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Business Driven Technology

SEVENTH EDITION

Paige Baltzan

Daniels College of Business

University of Denver

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BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY, SEVENTH EDITION

Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2015, 2013, 2010, and 2009. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOR/DOR 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4

ISBN 978-1-259-56732-2 MHID 1-259-56732-X

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All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Baltzan, Paige, author. Title: Business driven technology / Paige Baltzan, Daniels College of Business, University of Denver. Description: Seventh edition. | New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, [2018] Identifiers: LCCN 2016038028 | ISBN 9781259567322 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Information technology—Management. | Management information systems. | Information resources management. | Industrial management—Technological innovations. Classification: LCC HD30.2 .H32 2018 | DDC 658.4/038—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016038028

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

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In memory of Allan R. Biggs, my father, my mentor, and my inspiration. Paige

To my mother Sophie, my father Thomas, my brother Tom, and my wonderful husband Mel– without whom I would not be who I am today. Thank you all for your love, support, and undying confidence in me. Patricia

D E D I C AT I O N

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vi * Brief Table of Contents

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1. Achieving Business Success Chapter 1: Business Driven Technology Chapter 2: Identifying Competitive Advantages Chapter 3: Strategic Initiatives for Implementing Competitive Advantages Chapter 4: Measuring the Success of Strategic Initiatives Chapter 5: Organizational Structures That Support Strategic Initiatives

2 Exploring Business Intelligence Chapter 6: Valuing and Storing Organizational Information—Databases Chapter 7: Accessing Organizational Information—Data Warehouses Chapter 8: Understanding Big Data and Its Impact on Business

3 Streamlining Business Operations Chapter 9: Enabling the Organization—Decision Making Chapter 10: Extending the Organization—Supply Chain Management Chapter 11: Building a Customer-Centric Organization—Customer Relationship Management Chapter 12: Integrating the Organization from End to End—Enterprise Resource Planning

4 Building Innovation Chapter 13: Creating Innovative Organizations Chapter 14: Ebusiness Chapter 15: Creating Collaborative Partnerships Chapter 16: Integrating Wireless Technology in Business

5 Transforming Organizations Chapter 17: Developing Software to Streamline Operations Chapter 18: Methodologies for Supporting Agile Organizations Chapter 19: Managing Organizational Projects

B R I E F T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

UNITS

B1 Business Basics B2 Business Process B3 Hardware and Software Basics B4 MIS Infrastructures B5 Networks and Telecommunications B6 Information Security

B7 Ethics B8 Operations Management B9 Sustainable MIS Infrastructures B10 Business Intelligence B11 Global Information Systems B12 Global Trends

T1 Personal Productivity Using IT T2 Basic Skills Using Excel T3 Problem Solving Using Excel T4 Decision Making Using Excel T5 Designing Database Applications T6 Basic Skills Using Access

T7 Problem Solving Using Access T8 Decision Making Using Access T9 Designing Web Pages T10 Creating Web Pages Using HTML T11 Creating Gantt Charts with Excel and Microsoft

Project

BUSINESS PLUG-INS

TECHNOLOGY PLUG-INS (CONNECT ONLY)

Apply Your Knowledge Projects Glossary

Notes Index

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Table of Contents * vii

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Metrics for Strategic Initiatives 62 Chapter 4 Case: Manipulating the Data to Find Your Version of the Truth 66

CHAPTER 5: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES THAT SUPPORT STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 71 Information Ethics 71

Information Does Not Have Ethics: People Do 72 Information Security 73

Security Threats Caused by Hackers and Viruses 74 Chapter 5 Case: Targeting Target 77 Learning Outcome Review 79 Review Questions 79 Making Business Decisions 79 Unit Summary 82 Key Terms 82 Unit Closing Case One: The Internet of Things 83 Unit Closing Case Two: Five Ways Hackers Can Get into Your Business 85 Apply Your Knowledge 87 AYK Application Projects 92

UNIT 2 94 Exploring Business Intelligence 94

Big Data, Big Business, Big Opportunities 95 Introduction 98

CHAPTER 6: VALUING AND STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION—DATABASES 99 The Business Benefits of High-Quality Information 99

Information Type: Transactional and Analytical 100 Information Timeliness 101 Information Quality 101 Information Governance 104

