Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Electrical resistance in series and parallel lab report

21/10/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

Lab Report

LAB EXPERIMENT INSTRUCTIONS

AC circuit analysis II

Lab # 3

RL Series and Parallel Circuits

Experiment #1: Series RL Circuits

Objectives:

After p11erforming this experiment you will be able to:

1. Compute the inductive reactance of an inductor from voltage measurement in a series RL circuit

2. Draw the impedance and voltage phasor diagram for series RL circuit.

3. Measure the phase angle in a series circuit using either of the two methods.

Materials Needed:

Resistor: 10 KΩ - 1 Piece.

Inductor: 100 mH – 1 Piece.

Summary of Theory:

When a sine wave drives a linear series circuit, the phase relationship between the current and the voltage are determined by the components in the circuit. The current and voltage are always in phase across resistors. With capacitors, the current is always leading the voltage by 90o, but for inductors, the voltage always leads the current by 90o.

Figure 3-1-1(a) illustrates a series RL circuit. The graphical representation of the phasors for this circuit is shown in Figure 3-1-1(b) and (c) respectively. As in the series RC circuit, the total impedance is obtained by adding the resistance and inductive reactance using the algebra for complex numbers. In this example, the current is 1.0 mA, and the total impedance is 5 KΩ. The current is the same in all components of a series circuit, so the current is drawn as a reference in the direction of the x-axis. If the current is multiplied by the impedance phasors, the voltage phasors are obtained and shown in Figure 3-1-(c).

image25.png

Figure 3-1-1 (a)

Procedure:

In this experiment, you learn how to make measurement of the phases angle. Actual inductors may have enough resistance to affect the phase angle in the circuit. You will use a series resistor that is large compared to the inductor’s resistance to avoid this error.

1. Measure the actual resistance of a 10 KΩ resistor and the inductance of a 100 mH inductor. If the inductor cannot be measured, record the listed value. Record the measured values in Table 3-1-1.

2. Connect the circuit shown in Fig 3-1-2. Set the generator voltage with the circuit connected to 3.0 VPP at a frequency of 25 KHz. The generator should have no dc offset. Measure the generator voltage and frequency with oscilloscope as many meters cannot respond to 25 KHz frequency. Use peak-to-peak readings for all the voltage and current measurements in this experiment.

image1.png

Figure 3-1-1 (b)

image24.png

Figure 3-1-1 (c)

Component

Listed Value

Measured Value

L1

100 mH

R1

10 KΩ

Table 3-1-1

image2.png

Figure 3-1-2

3. Using a two-channel oscilloscope, measure the peak-to-peak voltage across the resistor (VR) and the peak-to-peak voltage across the inductor (VL)

(see Fig. 3-1-3). Measure the voltage across the inductor using the difference technique described in experiment #2 of the Lab # 1. Record the voltage reading in Table 3-1-2.

VR

VL

I

XL

ZT

Table 3-1-2

4. Compute the peak-to-peak current in the circuit by applying Ohm’s Law to the resistor. That is

image3.wmf
R

V

I

R

=

Enter the computed current in Table 3-1-2.

5. Compute the inductive reactance, XL by applying Ohm’s Law to the inductor. The reactance is

image4.wmf
L

L

V

X

I

=

Enter Computed reactance in Table 3-1-2.
6. Calculate the total impedance (ZT) by applying Ohm’s Law to the entire circuit. Use the generator voltage set in step 2 (VS) and the current determined in step 4. Enter the computed impedance in Table 3-1-2.

7. Using the values listed in Table 3-1-1 and 3-1-2 draw the impedance phasors on the Plot 3-1-1(a) and the voltage phasors on the Plot 3-1-1(b) for the circuit at a frequency of 25 KHz.

image5.png

Plot 3-1-1

8. Compute the phase angle between VR and VS using trigonometric relation.

image6.wmf
1

L

R

V

Tan

V

q

-

æö

=

ç÷

èø

Enter the computed phase angle in Table 3-1-3.
9. Two methods for measuring phase angle will be used. The first method can be used with any oscilloscope. The second can only be used with oscilloscopes that have a “fine” or variable SEC/DIV control. Measure the phase angle between VR and VS using one or both methods. The measured phase angle will be recorded in Table 3-1-3.

