Carroll's three stratum theory of intelligence

Response To Other Student Discussion: Intelligence: From Theory To Test

we learned theories of intelligence. They comprise Spearman's two-factor theory (1927); Cattell-Horn's two-factor theory (1966); Luria's information processing approach (1966); Cattell-Horn and Carroll's CHC model (1997); and Carroll's three-stratum theory (1997). Charles Spearman’s two factor theory of intelligence emphasizes on the aspect of the general intelligence ability factor, which is called (g). In this theory, intellectual abilities are due to the general ability (g) and specific abilities (Cohen, Swerdlik, & Sturman, 2013, p. 283). In particular, there is usually a large (g) correlation. This represents the general intelligence. Spearman’s intelligence theory states that the higher the value of g, the higher the overall intelligence of the test (Cohen, Swerdlik, & Sturman, 2013).

For reliability, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children assesses the quantitative data and the wide exposure to both cultural and social factors .it measure the children’ s or student’s cognitive strength and weakness. As a matter of fact, it depends on the Spearman’s theory .This is because the model is based on intelligence and evaluating the amount of intelligence in an overall test. Adult intelligence scales should acquire abilities of language, general information retention, quantitative reasoning, and social judgment. Also, Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales is based on intelligence and thus related to Spearman’s theory.

On the other hand, Luria’s information processing approach (1966) focusses on how we are learning instead of what is being learned. The processing abilities for this approach are parallel processing and sequential processing. In the sequential processing, information is grasped once while in parallel process, information simultaneously learned and combine. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children is based on Luria’s information processing theory and attempts to assesses the distinction between successive and simultaneous learning.

For the Cattell-Horn’s two factor theory, there is a distinction between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. Crystallized intelligence is the acquired knowledge that is associated to cultural beliefs. Usually , the overall intelligence (g) is the top level in this theory .The Cattell-Horn Carroll (CHC) model is an integration of theories and thus serves a as a dual theory. It is primarily invented to bring new dimensions in the practice of psychological assessment so as to accurately identify tests The Woodcock-Johnson III evaluates general intelligence abilities, educational aptitude, achievement, and language. It relies on the CHC model.

When measuring intelligence, it is a requirement required to compare examinee’s performance on more than one as well as different kinds of tests. This helps to estimate levels of performance. For tests on dual theoretical basis, it is crucial to decipher on what is being tested. As far as my future career is concerned, I think CHC model aligns well with my career path and therefore would choose it. Importantly, use of the CHC model permits tests to be carefully performed on different components. Though it has a demerit in that it does not focus general intelligence, its feature of integrating many theories which leads to correct diagnosis.

Reference

Cohen, R.J., Swerdlik, M.E., Sturman, E.D. (2013). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurements (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

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