Storing Information Using a Relational Database Management System 104

Storing Data Elements in Entities and Attributes 105 Creating Relationships through Keys 105 Coca-Cola Relational Database Example 106

Using a Relational Database for Business Advantages 108 Increased Flexibility 108 Increased Scalability and Performance 108 Reduced Information Redundancy 109 Increased Information Integrity (Quality) 109 Increased Information Security 109

Driving Websites with Data 110 Website Data 110

Integrating Information among Multiple Databases 112 Data Integration 112

Chapter 6 Case: Political Microtargeting: What Data Crunchers Did for Obama 114

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

About the Author xi Preface xiv

UNIT 1 2 Achieving Business Success 2

Buy Experiences, Not Things 3 Introduction 5

CHAPTER 1: BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY 6 Competing in the Information Age 6

Data 7 Information 9 Business Intelligence 10 Knowledge 11

The Challenge: Departmental Companies 12 The Solution: Management Information Systems 13 Chapter 1 Case: The World Is Flat—Thomas Friedman 16

CHAPTER 2: IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 21 Identifying Competitive Advantages 21

SWOT Analysis: Understanding Business Strategies 23 The Five Forces Model—Evaluating Industry Attractiveness 24

Buyer Power 24 Supplier Power 25 Threat of Substitute Products or Services 25 Threat of New Entrants 26 Rivalry Among Existing Competitors 26 Analyzing the Airline Industry 26

The Three Generic Strategies—Choosing a Business Focus 27 Value Chain Analysis—Executing Business Strategies 28 Chapter 2 Case: Michael Porter on TED—The Case for Letting Business Solve Social Problems 31

CHAPTER 3: STRATEGIC INITIATIVES FOR IMPLEMENTING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 36 Business Process Reegineering 36

Business Process Reengineering 37 Business Process Modeling 40

Supply Chain Management 43 Customer Relationship Management 46 Enterprise Resource Planning 49 Chapter 3 Case: Amazon Drone Knocking 52

CHAPTER 4: MEASURING THE SUCCESS OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVES 56 MIS Roles and Responsibilities 56 Metrics: Measuring Success 59

Efficiency and Effectiveness Metrics 60 The Interrelationship between Efficiency and Effectiveness MIS Metrics 60

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CHAPTER 10: EXTENDING THE ORGANIZATION—SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 180 Information Technology’s Role in the Supply Chain 180 Technologies Reinventing the Supply Chain 182

3D Printing Supports Procurement 184 RFID Supports Logistics 185 Drones Support Logistics 187 Robotics Supports Materials Management 187 The Extended Supply Chain 188

Chapter 10 Case: ETSY 189

CHAPTER 11: BUILDING A CUSTOMER-CENTRIC ORGANIZATION— CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT 194 Customer Relationship Management 194

The Power of the Customer 195 Operational and Analytical CRM 195

Marketing and Operational CRM 195 Sales and Operational CRM 198 Customer Service and Operational CRM 200 Analytical CRM 201

Extending Customer Relationship Management 201 Supplier Relationship Management 202 Partner Relationship Management 202 Employee Relationship Management 203

Chapter 11 Case: Zappos Is Passionate for Customers 204

CHAPTER 12: INTEGRATING THE ORGANIZATION FROM END TO END—ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING 209 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 209

Bringing the Organization Together 210 The Evolution of ERP 211 Integration Tools 212

Core and Extended ERP Components 214 Core ERP Components 214 Extended ERP Components 216 Measuring ERP Success 217

The Future of ERP 218 On-Premise ERP 218 Cloud ERP 218 Hybrid ERP 220

Chapter 12 Case: Five Famous ERP Failures 222 Learning Outcome Review 224 Review Questions 224 Making Business Decisions 225 Unit Summary 226 Key Terms 226 Unit Closing Case One: Action Finally 227 Unit Closing Case Two: Dream It, Design It, 3D Print It 229 Apply Your Knowledge 230 AYK Application Projects 236

UNIT 4 238 Building Innovation 238

Slack–Be Less Busy 239 Introduction 241

CHAPTER 13: CREATING INNOVATIVE ORGANIZATIONS 242 Disruptive Technologies and Web 1.0 242

CHAPTER 7: ACCESSING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION—DATA WAREHOUSES 119 Data Warehousing 119