Phase Angle Measurement: Method #1:

a) Connect the oscilloscope so that the channel 1 is across the generator and channel 2 is across the resistor. [See Fig 3-1-3]. Obtain a stable display showing between one and two cycles while viewing channel 1 (VS). The scope should be triggered from channel 1.

b) Measure the period T of the signal from the generator. Record it in Table 3-1-3. You will use this time, T, in step (e).

image7.png

Figure 3-1-3

c) Set the oscilloscope to view both channels. Do not have channel 2 inverted. Adjust the amplitude of the signals using the VOLTS/DIV, VERT POSITION, and vernier controls until both channels appear to have the same amplitude as seen on the scope face.

d) Spread the signal horizontally using the SEC/DIV control until both signals are just visible across the screen. The SEC/DIV control must remain calibrated. Measure the time between the two signals,

image8.wmf
t

D

, by counting the number of divisions along a horizontal graticule of the oscilloscope and multiplying the SEC/DIV setting. (See Fig. 3-1-4). Record the measured
image9.wmf
t

D

in Table 3-1-3.
e) The phase angle may now be computed from the equation.

image10.wmf
360

t

T

q

D

æö

=´°

ç÷

èø

Enter the measured phase angle in Table 3-1-3 under the phase angle – method 1.

Computed Phase Angle

image11.wmf
q

Measured Period

image12.wmf
T

Time Difference

image13.wmf
t

D

Phase Angle

Method 1

image14.wmf
q

Method 2

image15.wmf
q

Table 3-1-3

image16.png

Figure 3-1-4

Phase Angle Measurement – Method #2:

a) In this method the oscilloscope face will represent degrees, and the phase angle can be measured directly. The probes are connected as before. View channel 1 and obtain a stable display. Then adjust the SEC/DIV control and its vernier until you have exactly one cycle across the scope face. This is equivalent to 360o in 10 divisions, so each division is worth 36o.

b) Now switch the scope to view both channels. As before, adjust the amplitude of the signals using the VOLTS/DIV, VERT POSITION and vernier control until both channels appear to have the same amplitude.

c) Measure the number of divisions between the signals and multiply by 36o per division. Record the measured phase angle in Table 3-1-3 under phase angle-method 2.

Experiment #2: Parallel RL circuits:

Objectives:

After performing this experiment, you will be able to:

1. Determine the current phasor diagram for a parallel RL circuit.

2. Measure the phase angle between the current voltage for a parallel RL circuit.

3. Explain how an actual circuit differs from the ideal model of a circuit.

Materials Needed:

Resistors: 3.3 KΩ - 1 Piece, 47Ω - 2 Pieces.

Inductor: 100 mH – 1 Piece.

Summary of Theory:

In a parallel RL circuit, the current phasors will be drawn with reference to the voltage phasor. The direction of the current phasor in a resistor is always in direction of the voltage. Since current lags the voltage in an inductor, the current phasor is drawn at an angle of – 90o from the voltage reference. A parallel RL circuit and the associated phasors are shown in Figure 3-2-1.

image17.jpg

Figure 3-2-1

The practical inductors contain resistance that frequently is large enough to affect the purely reactive inductor phasor drawn in Figure 3-2-1. The resistance of an inductor can be thought of as a resistor in series with a pure inductor. The effect on the phasor diagram is to reduce an angle between IL and IR. In a practical circuit, this angle will be slightly less than the -90o shown in the Figure 3-2-1. This experiment illustrates the difference between the approximations of circuit performance based on ideal components and the actual measured values.

Recalling the previous experiment – RL series circuit, the phase angle between the source voltage, VS, and the resistor voltage, VR in a series circuit were measured. The oscilloscope is a voltage-sensitive device, so comparing these voltages is straightforward. In parallel circuits, the phase angle of interest is usually between the total current, IT, and one of the branch currents. To use the oscilloscope to measure the phase angle in a parallel circuit, we must convert the current to a voltage. This was done by inserting a small resistor in the branch where the current is to be measured. The resistor must be small enough not to have a major effect on the circuit.

