Define the term policy impacts

Q1. What are the four kinds of executive agencies? a) executive departments, independent regulatory commissions, government corporations, and independent agencies b) executive departments, legislative departments, regulatory commissions, and judicial commissions c) independent agencies, collaborative agencies, nonprofit agencies, and regulatory agencies d) nonprofit organizations, government corporations, legislative departments, and judicial commissions

Q2. What is the difference between policy outputs and policy outcomes? a. Policy outcomes only produce intended consequences, whereas policy outputs may produce intended or unintended consequences. b. Policy outputs are the things actually done by agencies in pursuance of policy decisions and statements, whereas policy outcomes are the consequences for society, intended and unintended, that stem from deliberate governmental action or inaction. c. Policy outputs are intangible and hard to measure effectively, whereas policy outcomes can be readily counted, totaled, and statistically analyzed. 2 d. Policy outcomes are the things actually done by agencies in pursuance of policy decisions and statements, whereas policy outputs are the consequences for society, intended and unintended, that stem from deliberate governmental action or inaction.

Q3. _______ is a form of policy evaluation that employs social science methodology to measure effects of policies or programs and the extent to which they are achieving their goals or objectives. a. Impressionistic evaluation b. Systematic evaluation c. Experimental design d. Before-and-after study

Q4. What is one reason why policy termination is difficult to accomplish? a. It is hard to readily identify government policies that appear wasteful, unnecessary, or inappropriate. b. There are strict and complicated laws that protect policies from termination. c. Policies usually have a group of supporters who are strongly committed to the policy. d. Critics and opponents of a policy are often just as intense in their feelings as policy supporters.

Q5. The scientific policy studies approach to understanding public policymaking has three basic aims. Which of the following is NOT one of those aims? a. to identify or prescribe "good" or proper policy b. to develop reliable theories and explanations about public policies and their politics c. to search for the causes and consequences of public policies by applying socialscientific methodology d. to explain the adoption of a policy 3 Section B: Essay Questions (Total: 35 Points)

Q6. Discuss the steps that are involved in policy formulation including the roles of various governmental agencies and interest groups. Using an example, please discuss how policy formulation is a technical process. [10 points]

Q7. Discuss in detail the concepts of rule-making and adjudication using examples. [5 points]

Q8. Anderson states that “all policies incorporate an element of control” (p. 261: Chapter 6). Discuss in detail the various control techniques that are usually associated with policies. Please use examples in your answer [15 points]