Delicious .................................................................48

Curtis, Christopher Paul. Bud, Not Buddy ..................................................................48

Say, Allen. The Sign Painter .............................................................................................49

read-aloud Poetry ........................................................................................................49

Lear, Edward. “The Jumblies.” ........................................................................................49

Browning, Robert. The Pied Piper of Hamelin ........................................................... 51

Johnson, Georgia Douglas. “Your World.” ................................................................. 52

Eliot, T. S. “The Song of the Jellicles.” ......................................................................... 52

Fleischman, Paul. “Fireflies.” ............................................................................................ 52

sample Performance tasks for stories and Poetry ............................................... 53

Informational texts ........................................................................................................ 53

Aliki. A Medieval Feast ....................................................................................................... 53

Gibbons, Gail. From Seed to Plant ................................................................................54

Milton, Joyce. Bats: Creatures of the Night ...............................................................54

Beeler, Selby. Throw Your Tooth on the Roof: Tooth Traditions Around the World ........................................................................54

Leonard, Heather. Art Around the World ................................................................... 55

Ruffin, Frances E. Martin Luther King and the March on Washington ............ 55

St. George, Judith. So You Want to Be President? ................................................. 55

Einspruch, Andrew. Crittercam ...................................................................................... 55

Kudlinski, Kathleen V. Boy, Were We Wrong About Dinosaurs .......................... 56

Davies, Nicola. Bat Loves the Night .............................................................................. 56

Floca, Brian. Moonshot: The Flight of Apollo 11 ....................................................... 56

Thomson, Sarah L. Where Do Polar Bears Live? ...................................................... 57

read-aloud Informational texts ................................................................................ 57

Freedman, Russell. Lincoln: A Photobiography ....................................................... 57

Coles, Robert. The Story of Ruby Bridges ................................................................. 58

Wick, Walter. A Drop of Water: A Book of Science and Wonder ...................... 58

Smith, David J. If the World Were a Village: A Book about the World’s People ........................................................................... 59

Aliki. Ah, Music! .................................................................................................................... 59

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Mark, Jan. The Museum Book: A Guide to Strange and Wonderful Collections ................................................ 59

D’Aluisio, Faith. What the World Eats ..........................................................................60

Arnosky, Jim. Wild Tracks! A Guide to Nature’s Footprints .................................60

Deedy, Carmen Agra. 14 Cows for America ...............................................................60

sample Performance tasks for Informational texts ...............................................61

Grades 4–5 text exemplars ........................................................................................... 63

stories .............................................................................................................................. 63

Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland ................................................... 63

Burnett, Frances Hodgson. The Secret Garden ....................................................... 63

Farley, Walter. The Black Stallion ...................................................................................64

Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de. The Little Prince ............................................................64

Babbitt, Natalie. Tuck Everlasting..................................................................................64

Singer, Isaac Bashevis. “Zlateh the Goat.” ..................................................................64

Hamilton, Virginia. M. C. Higgins, the Great...............................................................64

Erdrich, Louise. The Birchbark House .......................................................................... 65

Curtis, Christopher Paul. Bud, Not Buddy .................................................................. 65

Lin, Grace. Where the Mountain Meets the Moon ...................................................66

Poetry ...............................................................................................................................66

Blake, William. “The Echoing Green.” ..........................................................................66

Lazarus, Emma. “The New Colossus.” ......................................................................... 67

Thayer, Ernest Lawrence. “Casey at the Bat.” ........................................................... 67

Dickinson, Emily. “A Bird Came Down the Walk.” ...................................................68

Sandburg, Carl. “Fog.” .......................................................................................................69

Frost, Robert. “Dust of Snow.” ........................................................................................69

Dahl, Roald. “Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf.” .............................................69

Nichols, Grace. “They Were My People.” ....................................................................69

Mora, Pat. “Words Free As Confetti.” ...........................................................................69

sample Performance tasks for stories and Poetry ...............................................70

