Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Difference between systematic and random errors

16/12/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

1
ACID-BASE EXTRACTION: SEPARATION OF AN ORGANIC ACID, AN ORGANIC BASE, AND A NEUTRAL COMPOUND (5/27/09) Extraction is one of the oldest chemical operations, and it is, undoubtedly, the most frequently performed chemical operation. One or more extractions are performed during the isolation of the products from practically every organic chemical reaction. Whenever you make a pot of coffee, a cup of tea, or pot of vegetable soup you are performing an extraction (more precisely, a solid-liquid extraction). The isolation of trimyristin from nutmeg which you performed earlier is another example of a solid-liquid extraction. Solid-liquid extraction is commonly used by organic chemists to isolate natural products. However, organic chemists employ liquid-liquid extractions even more often than solid-liquid extractions. There are actually two types of liquid-liquid extractions: chemically passive and chemically active. In chemically passive extractions, distribution of a compound between two immiscible solvents occurs because of different solubilities in the two solvents, whereas in chemically active extractions, a compound is chemically altered to change its distribution between the two different solvents. This chemical alteration of a compound to change its distribution between the two solvents is most commonly done through an acid-base reaction. Sometimes, this type of extraction is referred to as an acid-base extraction. For an example of how a chemically active extraction works, let us consider the separation of a mixture of a neutral organic compound and a carboxylic acid. Let us assume that both compounds are soluble in diethyl ether but insoluble in water. A passive extraction using these to solvents obviously will not work. However, if the carboxylic acid were converted into its conjugate base, an anion which would be soluble in water but insoluble in diethyl ether, then a clean separation of the carboxylic acid (as its salt) from the neutral compound could be effected. Consider a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a carboxylic acid, both of which are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. If an ether solution of the mixture is treated with an aqueous solution of a base, Ether-soluble, water-insoluble mixture: COHOa hydrocarbon (neutral)a carboxylic acid (acidic)such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, the carboxylic acid will react to form its water soluble carboxylate anion, but the neutral hydrocarbon will not react. The hydrocarbon will remain ether-soluble and water-insoluble. By an acid-base reaction, we have converted the carboxylic acid (ether-soluble, water-insoluble) into its carboxylate anion (ether-insoluble, water-soluble).


Formation of a water-soluble salt: COHOether-soluble water-insoluble+OHCOO+H2Oether-insoluble water-solubleBy extraction of an ether solution containing a neutral compound and a carboxylic acid with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, we can separate the two compounds. The neutral compound remains in the ether layer, while the carboxylic acid reacts with hydroxide ion to formthe carboxylate anion, which dissolves in the water layer. The two layers are separated using a separatory funnel, and the aqueous layer is then acidified to regenerate the water-insoluble carboxylic acid. Recovery of the carboxylic acid: COHO+COOHcarboxylate anioncarboxylic acidUsing a similar acid-base reaction, amines (organic bases) can be separated from neutral or acidic compounds by conversion into their conjugate acids, water-soluble cations. Thus treatment of an ether solution of a mixture containing an amine with an aqueous acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid) produces a water-soluble cation that can be separated from water-insoluble compounds. Formation of a water-soluble salt: RNH2+HRNH3ether-soluble water-insolubleether-insoluble water-solubleAfter separation of the ether and water layers, the water layer is then treated with aqueous base to regenerate the water-insoluble amine.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Unique Academic Solutions
Assignment Helper
Writing Factory
Helping Hand
Engineering Help
Essay Writing Help
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Unique Academic Solutions

ONLINE

Unique Academic Solutions

I am an academic and research writer with having an MBA degree in business and finance. I have written many business reports on several topics and am well aware of all academic referencing styles.

$67 Chat With Writer
Assignment Helper

ONLINE

Assignment Helper

I find your project quite stimulating and related to my profession. I can surely contribute you with your project.

$74 Chat With Writer
Writing Factory

ONLINE

Writing Factory

I have read your project details and I can provide you QUALITY WORK within your given timeline and budget.

