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Smarthistory guide to Ancient Roman Art

Smarthistory guide to Ancient Roman Art

DR. JESSICA LEAY AMBLER, DR. DARIUS ARYA, DR. JEFFREY A.

BECKER, DR. LEA CLINE, DR. ANDREW FINDLEY, DR. STEVEN FINE,

DR. JULIA FISCHER, DR. VALENTINA FOLLO, DR. BERNARD

FRISCHER, DR. BETH HARRIS, DR. JACLYN NEEL, DR. ELIZABETH

MARLOWE, DR. PAUL A. RANOGAJEC, DR. LAUREL TAYLOR, DR.

FRANCESCA TRONCHIN, AND DR. STEVEN ZUCKER

Smarthistory ● Brooklyn

Smarthistory guide to Ancient Roman Art by Dr. Jessica Leay Ambler, Dr. Darius Arya, Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker, Dr. Lea Cline, Dr. Andrew Findley, Dr. Steven Fine, Dr. Julia Fischer, Dr. Valentina Follo, Dr. Bernard Frischer, Dr. Beth Harris, Dr. Jaclyn Neel, Dr. Elizabeth Marlowe, Dr. Paul A. Ranogajec, Dr. Laurel Taylor, Dr. Francesca Tronchin, and Dr. Steven Zucker is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

AP® Art History is a trademark registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this publication.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Contents

xi About Smarthistory

xiii Editors

xv Map

Part I. An introduction to the art of Ancient Rome

1. Introduction to ancient Roman art 3 Dr. Jessica Leay Ambler

2. The classical orders of architecture 9 Dr. Jessica Leay Ambler

3. Damnatio memoriae—Roman sanctions against memory 13 Dr. Francesca Tronchin

4. Digging through time A conversation

19 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Darius Arya

5. Pompeii, an introduction 21 Dr. Francesca Tronchin

6. The rediscovery of Pompeii and the other cities of Vesuvius 27 Dr. Francesca Tronchin

7. An introduction to ancient Roman architecture 33 Dr. Jessica Leay Ambler

8. Forum Romanum (The Roman Forum) 39 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

9. Imperial fora, Rome 45 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

v

10. Roman domestic architecture: the domus 51 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

11. Roman domestic architecture: the insula 55 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

12. Roman domestic architecture: the villa 59 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

13. Roman funeral rituals and social status: The Amiternum tomb and the tomb of the Haterii 65 Dr. Laurel Taylor

14. Looting, collecting, and exhibiting: the Bubon bronzes A conversation

69 Dr. Elizabeth Marlowe and Dr. Steven Zucker

Part II. Ancient Roman Wall Painting

15. Ancient Roman Wall Painting Styles 75 Dr. Jessica Leay Ambler

16. Painted Garden, Villa of Livia A conversation

81 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

17. Still Life with Peaches from Herculaneum 85 Dr. Lea Cline

18. Pompeii: House of the Vettii 89 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

19. Pompeii: Dionysiac frieze, Villa of Mysteries A conversation

93 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

Part III. Ancient Roman Republic

20. Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Rome 101 Dr. Andrew Findley

21. Temple of Portunus, Rome 105 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

22. Temple of Portunus, Rome A conversation

109 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

23. Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France 113 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

vi

24. Capitoline She-wolf 117 Dr. Jaclyn Neel

25. Bronze Capitoline Brutus A conversation

121 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

26. Tomb of the Scipios and the sarcophagus of Scipio Barbatus 125 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

27. Veristic male portrait A conversation

129 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

28. Head of a Roman Patrician 131 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

Part IV. Ancient Rome: Early Empire

29. Augustus of Primaporta 135 Dr. Julia Fischer

30. Augustus of Primaporta A conversation

139 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

31. Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace) 141 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

32. Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace) A conversation

147 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

33. Dioskourides, Gemma Augustea 153 Dr. Julia Fischer

34. Preparations for a Sacrifice 157 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

35. The Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) A conversation

161 Dr. Beth Harris, Dr. Steven Zucker, and Dr. Valentina Follo

36. The Arch of Titus and the Roman triumph 165 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

37. The Spoils of Jerusalem, Arch of Titus A conversation

169 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Fine

vii

38. Portrait Bust of a Flavian Woman (Fonseca Bust) A conversation

173 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

39. Portrait Bust of a Flavian Woman (Fonseca Bust) A conversation

175 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Elizabeth Marlowe

40. The Forum and Markets of Trajan 179 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

41. Markets of Trajan, Rome A conversation

187 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

42. Forum of Trajan, Rome A conversation

189 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

43. Column of Trajan, Rome 191 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

44. Column of Trajan, Rome A conversation

195 Dr. Beth Harris, Dr. Steven Zucker, and Dr. Valentina Follo

Part V. Ancient Rome: Middle Empire

45. The Pantheon, Rome 201 Dr. Paul A. Ranogajec

46. The Pantheon, Rome A conversation

209 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

47. A virtual tour of Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli A conversation

213 Dr. Bernard Frischer and Dr. Beth Harris

48. Maritime Theatre at Hadrian’s Villa A conversation

217 Dr. Bernard Frischer and Dr. Beth Harris

49. Pair of Centaurs Fighting Cats of Prey from Hadrian’s Villa A conversation

219 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

viii

50. Medea Sarcophagus A conversation

223 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

51. Equestrian Sculpture of Marcus Aurelius 227 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

52. Equestrian Sculpture of Marcus Aurelius A conversation

233 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

53. The importance of the archeological findspot: The Lullingstone Busts A conversation

237 Dr. Elizabeth Marlowe and Dr. Steven Zucker

54. Severan marble plan (Forma Urbis Romae) 241 Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker

55. Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus A conversation

245 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

Part VI. Ancient Rome: Late Empire

56. Trebonianus Gallus — emperor or athlete? A conversation

251 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Elizabeth Marlowe

57. Portraits of the Four Tetrarchs A conversation

255 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

58. Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine A conversation

259 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Darius Arya

59. The Colossus of Constantine A conversation

263 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

60. Arch of Constantine 265 Dr. Andrew Findley

61. Arch of Constantine, Rome A conversation

269 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

ix

62. The Symmachi Panel A conversation

275 Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker

277 Acknowledgements

x