Informational texts ........................................................................................................70

Berger, Melvin. Discovering Mars: The Amazing Story of the Red Planet ......70

Carlisle, Madelyn Wood. Let’s Investigate Marvelously Meaningful Maps ....... 71

Lauber, Patricia. Hurricanes: Earth’s Mightiest Storms ........................................... 71

Otfinoski, Steve. The Kid’s Guide to Money: Earning It, Saving It, Spending It, Growing It, Sharing It ....................................................... 71

Wulffson, Don. Toys!: Amazing Stories Behind Some Great Inventions .......... 71

Schleichert, Elizabeth. “Good Pet, Bad Pet.” ............................................................. 71

Kavash, E. Barrie. “Ancient Mound Builders.” ............................................................ 71

Koscielniak, Bruce. About Time: A First Look at Time and Clocks .................... 71

Banting, Erinn. England the Land .................................................................................. 72

Hakim, Joy. A History of US ............................................................................................. 72

Ruurs, Margriet. My Librarian Is a Camel: How Books Are Brought to Children Around the World ........................................................ 72

Simon, Seymour. Horses ................................................................................................... 73

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Montgomery, Sy. Quest for the Tree Kangaroo: An Expedition to the Cloud Forest of New Guinea .......................................... 73

Simon, Seymour. Volcanoes ............................................................................................ 74

Nelson, Kadir. We Are the Ship: The Story of Negro League Baseball ............ 74

Cutler, Nellie Gonzalez. “Kenya’s Long Dry Season.” ............................................. 74

Hall, Leslie. “Seeing Eye to Eye.”.................................................................................... 74

Ronan, Colin A. “Telescopes.” ......................................................................................... 75

Buckmaster, Henrietta. “Underground Railroad.” .................................................... 76

sample Performance tasks for Informational texts .............................................. 76

Grades 6–8 text exemplars ........................................................................................... 77

stories .............................................................................................................................. 77

Alcott, Louisa May. Little Women.................................................................................. 77

Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer ........................................................... 77

L’Engle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle in Time ......................................................................... 79

Cooper, Susan. The Dark Is Rising ................................................................................. 79

Yep, Laurence. Dragonwings ...........................................................................................80

Taylor, Mildred D. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry .......................................................80

Hamilton, Virginia. “The People Could Fly.”...............................................................80

Paterson, Katherine. The Tale of the Mandarin Ducks ............................................ 81

Cisneros, Sandra. “Eleven.” ............................................................................................... 81

Sutcliff, Rosemary. Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad................... 81

Drama ............................................................................................................................... 82

Fletcher, Louise. Sorry, Wrong Number ...................................................................... 82

Goodrich, Frances and Albert Hackett. The Diary of Anne Frank: A Play ..... 83

Poetry ............................................................................................................................... 83

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. “Paul Revere’s Ride.” ........................................... 83

Whitman, Walt. “O Captain! My Captain!” ................................................................. 85

Carroll, Lewis. “Jabberwocky.” ........................................................................................ 85

Navajo tradition. “Twelfth Song of Thunder.” ...........................................................86

Dickinson, Emily. “The Railway Train.” .........................................................................86

Yeats, William Butler. “The Song of Wandering Aengus.” ................................... 87

Frost, Robert. “The Road Not Taken.”.......................................................................... 87

Sandburg, Carl. “Chicago.” ............................................................................................... 87

Hughes, Langston. “I, Too, Sing America.” ................................................................. 88

Neruda, Pablo. “The Book of Questions.”................................................................... 88

Soto, Gary. “Oranges.” ....................................................................................................... 88

Giovanni, Nikki. “A Poem for My Librarian, Mrs. Long.” ........................................ 88

sample Performance tasks for stories, Drama, and Poetry ................................ 89

Informational texts: english Language arts ...........................................................90

Adams, John. “Letter on Thomas Jefferson.” ..........................................................90

Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave, Written by Himself .................................................................. 91