History of the Data Warehouse 119 Data Mart 121 Information Cleansing (or Scrubbing) 122

Business Intelligence 124 The Problem: Data Rich, Information Poor 125 The Solution: Business Intelligence 125

Chapter 7 Case: Zillow 127

CHAPTER 8: UNDERSTANDING BIG DATA AND ITS IMPACT ON BUSINESS 131 The Power of Big Data 131

Distributed Computing 131 Virtualization 133 Analyzing Big Data 133

Data Mining 134 Data-Mining Process Model 135 Data-Mining Analysis Techniques 135 Data Mining Modeling Techniques for Predictions 139

Data Analysis 140 Advanced Data Analytics 141 Data Visualization 142

Chapter 8 Case: Mining the Data Warehouse 144 Learning Outcome Review 146 Review Questions 146 Making Business Decisions 147 Unit Summary 149 Key Terms 149 Unit Closing Case One: Data Visualization: Stories for the Information Age 150 Unit Closing Case Two: Informing Information 152 Apply Your Knowledge 155 AYK Application Projects 159

UNIT 3 160 Streamlining Business Operations 160

The Connected Car Revolution 161 Introduction 163

CHAPTER 9: ENABLING THE ORGANIZATION—DECISION MAKING 164 Making Business Decisions 164

The Decision-Making Essentials 164 Support: Enhancing Decision Making with MIS 167

Operational Support Systems 167 Managerial Support Systems 169 Strategic Support Systems 170

The Future: Artificial Intelligence 172 Expert Systems 173 Neural Networks 173 Genetic Algorithms 174 Intelligent Agents 175 Virtual Reality 175

Chapter 9 Case: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Grand Challenge 176

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Wireless MANs 284 Wireless WAN—Cellular Communication System 285 Wireless WAN—Satellite Communication System 287 Protecting Wireless Connections 287 Managing Mobile Devices 288

Business Applications of Wireless Networks 288 Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) 289 Global Positioning System (GPS) 290 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 291

Chapter 16 Case: Square 293 Learning Outcome Review 294 Review Questions 294 Making Business Decisions 294 Unit Summary 297 Key Terms 297 Unit Closing Case One: Bitcoin 299 Unit Closing Case Two: Disrupting the Taxi: Uber 300 Apply Your Knowledge 302 AYK Application Projects 306

UNIT 5 308 Transforming Organizations 308

Gamer Delight 309 Introduction 311

CHAPTER 17: DEVELOPING SOFTWARE TO STREAMLINE OPERATIONS 312 The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 312

Phase 1: Planning 314 Phase 2: Analysis 314 Phase 3: Design 315 Phase 4: Development 316 Phase 5: Testing 316 Phase 6: Implementation 318 Phase 7: Maintenance 319

Chapter 17 Case: Reducing Ambiguity in Business Requirements 320

CHAPTER 18: METHODOLOGIES FOR SUPPORTING AGILE ORGANIZATIONS 325 Software Development Methodologies 325

Rapid Application Development (RAD) Methodology 327 Extreme Programming Methodology 327 Rational Unified Process (RUP) Methodology 328 Scrum Methodology 328

Developing a Service-Oriented Architecture 328 Interoperability 330 Loose Coupling 330 SOA Service 331

Chapter 18 Case: Getting Your Project on Track 332

CHAPTER 19: MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL PROJECTS 338 Using Project Management to Deliver Successful Projects 338

Unclear or Missing Business Requirements 339 Skipped Phases 339 Changing Technology 340 The Cost of Finding Errors in the SDLC 340 Balance of the Triple Constraints 341

Disruptive versus Sustaining Technology 242 The Internet and World Wide Web—The Ultimate Business Disruptors 244 Web 1.0: The Catalyst for Ebusiness 244

Advantages of Ebusiness 246 Expanding Global Reach 246 Opening New Markets 246 Reducing Costs 246 Improving Effectiveness 248

Chapter 13 Case: Disruptive Innovation 250

CHAPTER 14: EBUSINESS 255 Ebusiness Models 255

Business-to-Business (B2B) 255 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) 256 Consumer-to-Business (C2B) 256 Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) 256 Ebusiness Forms and Revenue-Generating Strategies 256

Ebusiness Tools for Connecting and Communicating 258 Email 258 Instant Messaging 259 Podcasting 259 Videoconferencing 259 Web Conferencing 260 Content Management Systems 260