$74 Chat With Writer
Helping Hand

ONLINE

Helping Hand

I will be delighted to work on your project. As an experienced writer, I can provide you top quality, well researched, concise and error-free work within your provided deadline at very reasonable prices.

$78 Chat With Writer
Engineering Help

ONLINE

Engineering Help

I reckon that I can perfectly carry this project for you! I am a research writer and have been writing academic papers, business reports, plans, literature review, reports and others for the past 1 decade.

$50 Chat With Writer
Essay Writing Help

ONLINE

Essay Writing Help

As per my knowledge I can assist you in writing a perfect Planning, Marketing Research, Business Pitches, Business Proposals, Business Feasibility Reports and Content within your given deadline and budget.

$76 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Ni pv pmt fv calculator - Jolly phonics sounds ppt - Pre-Calculus homework ONLINE 100 to finish - Ted bundy childhood biography - How much do golf cart attendants make - Tomas luis de victoria o magnum mysterium analysis - Az 103 test exam - Jetblue balanced scorecard - Icris csc companies registry - Bachelor of electrical engineering unsw - English 10. - Green hoousing - Biology - Balance sheet in xbrl format - Schizophrenia Disorder - What is the vice president's only constitutional responsibility - Dunn inc is a privately held furniture manufacturer - Discussions(SPORT AND SOCIETY) - Discussion Pen Attack and Cyber Terrorism - Why do some executives refuse to function as project sponsors? - When remains are found, fleshed or skeletonized, the discoverer should: - How to find molarity of naoh from titration with khp - Ampex 8 track recorder - A heat engine with a thermal efficiency of 40 - Wrenn cultural encapsulation - Ucl interruption of study - Basic networking course outline - Rewrite the set by listing its elements - Gucci target market - Canmark research center airport survey - Knowledge work systems kws definition - Statistics homework MCs - ... - Gcu learn student - 1905 shirtwaist kansas city mo bargain mansions - 33 aberdeen street aberfeldie - Guy sebastian standing with you piano sheet music - Database - Rslogix 5000 export tag values to excel - Healthcare leadership model self assessment - Kit kat advertising strategy - Acs code of ethics pdf - Gangster disciples handshake tutorial - Dorothy barley junior school - How to write a formal analysis of a sculpture - Hacker handbooks com writersref 8th edition - Kim Woods only - Critical thinking Organizational Culture ( Change Management Plans ) - Post a two paragraph response to this question: What impression do you have of the character Madea when you are first introduced to her in the play? - Ethical and Moral Final Paper - What harvests energy from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar - N491 Discussion Mod 7 - Common mode gain of mosfet differential amplifier - Phase diagram of water - The Turning Variables Into Knowledge paper - Year 6 maths objectives - Unsw never stand still - MIS DS 8. - Information Technology - Pseudo random number generation lab solution - Jollibee australia sydney - Cloud Computing - Practical Connection - 5 hours - Advantages and disadvantages of sales promotion ppt - Access - Godfather baptism scene church - Three questions - National communication association credo for ethical communication - How does an actor prepare for a performance - Managerial Accounting - Master Budget Plan - Principles of taxation for business and investment planning - Ecological footprint lab - Python shopping cart - Rail fence cipher decryption example - Gordon wood the radicalism of the american revolution pdf - The following transactions were selected from the records of evergreen company: - Continuity equation for electrons and holes - Australian stomal therapy nurses association - Jk rowling harvard speech rhetorical analysis - Maladaptive responses to immune disorders - Explain the role the government plays in personal finance - Break even sales under present and proposed conditions - HS 2200 Social Welfare - Super replicator - Community college research center - Youth allowance student independent - Nmba rn standards of practice - Healthy People 2020- APA FORMAT - Point slope form khan academy answers - Nursing: Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice - How to get rid of self intersecting curves rhino - Workshop-3 vocabulary - Transit Guards - In n out burger interview questions - Cask of amontillado essay prompts - Lollipop commercial how many licks - Discussion com510 - Peer graded assignment assemble your toolbox - Where is the outsiders set - Cross training goals objectives - Fiji water unethical