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Churchill, Winston. “Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat: Address to Parliament on May 13th, 1940.” .......................................................... 91

Petry, Ann. Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad .......... 92

Steinbeck, John. Travels with Charley: In Search of America ............................. 92

sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: english Language arts ................................................................................................. 93

Informational texts: History/social studies ............................................................ 93

United States. Preamble and First Amendment to the United States Constitution. (1787, 1791) ................................................... 93

Lord, Walter. A Night to Remember ............................................................................. 93

Isaacson, Phillip. A Short Walk through the Pyramids and through the World of Art ................................................................................... 93

Murphy, Jim. The Great Fire.............................................................................................94

Greenberg, Jan, and Sandra Jordan. Vincent Van Gogh: Portrait of an Artist .......................................................................................................94

Partridge, Elizabeth. This Land Was Made for You and Me: The Life and Songs of Woody Guthrie ..................................................................94

Monk, Linda R. Words We Live By: Your Annotated Guide to the Constitution .......................................................... 95

Freedman, Russell. Freedom Walkers: The Story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott ......................................................... 95

Informational texts: science, mathematics, and technical subjects ................96

Macaulay, David. Cathedral: The Story of Its Construction .................................96

Mackay, Donald. The Building of Manhattan .............................................................96

Enzensberger, Hans Magnus. The Number Devil: A Mathematical Adventure ........................................................................................96

Peterson, Ivars and Nancy Henderson. Math Trek: Adventures in the Math Zone .................................................................................... 97

Katz, John. Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet out of Idaho ........ 97

Petroski, Henry. “The Evolution of the Grocery Bag.” ...........................................98

“Geology.” U*X*L Encyclopedia of Science ...............................................................98

“Space Probe.” Astronomy & Space: From the Big Bang to the Big Crunch ...................................................................98

“Elementary Particles.” New Book of Popular Science .........................................99

California Invasive Plant Council. Invasive Plant Inventory ..................................99

sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: History/social studies & science, mathematics, and technical subjects....... 100

Grades 9–10 text exemplars ........................................................................................ 101

stories ............................................................................................................................. 101

Homer. The Odyssey .......................................................................................................... 101

Ovid. Metamorphoses ....................................................................................................... 101

Gogol, Nikolai. “The Nose.” .............................................................................................102

De Voltaire, F. A. M. Candide, Or The Optimist ...................................................... 103

Turgenev, Ivan. Fathers and Sons ................................................................................ 104

Henry, O. “The Gift of the Magi.” .................................................................................. 104

Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis ............................................................................... 105

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Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath ...................................................................... 105

Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451 ...................................................................................... 106

Olsen, Tillie. “I Stand Here Ironing.” ............................................................................ 106

Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart ...............................................................................107

Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird ...............................................................................107

Shaara, Michael. The Killer Angels............................................................................... 108

Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club ........................................................................................ 108

Álvarez, Julia. In the Time of the Butterflies ........................................................... 108

Zusak, Marcus. The Book Thief ..................................................................................... 109

Drama .............................................................................................................................. 110

Sophocles. Oedipus Rex .................................................................................................. 110

Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth .......................................................111

Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House ..........................................................................................113

Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie ................................................................114

Ionesco, Eugene. Rhinoceros. .........................................................................................115

Fugard, Athol. “Master Harold”…and the boys .........................................................116

Poetry .............................................................................................................................. 116

Shakespeare, William. “Sonnet 73.” ..............................................................................116

Donne, John. “Song.” .........................................................................................................116

Shelley, Percy Bysshe. “Ozymandias.” ......................................................................... 117

Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Raven.” ...................................................................................... 117

Dickinson, Emily. “We Grow Accustomed to the Dark.” .......................................119

Houseman, A. E. “Loveliest of Trees.” ........................................................................ 120

Johnson, James Weldon. “Lift Every Voice and Sing.” ....................................... 120

Cullen, Countee. “Yet Do I Marvel.” ............................................................................. 120