Procedure:

1. Measure the actual resistance of a resistor with a color-code value of 3.3 KΩ and resistance of two current-sensing resistors of 47Ω each. Measure the inductance of a 100 mH inductor. Use the listed value if you cannot measure the inductor. Record the measured values in Table 3-2-1.

2. Measure the winding resistance of the inductor, RW , with an ohmmeter. Record the resistance in Table 3-2-1.

3. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 3-2-2. Notice that the reference ground connection is at the low side of the generator. This connection will enable you to use a generator that does not have a “floating” common connection. Using your oscilloscope, set the generator to a voltage of 6.0 VPP at 5 KHZ. Check both the voltage and frequency with your oscilloscope. Record all voltages and currents in this experiment as peak-to-peak values.

image18.png

Table 3-2-1

image19.png

Figure 3-2-2

4. Using the oscilloscope, measure the peak-to-peak voltages across R1, RS1 and RS2. Use the two channel difference method (described in Lab#1) to measure the voltage across the two ungrounded resistors. Apply Ohm’s Law to Compute the Current in each branch. Record the measured voltage drops and the computed currents in Table 3-2-1. Since L1 is in series with RS2, enter the same current for both.

5. Using the computed peak-to-peak currents from Table 3-2-1, draw the current phasors for the circuit on the Plot 3-2-1. [Ignore the effects of the sense resistors].

image20.png

Plot 3-2-1.

image21.wmf
1

L

R

I

Tan

I

q

-

æö

ç÷

ç÷

èø

=

Phase Angle

Between

Computed

Measured

IT and IR

IR and IL

90o

IT and IL

Table 3-2-2

6. The phasor diagram illustrates the relationship between the total current and the current in each branch. Using the measured currents, compute the phase angle between the total current (IT) and the current in R1 (IR). Then compute the phase angle between the total current (IT) and the current in L1 (IL). Enter the computed phase angles in Table 3-2-2 (Note that the computed angles should add up to 90o, the angle between IR and IL.

7. In this step, you will measure the phase angle between the generator voltage and current. This angle is approximately equal to the angle between IT and IR as show in Figure 3-2-1. (Why?). Connect the oscilloscope probes as shown in Figure 3-2-3. Measure the phase angle using one of the methods in the previous experiment. The signal amplitudes in each channel are quite different, so the vertical sensitivity controls should be adjusted to make each signal appear to have the same amplitude on the scope. Record the measured angle between IT and IR in Table 3-2-2.

image22.jpg

Figure 3-2-3

8. Replace RS1 with jumper. This procedure enables you to the reference the low side of R1 and RS2. Measure the angle between IL and IR by connecting the probes as shown in Fig 3-2-4. Ideally this measurement should be 90o, but because of the coil resistance, you will likely find a smaller value. Adjust both channels for the same apparent amplitude on the scope face. Record your measured result in the second line in the Table 3-2-2.

image23.png

Figure 3-2-4

9. By subtracting the angle measured in step 7 from the angle measured step 8, you can find the phase angle between IT and IL. Record this as the measured value on the third line of the Table 3-2-2.

Page 1 of 12

_1182578268.unknown
_1182578269.unknown
_1182578270.unknown
_1182620091.unknown
_1182620114.unknown
_1221974526.unknown
_1182578267.unknown
_1182578259.unknown
_1182576491.unknown
_1182576135.unknown
_1182575957.unknown
_1182575754.unknown

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Solutions Store
Writing Factory
Top Class Results
Coursework Helper
ECFX Market
Assignment Guru
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Solutions Store

ONLINE

Solutions Store

As per my knowledge I can assist you in writing a perfect Planning, Marketing Research, Business Pitches, Business Proposals, Business Feasibility Reports and Content within your given deadline and budget.

$17 Chat With Writer
Writing Factory

ONLINE

Writing Factory

I have read your project details and I can provide you QUALITY WORK within your given timeline and budget.

