Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Common fallacies in advertising

06/01/2021 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 3 days

Examine written and visual advertisements.


Select five advertisements that demonstrate the use of five different fallacies outlined in the University of Phoenix Material: Common List of Logical Fallacies.


Write a 350-word summary for each of your selected advertisements in which you address the following: in apa format


Summarize the content of the advertisement.

Identify the fallacy portrayed by the advertisement.

Describe how the fallacy is used as a persuasive argument.

Explain why you think that the creators of the advertisement used the fallacy to promote this product or concept.



Common Logical Fallacies




The following is a list of common fallacies. Some are covered in the textbook, and others are introduced by the faculty member. Use this document for your reference.




1. Ad hominem, or attacking the person: This fallacy involves attacking the arguer rather than his or her argument. Consider the following example: John's objections to capital punishment carry no weight because he is a convicted felon.




Note. Saying something negative about someone is not automatically ad hominem. If you are discussing a person—such as a politician—criticizing him or her does not mean you have created an ad hominem fallacy.




2. Ad ignorantium, or appeal to ignorance: This fallacy, sometimes called the burden of proof fallacy, involves arguing on the basis of what is not known and cannot be proven; if you can't prove that something is true, then it must be false, and vice versa. Consider the following example: You can't prove the Loch Ness monster doesn’t exist, so there must be one.




3. Ad verecundiam, or appeal to authority: This fallacy involves trying to convince the listener by appealing to the reputation of a famous or respected person. This often involves an authority in one field speaking about a subject outside of his or her expertise. A sports star with little car expertise who endorses a car and the actor on a TV commercial who says "I'm not a doctor, but I play one on TV” are examples of this fallacy.




4. Affirming the consequent: This fallacy involves an invalid form of the conditional argument in which the second premise affirms the consequent of the first premise and the conclusion affirms the antecedent. Consider the following example: If he wants to get that job, he must know Spanish. He knows Spanish, so he will get the job.




5. Amphiboly: This is a fallacy of syntactical ambiguity in which the position of words in a sentence or the juxtaposition of two sentences conveys a mistaken idea. This fallacy is like equivocation except that the ambiguity does not result from a shift in meaning of a single word or phrase; it is created by word placement. Consider the following example: Jim said he saw Jenny walk her dog through the window. She should be reported for animal abuse.




6. Appeal to emotion: In this fallacy, the arguer uses emotional appeals rather than logic to persuade the listener. This fallacy may appeal to various emotions, including pride, pity, fear, hate, vanity, or sympathy. Generally, the issue is oversimplified to the advantage of the arguer. Consider the following example: An activist group which uses horrific or disturbing imagery unrelated to their cause.




7. Argument from analogy, or false analogy: This is an unsound form of the inductive argument in which an argument relies heavily on a weak analogy. Consider the following example: This must be a great car because, like the finest watches in the world, it was made in Switzerland.




8. Begging the question: This is an argument in which the conclusion is implied or already assumed in the premises. It is also referred to as a circular argument. Consider the following example: Of course the Bible is the word of God. Why? Because God says so in the Bible.




9. Slippery slope: This fallacy involves a line of reasoning that argues against a course of action because it assumes that if you take the first step, you will inevitably follow through to an assumed conclusion. This fallacy uses the valid form of hypothetical syllogism, but uses guesswork for the premise. Consider the following example: We cannot allow students any voice in decision making on campus; if we do, it won't be long before they are in total control.




10. Common belief: This fallacy, which is sometimes called the bandwagon or appeal-to-popularity fallacy, is committed when we assert a statement to be true because many other people allegedly believe it. Being widely believed is not proof or evidence of the truth. Consider the following example: Of course Nixon was guilty in Watergate. Everybody knows that.




11. Past belief: This is a form of the common-belief fallacy. The same error in reasoning is committed except the claim is based on outdated beliefs or support. Consider the following example: We all know women should obey their husbands. After all, marriage vows have contained those words for centuries.




12. Contrary-to-fact hypothesis: This fallacy is committed when one states with an unreasonable degree of certainty that the hypothetical results of an event would have occurred. Consider the following example: If President George H. W. Bush had not gone into the Persian Gulf with military force when he did, Saddam Hussein would control the oil in Saudi Arabia today.