Auden, Wystan Hugh. ”Musée des Beaux Arts.” ................................................... 120

Walker, Alice. “Women.” .................................................................................................. 120

Baca, Jimmy Santiago. “I Am Offering This Poem to You.” ................................ 121

sample Performance tasks for stories, Drama, and Poetry ................................121

Informational texts: english Language arts ..........................................................122

Henry, Patrick. “Speech to the Second Virginia Convention.” ........................... 122

Washington, George. “Farewell Address.” ...............................................................123

Lincoln, Abraham. “Gettysburg Address.” ...............................................................123

Lincoln, Abraham. “Second Inaugural Address.” ...................................................124

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. “State of the Union Address.” ...............................124

Hand, Learned. “I Am an American Day Address.” ..............................................125

Smith, Margaret Chase. “Remarks to the Senate in Support of a Declaration of Conscience.” ...........................................................................125

King, Jr., Martin Luther. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” ...................................... 127

King, Jr., Martin Luther. “I Have a Dream: Address Delivered at the March on Washington, D.C., for Civil Rights on August 28, 1963.” ............ 127

Angelou, Maya. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings ...............................................128

Wiesel, Elie. “Hope, Despair and Memory.”...............................................................128

Reagan, Ronald. “Address to Students at Moscow State University.” ............128

Quindlen, Anna. “A Quilt of a Country.” .....................................................................129

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sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: english Language arts ................................................................................................129

Informational texts: History/social studies .......................................................... 130

Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West ............................................................ 130

Connell, Evan S. Son of the Morning Star: Custer and the Little Bighorn .... 130

Gombrich, E. H. The Story of Art, 16th Edition .........................................................131

Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World .....131

Haskins, Jim. Black, Blue and Gray: African Americans in the Civil War ........131

Dash, Joan. The Longitude Prize ..................................................................................132

Thompson, Wendy. The Illustrated Book of Great Composers .........................132

Mann, Charles C. Before Columbus: The Americas of 1491 .................................133

Informational texts: science, mathematics, and technical subjects ...............133

Euclid. Elements ..................................................................................................................133

Cannon, Annie J. “Classifying the Stars.” ..................................................................135

Walker, Jearl. “Amusement Park Physics.” ................................................................136

Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone: A Terrifying True Story .....................................136

Devlin, Keith. Life by the Numbers .............................................................................. 137

Hoose, Phillip. The Race to Save Lord God Bird ..................................................... 137

Hakim, Joy. The Story of Science: Newton at the Center .................................... 137

Nicastro, Nicholas. Circumference: Eratosthenes and the Ancient Quest to Measure the Globe .................................................................... 137

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/U.S. Department of Energy. Recommended Levels of Insulation .......................................................................138

sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: History/social studies & science, mathematics, and technical subjects........138

Grades 11–ccr text exemplars ................................................................................... 140

stories ............................................................................................................................ 140

Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales ................................................................ 140

de Cervantes, Miguel. Don Quixote ............................................................................ 140

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice ...............................................................................142

Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Cask of Amontillado.” .........................................................143

Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre ......................................................................................... 144

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter .................................................................145

Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment .......................................................... 146

Jewett, Sarah Orne. “A White Heron.” ....................................................................... 146

Melville, Herman. Billy Budd, Sailor .............................................................................147

Chekhov, Anton. “Home.” ................................................................................................148

Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby ....................................................................... 149

Faulkner, William. As I Lay Dying ................................................................................. 149

Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to ............................................................................. 150

Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God ......................................... 150

Borges, Jorge Luis. “The Garden of Forking Paths.” ............................................ 150

Bellow, Saul. The Adventures of Augie March ..........................................................151

Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye ....................................................................................... 152

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Garcia, Cristina. Dreaming in Cuban ........................................................................... 152

Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake ...................................................................................... 152

Drama ..............................................................................................................................153

Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet ........................................................153