The Challenges of Ebusiness 260 Identifying Limited Market Segments 260 Managing Consumer Trust 261 Ensuring Consumer Protection 261 Adhering to Taxation Rules 261

Chapter 14 Case: HelloFresh Hello Delicious 261

CHAPTER 15: CREATING COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIPS 266 Web 2.0: Advantages of Business 2.0 266

Content Sharing through Open Sourcing 266 User-Contributed Content 267 Collaboration inside the Organization 267 Collaboration outside the Organization 268

Networking Communities with Business 2.0 269 Social Tagging 270

Business 2.0 Tools for Collaborating 271 Blogs 271 Wikis 272 Mashups 272

The Challenges of Business 2.0 273 Technology Dependence 273 Information Vandalism 273 Violations of Copyright and Plagiarism 273

Web 3.0: Defining the Next Generation of Online Business Opportunities 273

Egovernment: The Government Moves Online 274 Mbusiness: Supporting Anywhere Business 274

Chapter 15 Case: Pinterest—Billboards for the Internet 275

CHAPTER 16: INTEGRATING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS 282 Wireless Network Categories 282

Personal Area Networks 282 Wireless LANs 283

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Business Process Modeling Examples 391 Plug-In Summary 394 Key Terms 394 Making Business Decisions 394

B3: Hardware and Software Basics 396

Introduction 396 Hardware Basics 396

Central Processing Unit 397 Primary Storage 398 Secondary Storage 400 Input Devices 401 Communication Devices 403

Computer Categories 403 Software Basics 406

System Software 406 Application Software 407 Distributing Application Software 407

Key Terms 409 Plug-In Summary 409 Making Business Decisions 409

B4: MIS Infrastructures 412 The Business Benefits of a Solid MIS Infrastructure 412 Supporting Operations: Information MIS Infrastructure 413

Backup and Recovery Plan 414 Disaster Recovery Plan 415 Business Continuity Plan 417

Supporting Change: Agile MIS Infrastructure 419 Accessibility 419 Availability 420 Maintainability 421 Portability 421 Reliability 421 Scalability 422 Usability 422

Plug-In Summary 423 Key Terms 423 Making Business Decisions 423

B5: Networks and Telecommunications 428

Introduction 428 Network Basics 428 Architecture 429

Peer-to-Peer Networks 430 Client/Server Networks 431

Topology 431 Protocols 431

Ethernet 432 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 433

Media 435 Wire Media 435 Wireless Media 436

Plug-In Summary 437 Key Terms 437 Making Business Decisions 437

Primary Project Planning Diagrams 342 Outsourcing Projects 345

Outsourcing Benefits 346 Outsourcing Challenges 346

Chapter 19 Case: Disaster at Denver International Airport 347 Learning Outcome Review 348 Review Questions 348 Making Business Decisions 349 Unit Summary 351 Key Terms 351 Unit Closing Case One: To Share—Or Not To Share 352 Unit Closing Case Two: Box Up Your Data 355 Apply Your Knowledge 357 AYK Application Projects 362

Business Plug-Ins

B1: Business Basics 364

Introduction 364 Types of Business 364

Sole Proprietorship 365 Partnership 365 Corporation 365

Internal Operations of a Corporation 367 Accounting 367

Financial Statements 367 Finance 369

Financial Analysis 369 Human Resources 370

Management Techniques 370 Sales 371

The Sales Process 371 Market Share 371

Marketing 373 Marketing Mix 373 Customer Segmentation 373 The Product Life Cycle 375

Operations/Production 375 Transforming Corporations 375

Management Information Systems 376 Plug-In Summary 378 Key Terms 378 Making Business Decisions 379

B2: Business Process 380

Introduction 380 Examining Business Processes 380 Business Process Improvement 383

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) 384 Business Process Design 385 Business Process Management (BPM) 387

Is BPM for Business or IT? 388 BPM Tools 389 BPM Risks and Rewards 389 Critical Success Factors 390

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Business Benefits of BI 492 Categories of BI Benefits 493

Plug-In Summary 496 Key Terms 496 Making Business Decisions 496

B11: Global Information Systems 500

Introduction 500 Globalization 500

Cultural Business Challenges 501 Political Business Challenges 501 Global Geoeconomic Business Challenges 502

