Cqu harvard referencing

An Abridged Guide

to the

Academic Learning Centre

School of Access Education

Edition T1 2017

Harvard

Referencing Style

The Abridged Guide to the Harvard Referencing Style (author-date) is based on:

Commonwealth of Australia 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, John Wiley

& Sons Australia, Milton, Qld.

This document can be found on CQUniversity’s referencing Web site at

http://www.cqu.edu.au/referencing (click on Harvard).

Other information about academic writing is available via the Academic Learning Centre’s Moodle site.

Maintained by School of Access Education

Edition T1 2017

Published by CQUniversity Australia

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

WARNING

This Material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of CQUniversity

pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act).

The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act.

Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright

protection under the Act.

Do not remove this notice.

CQUniversity CRICOS Codes: 00219C – Qld; 01315F – NSW; 01624D – Vic

http://www.cqu.edu.au/referencing
An Abridged Guide to the Harvard Referencing Style Edition T1, 2017

Academic Learning Centre SAE i

Table of Contents

How to use this guide .......................................................................................................... 1

Part 1: Terms and concepts vital for using Harvard ............................................................... 1

Why reference? ..................................................................................................................... 1

Key terms ............................................................................................................................... 2

What is plagiarism? ................................................................................................................ 4

How to reference ................................................................................................................ 4

Getting started with the reference list .................................................................................. 5

In-text citations .................................................................................................................... 10

Paraphrasing and summarising ........................................................................................... 12

Quotations ........................................................................................................................ 13

Verbs that help with author prominent referencing ........................................................... 15

Copying or reproducing tables, figures or images ............................................................... 16

Capitalisation for in-text citations and reference lists .......................................................... 19

Symbols ............................................................................................................................. 20

Acronyms and initialisms ................................................................................................... 21

Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 23

Latin words and their abbreviations ................................................................................... 27

Part 2: How to use citation examples to assist with your reference list ................................ 28

Hard copy books .................................................................................................................. 29

E-Books ................................................................................................................................ 36

Hard copy journal articles .................................................................................................... 37

Online or electronic journals ............................................................................................... 39

Hardcopy newspaper articles .............................................................................................. 40

Online newspaper articles ................................................................................................... 40

Reports ................................................................................................................................. 41

Conference papers ............................................................................................................... 42

Other documents on the World Wide Web (WWW) .......................................................... 43

Government documents ...................................................................................................... 45

Government or legal documents as hard copies ................................................................. 46

Law cases ............................................................................................................................. 47

University-provided study materials as hard copies ........................................................... 48

University-provided electronic and multimedia study materials ........................................ 49

Multimedia on the web ....................................................................................................... 52

Specialised sources .............................................................................................................. 53

Index ................................................................................................................................. 58

An Abridged Guide to the Harvard Referencing Style P a g e | 1 Academic Learning Centre SAE Edition T1, 2017

How to use this guide This guide provides an introduction to the intricacies of referencing using the CQUniversity Harvard

style of referencing. Part 1 offers explanations of terms and concepts that are vital for the

development of your knowledge so you can become proficient at referencing. Labelled and

annotated examples are used to assist you. There are a number of variations on the Harvard style of

referencing and it is important for you to use the style shown in this guide.

Once you are familiar with some of the concepts and key words, you will find it much easier to use

Part 2 of this guide which contains further examples of in-text and reference-list references.

Referencing requires attention to detail, so you will need to refer to these examples and explanations

a number of times as you develop references for your assignments.

There is much more information about these concepts available to students of CQUniversity in the

form of on-campus workshops, online workshops, Info Sheets and videos. These can be found on the

Academic Learning Centre (ALC) Moodle site. If you are enrolled in a degree at CQUniversity it is also

possible to ask an ALC adviser for some assistance with referencing.

Part 1: Terms and concepts vital for using Harvard

Why reference?

In academic work, you are expected to research specific topics by reading about those topics using a

range of different sources. Referencing is how you acknowledge the sources of information you have

drawn on in your research. References must be provided whenever you use someone else’s opinions,

theories or data. This enables you to:

 support your work with the authoritative work of other authors

 avoid plagiarism by giving credit to the original source of an idea or piece of information

 demonstrate your knowledge of a topic and show that you have researched, read,

thought about and come to a point of view on it.

You need to reference information from books, articles, DVDs, the World Wide Web, other print or

electronic sources and personal communications. A reference is required if you:

 use a direct quotation

 copy or reproduce (e.g. use figures, tables or structure)

 paraphrase (put another person’s ideas into your own words)

 summarise (give a brief account of another person’s ideas).

The terms above and many others are explained in the following section.

http://www.newcastle.edu.au/Resources/Divisions/Academic/Library/information-skills/foundation-portal/referencing-definition.html
P a g e | 2 An Abridged Guide to the Harvard Referencing Style Edition T1, 2017 Academic Learning Centre SAE

Key terms

Term Explanation

Author The person, group or organisation that created the source. There may be single or multiple authors; or single or multiple editors; or organisations may be credited as authors rather than specific individuals. If the source has no designated author you may use the title in place of the author.

Bibliography A complete list of all sources consulted when preparing a piece of work, whether cited in-text or not. It records the full publication details of each source in the same way as for a reference list. Use a bibliography only if specifically requested to do so.

Copy or reproduce Inserting an image, figure or table from a source in your own work without modifying it in any way. If you reproduce a table in your work, you should label it as a table and include a citation. Tables should be numbered sequentially with a title above and citation below. If you include data, or some columns of data, from a table in your work, you also need to include a citation.

If you include an image, diagram or visual in your text it is referred to as a Figure or a Table which should be numbered sequentially, e.g. Figure 1 or Table 1. These are called labels. The source of the image, figure or table should be typed under the label.

E-book, e-book or eBook

An eBook is an electronic version of a print book that can be downloaded and read on a computer or other digital device. However, printed copies may not exist and the eBook may be the only version of the text. You may find a complete book or chapters of the eBook. Some of these are free and other must be bought from publishers or suppliers.