Molière, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. Tartuffe .................................................................153

Wilde, Oscar. The Importance of Being Earnest .....................................................154

Wilder, Thornton. Our Town: A Play in Three Acts .................................................156

Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman ..............................................................................156

Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun ....................................................................156

Soyinka, Wole. Death and the King’s Horseman: A Play ...................................... 157

Poetry ..............................................................................................................................157

Li Po. “A Poem of Changgan.” ....................................................................................... 157

Donne, John. “A Valediction Forbidding Mourning.” ............................................ 157

Wheatley, Phyllis. “On Being Brought From Africa to America.” .....................158

Keats, John. “Ode on a Grecian Urn.” .........................................................................158

Whitman, Walt. “Song of Myself.” ................................................................................159

Dickinson, Emily. “Because I Could Not Stop for Death.” .................................. 160

Tagore, Rabindranath. “Song VII.” ............................................................................... 160

Eliot, T. S. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.” ................................................. 160

Pound, Ezra. “The River Merchant’s Wife: A Letter.” ............................................ 160

Frost, Robert. “Mending Wall.” .......................................................................................161

Neruda, Pablo. “Ode to My Suit.” .................................................................................162

Bishop, Elizabeth. “Sestina.” ...........................................................................................162

Ortiz Cofer, Judith. “The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica.” ...........................................162

Dove, Rita. “Demeter’s Prayer to Hades.”..................................................................163

Collins, Billy. “Man Listening to Disc.” .........................................................................163

sample Performance tasks for stories, Drama, and Poetry ...............................163

Informational texts: english Language arts ......................................................... 164

Paine, Thomas. Common Sense ................................................................................... 164

Jefferson, Thomas. The Declaration of Independence ........................................ 164

United States. The Bill of Rights (Amendments One through Ten of the United States Constitution). .......................................................................166

Thoreau, Henry David. Walden ......................................................................................167

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. “Society and Solitude.”.....................................................167

Porter, Horace. “Lee Surrenders to Grant, April 9th, 1865.” ...............................168

Chesterton, G. K. “The Fallacy of Success.” ..............................................................169

Mencken, H. L. The American Language, 4th Edition ...........................................169

Wright, Richard. Black Boy .............................................................................................170

Orwell, George. “Politics and the English Language.” ..........................................170

Hofstadter, Richard. “Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth.” ..................170

Tan, Amy. “Mother Tongue.” ...........................................................................................170

Anaya, Rudolfo. “Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry.” .....................................171

sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: english Language arts .................................................................................................171

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Informational texts: History/social studies ...........................................................172

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America ........................................................ 172

Declaration of Sentiments by the Seneca Falls Conference .............................. 172

Douglass, Frederick. “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?: An Address Delivered in Rochester, New York, on 5 July 1852.” ................ 173

An American Primer. Edited by Daniel J. Boorstin ................................................ 175

Lagemann, Ellen Condliffe. “Education.” ................................................................... 175

McPherson, James M. What They Fought For 1861–1865 .................................... 175

The American Reader: Words that Moved a Nation, 2nd Edition ..................... 175

Amar, Akhil Reed. America’s Constitution: A Biography .....................................176

McCullough, David. 1776 ..................................................................................................176

Bell, Julian. Mirror of the World: A New History of Art ........................................176

FedViews by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco .................................. 177

Informational texts: science, mathematics, and technical subjects ...............179

Paulos, John Allen. Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences ..................................................179

Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference ........................................................................................179

Tyson, Neil deGrasse. “Gravity in Reverse: The Tale of Albert Einstein’s ‘Greatest Blunder.’” .............................................179

Calishain, Tara, and Rael Dornfest. Google Hacks: Tips & Tools for Smarter Searching, 2nd Edition ............................................. 180

Kane, Gordon. “The Mysteries of Mass.” ................................................................... 180

Fischetti, Mark. “Working Knowledge: Electronic Stability Control.” ..............181