$21 Chat With Writer
Top Class Results

ONLINE

Top Class Results

I find your project quite stimulating and related to my profession. I can surely contribute you with your project.

$31 Chat With Writer
Coursework Helper

ONLINE

Coursework Helper

I can assist you in plagiarism free writing as I have already done several related projects of writing. I have a master qualification with 5 years’ experience in; Essay Writing, Case Study Writing, Report Writing.

$37 Chat With Writer
ECFX Market

ONLINE

ECFX Market

I am an elite class writer with more than 6 years of experience as an academic writer. I will provide you the 100 percent original and plagiarism-free content.

$44 Chat With Writer
Assignment Guru

ONLINE

Assignment Guru

I will provide you with the well organized and well research papers from different primary and secondary sources will write the content that will support your points.

$44 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

What is unusual about the new surgeon doll worksheet answers - Since 1990, job and wage research has shown that as the price of computer technology plummets, - Stephany evans literary agent - Competitive priorities in operations management ppt - Discover academic excellence with SpeedyPaper.com - Museum visit assignment - Change my rmit password - Side angle side worksheet - Levels of training needs assessment - New heritage doll company capital budgeting pdf - Answer each question - Why should students be able to use phones in school - According to the four-d model, appreciative inquiry begins by: - The world transformed 1945 to the present a documentary reader - Diamond foods annual report - Devil at my heels sparknotes - Managing and organizations an introduction to theory and practice pdf - Essay - The harlem dancer analysis - Jones blair company case study analysis - Corporate Accounting - Math 108 - 18 eugene street tarneit - Nursing: Qualitative Research/APA Essay Questions - Io non ho paura characters - Language techniques in pride and prejudice - Coll100 foundations of online learning - Is forum shopping ethical busi - Organizational Analysis Wk 2 - Apply: Signature Assignment: Organizational Analysis - What is an endorsement for scheduled medicines - Fairy tail wood magic - Decision tree plugin excel - Managing organizational change 3rd edition - University of huddersfield student finance - Complete combustion of propane - Rock and roll its history and stylistic development 6th edition - Psych - Average voltage of square wave - Zitac tablets for dogs - MSc Final Project - Writing - The nightingale and the rose character action - Event id 3036 mapi cannot be accessed - List of soliloquies in othello - Read the slide and answer the following questions in 400 words. ---Due in 4hours - Hsc physics data sheet - Communication between cultures samovar pdf - 6 hobson street sandringham - Discussion Board 5.1: Public Health Initiative: Town Hall Meeting - Week 1 project - How much does Costco pay per hour in Canada? - Fios espn channel number - Susan thompson buffett foundation glassdoor - Global perspectives short course - Discussion: Role of Theory in Research - Zask international medical supply inc - Business pride hughes kapoor pdf - 3820 presentation - Lord of the flies chapter 6 discussion questions - Prince2 project product description example - 4 Discussions - Endpoint Security - Specialised movement sequences in basketball - Rocksmith remastered acoustic guitar - Characteristics of living things reading comprehension - Modify essay - Occupational therapy council of australia ltd - 37 barford street speers point - Mark zuckerberg leadership style pdf - Who invented the camera obscura - Lab building proteins from rna assignment lab report - A touch of brightness by pratap sharma summary - Cutler pheasant poultry and beekeeping supplies - Examples of why english is a crazy language - Due 10/4/2020 1000 words advance directive in healthcare - Chapter 12 the strategy of international business - Tim curry married susan sarandon - Can You Please Solve this - Annotated Bibliography_3 - 270 pounds into kg - Dq - HTML programming Exercise 14.1 and 14.2 - Palestrina sicut cervus analysis - Mass effect 3 untrel - I joist installation guide - Elements of policy design - Case study 5.1 predicting harry's work effort - DISCUSSION POST 2 - Heart valves and pumps experiment - Maxwell relations chemical potential - Birdsong by chimamanda ngozi adichie characters - Microeconomics - Luisa muchas presiones este año - Egg drop challenge instructions - Elements of commedia dell'arte - Writing Assignment 5 - Problem 26.57 - Discussion #3 - Benzil melting point range - 12 o clock high toby jug