Global MIS Business Strategies 502 Governance and Compliance 503

Global Enterprise Architectures 505 Global Information Issues 506

Information Privacy 506 Europe 507 The United States 508 Canada 509

Global Systems Development 509 Plug-In Summary 510 Key Terms 510 Making Business Decisions 510

B12: Global Trends 512

Introduction 512 Reasons to Watch Trends 512 Trends Shaping Our Future 513

The World’s Population Will Double in the Next 40 Years 513 People in Developed Countries Are Living Longer 514 The Growth in Information Industries Is Creating a Knowledge-Dependent Global Society 514 The Global Economy Is Becoming More Integrated 515 The Economy and Society Are Dominated by Technology 515 Pace of Technological Innovation Is Increasing 516 Time Is Becoming One of the World’s Most Precious Commodities 516

Technologies Shaping Our Future 516 The Digital Mesh 516 Smart Machines 517 The New IT Reality 518

Plug-In Summary 519 Key Terms 519 Making Business Decisions 519

Apply Your Knowledge Projects AYK-2

Glossary G-1

Notes N-1

Index I-1

B6: Information Security 440

The First Line of Defense—People 440 The Second Line of Defense—Technology 441

People: Authentication and Authorization 441 Data: Prevention and Resistance 444 Attack: Detection and Response 445

Plug-In Summary 447 Key Terms 447 Making Business Decisions 447

B7: Ethics 450 Developing Information Management Policies 450

Ethical Computer Use Policy 450 Information Privacy Policy 451 Acceptable Use Policy 452 Email Privacy Policy 452 Social Media Policy 453 Workplace Monitoring Policy 454

Plug-In Summary 456 Key Terms 456 Making Business Decisions 456

B8: Operations Management 460

Introduction 460 Operations Management Fundamentals 460 MIS’s Role in OM 463

OM Strategic Business Systems 463 Competitive OM Strategy 465

Cost 465 Quality 465 Delivery 466 Flexibility 466 Service 467

OM and the Supply Chain 467 PLUG-IN SUMMARY 468 KEY TERMS 468 MAKING BUSINESS DECISIONS 468

B9: Sustainable MIS Infrastructures 470 MIS and the Environment 470

Increased Electronic Waste 471 Increased Energy Consumption 471 Increased Carbon Emissions 471

Supporting the Environment: Sustainable MIS Infrastructure 472

Grid Computing 472 Virtualized Computing 474 Cloud Computing 478 Utility Computing 483

Plug-In Summary 485 Key Terms 485 Making Business Decisions 485

B10: Business Intelligence 490 Operational, Tactical, and Strategic BI 490

BI’S Operational Value 491

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xii * About the Author

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A B O U T T H E A U T H O R

Paige Baltzan Paige Baltzan is an Assistant Teaching Professor in the department of Business Information and Analytics at the Daniels College of Business at the University of Denver. She holds a BSBA specializing in Accounting/MIS from Bowling Green State University and an MBA specializing in MIS from the University of Denver. She is a coauthor of several books, includ- ing Business Driven Information Systems, Essentials of Business Driven Information Systems, and I-Series, and is a contributor to Management Information Systems for the Information Age.

Before joining the Daniels College faculty in 1999, Paige spent several years working for a large telecommunications company and an international consulting firm where she partici- pated in client engagements in the United States as well as South America and Europe. Paige lives in Lakewood, Colorado, with her husband, Tony, and daughters, Hannah and Sophie.

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The Technology Plug-Ins * xiii

The overall goal of the Technology Plug-Ins is to provide additional information not covered in the text such as personal productivity using information technology, problem solving using Excel, and decision making using Access. These plug-ins also offer an all-in-one text to faculty, avoiding their having to purchase an extra book to support Microsoft Office. These plug-ins offer integration with the core chapters and provide critical knowledge using essential business applications, such as Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and Microsoft Project with hands-on tutorials for comprehension and mastery. Plug- Ins T1 to T12 are located in McGraw-Hill Connect at http://connect.mheducation.com.