U.S. General Services Administration. Executive Order 13423: Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management ............................................................................181

Kurzweil, Ray. “The Coming Merger of Mind and Machine.” ..............................182

Gibbs, W. Wayt. “Untangling the Roots of Cancer.” ..............................................182

Gawande, Atul. “The Cost Conundrum: Health Care Costs in McAllen, Texas.” ..................................................................183

sample Performance tasks for Informational texts: History/social studies & science, mathematics, and technical subjects........183

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K–1 text exemplars

Stories

Minarik, Else Holmelund. Little Bear. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak. New York: HarperCollins, 1957. (1957) From “Birthday Soup”

“Mother Bear, Mother Bear, Where are you?” calls Little Bear.

“Oh, dear, Mother Bear is not here, and today is my birthday.

“I think my friends will come, but I do not see a birthday cake. My goodness – no birthday cake. What can I do?

The pot is by the fire. The water in the pot is hot. If I put something in the water, I can make Birthday Soup. All my friends like soup.

Let me see what we have. We have carrots and potatoes, peas and tomatoes; I can make soup with carrots, potatoes, peas and tomatoes.”

So Little Bear begins to make soup in the big black pot. First, Hen comes in. “Happy Birthday, Little Bear,” she says. “Thank you, Hen,” says Little Bear.

Hen says, “My! Something smells good here. Is it in the big black pot?”

“Yes,” says Little Bear, “I am making Birthday Soup. Will you stay and have some?”

“Oh, yes, thank you,” says Hen. And she sits down to wait.

Next, Duck comes in. “Happy Birthday, Little bear,” says Duck. “My, something smells good. Is it in the big black pot?”

“Thank you, Duck,” says Little Bear. “Yes, I am making Birthday Soup. Will you stay and have some with us?”

“Thank you, yes, thank you,” says Duck. And she sits down to wait.

Next, Cat comes in.

“Happy Birthday, Little Bear,” he says.

“Thank you, Cat,” says Little Bear. “I hope you like Birthday Soup. I am making Birthday Soup.

Cat says, “Can you really cook? If you can really make it, I will eat it.”

“Good,” says Little Bear. “The Birthday Soup is hot, so we must eat it now. We cannot wait for Mother Bear. I do not know where she is.”

“Now, here is some soup for you, Hen,” says Little Bear. “And here is some soup for you, Duck, and here is some soup for you, Cat, and here is some soup for me. Now we can all have some Birthday Soup.”

Cat sees Mother Bear at the door, and says, “Wait, Little Bear. Do not eat yet. Shut your eyes, and say one, two, three.”

Little Bear shuts his eyes and says, “One, two, three.”

Mother Bear comes in with a big cake.

“Now, look,” says Cat.

“Oh, Mother Bear,” says Little Bear, “what a big beautiful Birthday Cake! Birthday Soup is good to eat, but not as good as Birthday Cake. I am so happy you did not forget.”

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“Yes, Happy Birthday, Little Bear!” says Mother Bear. “This Birthday Cake is a surprise for you. I never did forget your birthday, and I never will.”

TEXT COPYRIGHT © 1957 BY ELSE HOLMELUND MINARIK. ILLUSTRATIONS COPYRIGHT © 1957 BY MAURICE SEN- DAK. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.

Eastman, P. D. Are You My Mother? New York: Random House, 1960. (1960)

A mother bird sat on her egg.

The egg jumped.

“Oh oh!” said the mother bird. “My baby will be here! He will want to eat.”

“I must get something for my baby bird to eat!” she said. “I will be back!”

So away she went.

From ARE YOU MY MOTHER? by P. D. Eastman, copyright © 1960 by P. D. Eastman. Copyright renewed 1988 by Mary L. Eastman. Used by permission of Random House Children’s Books, a division of Random House, Inc.

Seuss, Dr. Green Eggs and Ham. New York: Random House, 1960. (1960)

Lopshire, Robert. Put Me in the Zoo. New York: Random House, 1960. (1960)

I will go into the zoo. I want to see it. Yes, I do.