13. Denying the antecedent: An invalid form of the conditional argument in which the second premise denies the antecedent of the first premise, and the conclusion denies the consequent. This is often mistaken for modus tollens. Consider the following example: If she qualifies for a promotion, she must speak English. She doesn’t qualify for the promotion, so she must not know how to speak English.




14. Division: This fallacy is committed when we conclude that any part of a particular whole must have a characteristic because the whole has that characteristic. Consider the following example: I am sure that Karen plays the piano well because her family is so musical.




15. Composition: This fallacy is committed when we conclude that a whole must have a characteristic because some part of it has that characteristic. Consider the following example: The entire Dawson family must be rich because Fred Dawson makes a lot from his practice.




16. False dilemma: This fallacy, which is often called the either/or fallacy or a false dichotomy, assumes that we must choose one of two alternatives instead of allowing for other possibilities; it a false form of disjunctive syllogism. Consider the following example: Either you can love the United States of America, or you can move to another country.




17. Equivocation: This fallacy is a product of semantic ambiguity. The arguer uses the ambiguous nature of a word or phrase to shift the meaning to make his or her argument more convincing. Consider the following example: We realize that workers are idle during periods of lay-offs. However, the government should never subsidize idleness, which has often been condemned as a vice. Therefore, payments to laid-off workers are wrong.




18. Hasty generalization: This fallacy involves a generalization accepted on the support of a sample that is too small or too biased to warrant it. Consider the following example: All men are rats! Just look at the louse I married.




19. Post hoc and ergo propter hoc: This fallacy—which means after this, therefore caused by this—is a form of the false-cause fallacy in which it is inferred that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second event. Consider the following example: Mary joined our class and the next week we all did poorly on the quiz. It must be her fault.




20. Inconsistency: An argument is inconsistent or self-contradicting if it contains, explicitly or implicitly, two assertions that are logically incompatible with each other. Inconsistencies can also occur between words and actions. Consider the following example: That woman represents herself as a feminist, yet doesn’t believe women should run for Congress.




21. Non sequitur: In this fallacy, which means it does not follow, the premise of the arguement has no direct relationship to the conclusion. This fallacy often appears in political speeches and advertising. For example, a waterfall in the background of a commercial and a beautiful person in the foreground have nothing to do with an automobile's performance.




22. Non causa pro causa, or questionable cause: This form of the false-cause fallacy occurs when the cause for an occurrence is identified on insufficient evidence. Consider the following example: I can't find the checkbook; I am sure that my husband hid it so I couldn't go shopping today.




23. Red herring: This fallacy introduces an irrelevant issue into a discussion as a diversionary tactic. It distracts people from the topic being discussed. Consider the following example: Many people say engineers need more writing practice, but I would like to remind these people of how difficult it is to master the math and drawing skills engineering requires.




24. Slanting: This is a form of misrepresentation in which a true statement is made, but is made to suggest that something is not true or to give a false description through the manipulation of connotation. Consider the following example: I can't believe how much money is being poured into the space program The word poured in this case suggests heedless and unnecessary spending.




25. Straw man: This fallacy occurs when someone misrepresents an opponent's position to make it easier to attack, usually by distorting the opponent’s views to ridiculous extremes. This can also take the form of attacking only the weak premises in an opposing argument while ignoring the strong ones. Consider the following example: Those who favor gun-control legislation just want to take all guns away from responsible citizens, and give them to criminals.




26. Two wrongs make a right: This fallacy is committed when someone tries to justify a bad or imprudent action with charges of a similar wrong. The underlying assumption is that if some people do it, then others are justified in doing the same thing. Supporters of apartheid, for example, are often guilty of this error in reasoning. They point to former U.S. slavery practices to justify their system.




27. Far-fetched hypothesis: This fallacy of inductive reasoning is committed when we accept a particular hypothesis when a more acceptable hypothesis, or one more strongly based on fact, is available. Consider the following example: The church with a large membership of African-American individuals was set on fire after the civil rights meeting last night. Therefore, the church leader and the minister must have done it to cast suspicion on the local segregationists.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

University Coursework Help
Helping Hand
Top Essay Tutor
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
University Coursework Help

ONLINE

University Coursework Help

Hi dear, I am ready to do your homework in a reasonable price.

