Equity theory discusses individuals' perceptions about the relationship between ____ and ____.

Question 1

When an employee's input-outcome ratio is more favorable than that of a comparison other, ____ has occurred.

instrumentality

valence

equity

underpayment inequity

overpayment inequity

Question 2

Which component of expectancy theory covers the relative value of rewards and other consequences?

Dissonance

Valence

Expectancy

Instrumentality

VIE

Question 3

Some managed health-care plans keep costs low by paying incentive compensation to doctors to limit the number of high-cost treatments they provide to patients. What is the incentive compensation called based on behavioral modification?

Self-actualization

Extinction

Dissonance

Positive reinforcement

Punishment

Question 4

Which of the following reinforcement schedules targets behavior on the basis of a varying amount of time that must transpire?

Fixed interval

Variable interval

Fixed ratio

Variable ratio

Continuous ratio

Question 5

Which component of expectancy theory covers the performance-to-outcomes expectancy?

Dissonance

Valence

Expectancy

Instrumentality

VIE

Question 6

Which of the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that a safe environment is a motivational factor?

Physiological

Security

Self-actualization

Esteem

Belongingness

Question 7

Which of the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that having a positive view of one's self is a motivational factor?

Physiological

Security

Self-actualization

Esteem

Belongingness

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a determinant of performance in an organization?

Employees' ability to perform

Environment in which performance takes place

Support factors such as machinery and materials

Demand for the organization's products or services

Employees' motivation to perform

Question 9

Which of the following reinforcement schedules targets behavior on the basis of the passage of time?

Interval

Ratio

Rational

Bounded rational

Instrumentality

Question 10

Which of the following reinforcement schedules targets behavior on the basis of how many times the conduct occurs?

Interval

Ratio

Rational

Bounded rational

Instrumentality

Question 11

Which of the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that food, water, and shelter are motivational factors?

Physiological

Security

Self-actualization

Esteem

Belongingness

Question 12

How many levels appear in Alderfer's ERG theory?

1

2

3

4

5

Question 13

Which of the following reinforcement schedules targets behavior on the basis of a constant number of times that conduct must occur?

Fixed interval

Variable interval

Fixed ratio

Variable ratio

Continuous ratio

Question 14

Which of the following reinforcement schedules targets behavior on the basis of a constant amount of time that must transpire?

Fixed interval

Variable interval

Fixed ratio

Variable ratio

Continuous ratio

Question 15

Equity theory discusses individuals' perceptions about the relationship between ____ and ____.

instrumentality, valence

financial incentives, nonfinancial rewards

equity, reinforcement

rewards, punishments

inputs, outcomes