I would like to live this way. This is where I want to stay.

Will you keep me in the zoo? I want to stay in here with you.

From PUT ME IN THE ZOO by Robert Lopshire, copyright © 1960, renewed 1988 by Robert Lopshire. Used by permis- sion of Random House Children’s Books, a division of Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. Any additional use of this text, such as for classroom use or curriculum development, requires independent permission from Random House, Inc.

Mayer, Mercer. A Boy, a Dog and a Frog. New York: Dial, 2003. (1967)

This is a wordless book appropriate for kindergarten.

Lobel, Arnold. Frog and Toad Together. New York: HarperCollins, 1971. (1971) From “The Garden”

Frog was in his garden. Toad came walking by.

“What a fine garden you have, Frog,” he said.

“Yes,” said Frog. “It is very nice, but it was hard work.”

“I wish I had a garden,” said Toad.

“Here are some flower seeds. Plant them in the ground,” said Frog, “and soon you will have a garden.”

“How soon?” asked Toad.

“Quite soon,” said Frog.

Toad ran home. He planted the flower seeds.

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“Now seeds,” said Toad, “start growing.”

Toad walked up and down a few times. The seeds did not start to grow. Toad put his head close to the ground and said loudly, “Now seeds, start growing!” Toad looked at the ground again. The seeds did not start to grow.

Toad put his head very close to the ground and shouted, “NOW SEEDS, START GROWING!”

Frog came running up the path. “What is all this noise?” he asked. “My seeds will not grow,” said Toad. “You are shouting too much,” said Frog. “These poor seeds are afraid to grow.”

“My seeds are afraid to grow?” asked Toad.

“Of course,” said Frog. “Leave them alone for a few days. Let the sun shine on them, let the rain fall on them. Soon your seeds will start to grow.”

That night, Toad looked out of his window. “Drat!” said Toad. “My seeds have not started to grow. They must be afraid of the dark.”

Toad went out to his garden with some candles. “I will read the seeds a story,” said Toad. “Then they will not be afraid.” Toad read a long story to his seeds.

All the next day Toad sang songs to his seeds.

And all the next day Toad read poems to his seeds.

And all the next day Toad played music for his seeds.

Toad looked at the ground. The seeds still did not start to grow. “What shall I do?” cried Toad. “These must be the most frightened seeds in the whole world!”

Then Toad felt very tired and he fell asleep.

“Toad, Toad, wake up,” said Frog. “Look at your garden!”

Toad looked at his garden. Little green plants were coming up out of the ground.

“At last,” shouted Toad, “my seeds have stopped being afraid to grow!”

“And now you will have a nice garden too,” said Frog.

“Yes,” said Toad, “but you were right, Frog. It was very hard work.”

TEXT COPYRIGHT © 1971, 1972 BY ARNOLD LOBEL. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.

Lobel, Arnold. Owl at Home. New York: HarperCollins, 1975. (1975) From “Owl and the Moon”

One night Owl went down to the seashore. He sat on a large rock and looked out at the waves. Everything was dark. Then a small tip of the moon came up over the edge of the sea.

Owl watched the moon. It climbed higher and higher into the sky. Soon the whole, round moon was shining. Owl sat on the rock and looked up at the moon for a long time. “If I am looking at you, moon, then you must be looking back at me. We must be very good friends.”

The moon did not answer, but Owl said, “I will come back and see you again, moon. But now I must go home.” Owl walked down the path. He looked up at the sky. The moon was still there. It was following him.

“No, no, moon,” said Owl. “It is kind of you to light my way. But you must stay up over the sea where you look so fine.” Owl walked on a little farther. He looked at the sky again. There was the moon coming right along with him. “Dear moon,” said Owl, “you really must not come home with me. My house is small. You would not fit through the door. And I have nothing to give you for supper.”

