Cormier and hackney counseling model

Stages in the helping process

Common Elements

We draw on contrasting theories of human behaviour

Use different models of practice

Implement diverse interventions

Serve wide varying clients

Goal : Assist clients in coping effectively with problems and improving quality of lives

2

A PROCESS

A set of activities that begins, develops, and ends.

each with main areas of focus and tasks to accomplish

Aimed at reducing concerns

3

Counselling stages

Rapport and Relationship Building

Assessment / Problem Definition

Goal-setting

Initiating Interventions

Termination

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

4

Stage One Relationship Building

Laying foundations for trust

Establishing the structure and form the relationship will take - voluntary vs involuntary

Articulating roles (ie counsellor and client )

5

Stage One Relationship Building

Develop rapport and create relationship:

-introduce self

-use person’s name

-be clear your role

-be clear about the purpose

-active listening

6

Regardless of therapeutic orientation – this holds true

The relationship is an ongoing one and rapport is built over a number of meetings in some circumstances

Stage One Relationship Building

Originally proposed by Rogers (1957)

Empathetic understanding

Unconditional positive regard

Congruence- agreement

7

Regardless of therapeutic orientation – this holds true. “ Being present to the other “

Core Conditions

Empathy - understanding of the others experience

Unconditional positive regard – see the person of worth; be non-judgmental

Congruence - Genuine self in client interaction; spontaneity

Nystul (2003)

Stage One Relationship Building

Be clear about the purpose of the interview

Establish your credentials –who are you?

Attend to your own non-verbal behaviors, - eye contact

Stage One Relationship Building

Speak clearly and calmly in friendly manner

Approach the person with a non-judgmental attitude

Listen to what is said and not said

Don’t interrupt

Stage One Relationship Building

Avoid jargon

Listen to the persons world view

Normalise the person’s anxiety- “It seems hard for you to talk about this.”

Counseling Process Structure

Rapport and Relationship Building

Assessment / Problem Definition

Goal-setting

Initiating Interventions

Termination

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

Stage Two Assessment

The presenting problem – what kind of change is sought

What’s the worker’s role?

See problem in the context of the person’s world

Focus - Presenting problem and context

Basic Questions

What concerns brought you here?

Why now?

What do you want to talk about today?

How is it impacting your daily life?

Detailed Inquiry

Clarify stressors

Elicit

coping skills,

social support,

and resources

Clarify life function

work

family

health

intimacy

Sperry, Carlson, & Kjos, 2003, Table 4.3, pp. 67-68.

There will be core questions asked of a person using a service that are designed to elicit specific information. Including; age, living arrangements, family relationships etc

Think about what a midwife/health practitioner might be required to ask ?

What type of questions might a drug and alcohol counsellor be required to ask?

14

Basic Questions

How have you tried to make change?

What is your / my role in your treatment?

Detailed Inquiry

Probe

Efforts to change

Efforts vs. successes

Clarify client explanatory model

Identify treatment /solution options

Specify readiness for change

Focus

Sperry, Carlson, & Kjos, 2003, Table 4.3, pp. 67-68.

15

Basic Questions

What else do you think I should know?

Do you have any questions for me?

Detailed Inquiry

Use an open-ended query

Allows the client to add information.

Creates sense of reciprocal and collaborative relationship.

Focus - Wind down

Sperry, Carlson, & Kjos, 2003, Table 4.3, pp. 67-68.

Rapport and Relationship Building

Assessment / Problem Definition

Goal-setting

Initiating Interventions

Termination

Counselling Process Structure

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

Rapport and Relationship Building

Assessment / Problem Definition

Goal-setting

Initiating Interventions

Termination

Counseling Process Structure

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

Stage Three Goal Setting

The person says what they want

takes the ‘driver’s seat’-ownership and motivation

Clear goals help create ownership and a roadmap

Indicates how well counselling is working

Prevents dependent relationships

Determines the selection of interventions

Goals can change, or evolve

Goal setting

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

Goal Setting

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

Goals are mutually agreed by both worker and client;

‘I want to be happy in my relationship.’

‘I want to stop drinking alcohol’

‘I want to be able to enjoy my children and not get angry’

Goals should be clear and specific. The particular approach being used in counselling will influence how conversations occur around goals.

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Rapport and Relationship Building

Assessment / Problem Definition

Goal-setting

Initiating Interventions

Termination

Counselling Process Structure

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

Stage Four Initiating intervention

Offer perspectives on new ways to approach issue

“How will we accomplish this goal?”

Must be related to the problem

Stage Four Intervention

In a good treatment plan…

-goals are clearly defined and reachable

-can be adapted with time

-positive and action-oriented

- client is motivated to follow through

Rapport and Relationship Building

Assessment / Problem Definition

Goal-setting

Initiating Interventions

Termination

Counseling Process Structure

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

Stage Five Termination/ending

Be mindful of avoiding dependency

Preparation for ending begins at the beginning

Plan for possibility of future need

Termination considered also when counseling is not helpful

Termination

Identify a date in advance

Review progress, create closure in client-counsellor relationship

Plan for future

A means of empowering client

Sperry, Carlson, & Kjos, 2003, pp. 176-179.

No clear cut ending, but no need to continue beyond usefulness

A signal the counselor and the client that the work is accomplished

May take the same number of sessions as rapport building.

Termination

Suggested termination, with client agreement

Imposed termination

Situational termination

Early termination, clients just don’t return.

Types of Termination

Hackney & Cormier, 2001, pp. 23-42.

Next Week…

Skills in Counselling