Plug-In Description

T1. Personal Productivity Using IT

This plug-in covers a number of things to do to keep a personal computer running e ffectively and efficiently. The topics covered in this plug-in are: ■ Creating strong passwords. ■ Performing good file management. ■ Implementing effective backup and recovery strategies. ■ Using Zip files. ■ Writing professional emails. ■ Stopping spam. ■ Preventing phishing. ■ Detecting spyware. ■ Threads to instant messaging. ■ Increasing PC performance. ■ Using antivirus software. ■ Installing a personal firewall.

T2. Basic Skills Using Excel

This plug-in introduces the basics of using Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet program for data analysis, along with a few fancy features. The topics covered in this plug-in are: ■ Workbooks and worksheets. ■ Working with cells and cell data. ■ Printing worksheets. ■ Formatting worksheets. ■ Formulas. ■ Working with charts and graphics.

T3. Problem Solving Using Excel

This plug-in provides a comprehensive tutorial on how to use a variety of Microsoft Excel functions and features for problem solving. The areas covered in this plug-in are: ■ Lists ■ Conditional Formatting ■ AutoFilter ■ Subtotals ■ PivotTables

T4. Decision Making Using Excel

This plug-in examines a few of the advanced business analysis tools used in Microsoft Excel that have the capabil- ity to identify patterns, trends, and rules, and create “what-if” models. The four topics co vered in this plug-in are: ■ IF ■ Lookup ■ Goal Seek ■ Solver ■ Scenario Manager

T5. Designing Database Applications

This plug-in provides specific details on how to design relational database applications. One of the most efficient and powerful information management computer-based applications is the relational database. The topics covered in this plug-in are: ■ Entities and data relationships. ■ Documenting logical data relationships. ■ The relational data model. ■ Normalization.

T H E T E C H N O L O G Y P L U G - I N S

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xiv * The Technology Plug-Ins

Plug-in Description

T6. Basic Skills Using Access This plug-in focuses on creating a Microsoft Access database file. One of the most efficient information management computer-based applications is Microsoft Access. Access provides a powerful set of tools for creating and maintaining a relational database. The topics covered in this plug-in are: ■ Create a new database file. ■ Create and modify tables.

T7. Problem Solving Using Access

This plug-in provides a comprehensive tutorial on how to query a database in Microsoft Access. Queries are essential for problem solving, allowing a user to sort information, summarize data (display totals, averages, counts, and so on), display the results of calculations on data, and choose exactly which fields are shown. The topics in this plug-in are: ■ Create simple queries using the simple query wizard. ■ Create advanced queries using calculated fields. ■ Format results displayed in calculated fields.

T8. Decision Making Using Access

This plug-in provides a comprehensive tutorial on entering data in a well-designed form and creating functional reports using Microsoft Access. A form is essential to use for data entry and a report is an ef- fective way to present data in a printed format. The topics in this plug-in are: ■ Creating, modifying, and running forms. ■ Creating, modifying, and running reports.

T9. Designing Web Pages This plug-in provides a comprehensive assessment into the functional aspects of web design. Websites are beginning to look more alike and to employ the same metaphors and conventions. The web has now become an everyday thing whose design should not make users think. The topics in this plug-in are: ■ The World Wide Web. ■ Designing for the unknown(s). ■ The process of web design. ■ HTML basics. ■ Web fonts. ■ Web graphics.

T10. Creating Web Pages Us- ing HTML

This plug-in provides an overview of creating web pages using the HTML language. HTML is a system of codes that you use to create interactive web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based in- formation in a document—by denoting certain text as headings, paragraphs, lists, and so on. The topics in this plug-in are: ■ An introduction to HTML. ■ HTML tools. ■ Creating, saving, and viewing HTML documents. ■ Apply style tags and attributes. ■ Using fancy formatting. ■ Creating hyperlinks. ■ Displaying graphics.

T11. Creating Gantt Charts with Excel and Microsoft Project

This plug-in offers a quick and efficient way to manage projects. Excel and Microsoft Project are great for man- aging all phases of a project, creating templates, collaborating on planning processes, tracking project prog- ress, and sharing information with all interested parties. The two topics in this plug-in are: ■ Creating Gantt Charts with Excel. ■ Creating Gantt Charts with Microsoft Project.

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Preface * xv

P R E F A C E

Unlike any other MIS text, Business Driven Technology, 7e, discusses various business initia- tives first and how technology supports those initiatives second. The premise for this unique approach is that business initiatives should drive technology choices. Every discussion in the text first addresses the business needs and then addresses the technology that supports those needs.