Owl kept on walking. The moon sailed after him over the tops of the trees. “Moon,” said Owl, “I think that you do not hear me.” Owl climbed to the top of a hill. He shouted as loudly as he could, “Good-bye, moon!”

The moon went behind some clouds. Owl looked and looked. The moon was gone. “It is always a little sad to say good-bye to a friend,” said Owl.

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Owl came home. He put on his pajamas and went to bed. The room was very dark. Owl was still feeling sad. All at once, Owl’s bedroom was filled with silver light. Owl looked out of the window. The moon was coming from behind the clouds. “Moon, you have followed me all the way home. What a good, round friend you are!” said Owl.

Then Owl put his head on the pillow and closed his eyes. The moon was shining down through the window. Owl did not feel sad at all.

COPYRIGHT © 1975 BY ARNOLD LOBEL. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.

DePaola, Tomie. Pancakes for Breakfast. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1978. (1978)

This is a wordless book appropriate for kindergarten.

Arnold, Tedd. Hi! Fly Guy. New York: Scholastic, 2006. (2006) From Chapter 1

A fly went flying. He was looking for something to eat—something tasty, something slimy. A boy went walking He was looking for something to catch—something smart, something for The Amazing Pet Show. They met. The boy caught the fly in a jar. “A pet!” He said. The fly was mad. He wanted to be free. He stomped his foot and said—Buzz! The boy was surprised. He said, “You know my name! You are the smartest pet in the world!”

From HI! FLY GUY by Tedd Arnold. Scholastic Inc./Cartwheel Books. Copyright © 2005 by Tedd Arnold. Used by per- mission.

Poetry

Anonymous. “As I Was Going to St. Ives.” The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. Edited by Iona and Peter Opie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. (c1800, traditional)

As I was going to St. Ives, I met a man with seven wives, Each wife had seven sacks, Each sack had seven cats, Each cat had seven kits: Kits, cats, sacks, and wives, How many were there going to St. Ives?

Rossetti, Christina. “Mix a Pancake.” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1893)

Mix a pancake, Stir a pancake, Pop it in the pan; Fry the pancake, Toss the pancake— Catch it if you can.

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Fyleman, Rose. “Singing-Time.” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1919)

I wake in the morning early And always, the very first thing, I poke out my head and I sit up in bed And I sing and I sing and I sing.

Milne, A. A. “Halfway Down.” When We Were Very Young. Illustrated by Ernest H. Shepard. New York: Dutton, 1988. (1924)

Chute, Marchette. “Drinking Fountain.” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1957)

When I climb up To get a drink, It doesn’t work The way you’d think.

I turn it up, The water goes And hits me right Upon the nose.

I turn it down To make it small And don’t get any Drink at all.

From Around and About by Marchette Chute, published 1957 by E.P. Dutton. Copyright renewed by Marchette Chute, 1985. Reprinted by permission of Elizabeth Hauser.

Hughes, Langston. “Poem.” The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. New York: Knopf, 1994. (1958)

Ciardi, John. “Wouldn’t You?” Read-Aloud Rhymes for the Very Young. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Marc Brown. New York: Knopf, 1986. (1961)

If I Could go As high And low As the wind As the wind As the wind Can blow—

I’d go!

COPYRIGHT © 1962 BY JOHN CIARDI. Used by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.

Wright, Richard. “Laughing Boy.” Winter Poems. Selected by Barbara Rogasky. Illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman. New York: Scholastic, 1994. (1973) [Note: This poem was originally titled “In the Falling Snow.”]

Greenfield, Eloise. “By Myself.” Honey, I Love, and Other Love Poems. Illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon. New York: Crowell, 1978. (1978)

Giovanni, Nikki. “Covers.” The 20th Century Children’s Poetry Treasury. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. Illustrated by Meilo So. New York: Knopf, 1999. (1980)

Glass covers windows to keep the cold away Clouds cover the sky to make a rainy day

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