$62 Chat With Writer
Helping Hand

ONLINE

Helping Hand

I am an Academic writer with 10 years of experience. As an Academic writer, my aim is to generate unique content without Plagiarism as per the client’s requirements.

$60 Chat With Writer
Top Essay Tutor

ONLINE

Top Essay Tutor

I have more than 12 years of experience in managing online classes, exams, and quizzes on different websites like; Connect, McGraw-Hill, and Blackboard. I always provide a guarantee to my clients for their grades.

$65 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

ENGLISH 102 FICTION BLOG - Bushfire management overlay bmo - Marketing creates needs and wants - Lake catani campground map - Calculating iv flow rate ml hr - Public relations assistant cover letter - Discussion: Define 9/11 - Boat salvage lift bags - +61 3 8202 5218 - Data Management Systems - How to beat your nafs in islam - Finding child care is important to me because - You're a good man charlie brown lucy - Cloud Computing discussion IaaS - Identifying - Buchan caves to lakes entrance - Project Management - Due in 48 Hours - APA Expert - - Moonbeam company manufactures toasters - Personal social media audit - Marissa Jones Only!!!! - Unit 4 Leading Change Management - Sample dissertation proposal in education - Belgrave nominees pty ltd v barlin-scott airconditioning pty ltd - Unholy Blades Company: Crafting Exquisite Custom Handmade Damascus Knives - Sixoxan weekia - Solubility of a salt lab answer key - Emc hba compatibility matrix - Radius ratio of cscl - 0.4 is 10 times as much as - Technical project paper information systems security - Annotated Bibliography - Musical Critique - Labour Economic Essay approx. 1000 words - Psychology - Is flat rate simple interest - Applying the 21 synectics steps examples - All about public policy worksheet answers - Yea saying and nay saying - Distance from sun to venus in miles - Tri component model of attitudes example - Java question - Building security policy examples - Business Plan Financial Analysis - Fault in our stars eulogy - George ritzer sociological theory pdf download - New york mining disaster 1941 wiki - Brain candy questions and answers - Europa foods london - Duncan guthrie institute of medical genetics - Treetops dog rescue guildford - Stat transfer 14 license key - The school by donald barthelme theme - Meaning of my immortal - Apogee field panel user's manual 125 3000 - Dr mike wasilisin net worth - Block method vs point by point - Bazley v tortorich case brief - Ecdis base display information - 29/7 as a mixed number - Micrologic 6.0 e settings - What objects tell the story of your life - River riding math worksheet answer - Zappos works to improve customer service employee satisfaction by - Methodology Plan for Mock Dissertation - LEGAL Forum Week 1# - 2018 dog gate the ingenious mesh instructions - The wallace group case analysis - Leigh mills channel 15 baby - Final Paper - Presentation power point. - C program to implement rc4 algorithm - Teaching pediatrics to nursing students - Results of poor listening - Unimelb bachelor of environments - Is it alive worksheet - The gypsy moth is a serious threat to oak - Jen buys sesame bagels and plain bagels - Growth - Parkin economics 12th edition answers - Commercial manager job description - Fallout 76 demonstrate pioneer scout values - Individual healthcare identifier number - Delivering healthcare in america a systems approach 7th edition - Discussion 2: The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy-Making - Lopeswrite grand canyon university - The boy in the striped pajamas vocabulary - Telstra byo business plans - The wedding case study project management - Discussion 1 250 words by 08/26/ 2020 at 2:00 pmplease add references and citations - Graphing rational functions worksheet - WittyPenman001 - Year 9 history syllabus - Psy 450 week 2 cultural considerations presentation - Psy 315 week 1 worksheet - Work and efficiency formula - Is phillip noyce aboriginal - Equivalent circuit of separately excited dc motor - Which of the following is one of the earliest indicators of an employee's possible alcoholism? - Math calculus - Do uniforms make schools safer