Ethical relativism supports the theory that

When religion and morality are considered,

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the moral instructions of the world's great religions are often general and imprecise.

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most people act rightly only because their religion tells them to.

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atheists are likely to be less moral than religious people.

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in practice, people who share a religion will agree on all moral questions.

Question 2

Accepting a moral principle

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is a purely intellectual act like accepting a scientific hypothesis.

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generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake.

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means you will never go against that principle.

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is a religiously based act of faith.

Question 3

Good moral judgments should be logical and

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justified by fallacies.

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proven beyond reasonable doubt.

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based on facts and acceptable moral principles.

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coincide with what most scientifically trained people think.

Question 4

The divine command theory implies that

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God commands us to do whatever our reason tells us is right.

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God forbids stealing because stealing is wrong.

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God leaves right and wrong up to us.

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stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.

Question 5

Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests?

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Statutes are laws applied in the English-speaking world before there were any common laws.

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Philosophers agree that morality is based on the commands of God.

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"Groupthink" is a positive and necessary characteristic of all groups.

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Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live together.

Question 6

Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves

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the revision and modification of arguments.

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proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

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circular reasoning.

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determining what the majority thinks.

Question 7

Ethical relativism supports the theory that

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what is morally right is what society says is morally right.

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there are no moral values whatsoever.

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morality is relative to the goal of promoting human well-being.

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different societies have different ideas about right and wrong.

Question 8

Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette:

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the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality

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conformity with the rules of etiquette is sufficient for moral conduct

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etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy

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the rules of etiquette are backed by statutory law

Question 9

The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts

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constitute the whole of his or her morality.

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can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations.

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rarely guide his or her conduct in practice.

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are always attained from his or her religion.

Question 10

What criteria concerning moral judgments should we agree with?

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As long as your conduct is legal, then it will be moral.

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If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral.

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Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.

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If your conduct follows the guidelines of professional codes of ethics, it will be moral.

Question 11

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards?

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moral standards are purely optional

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moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest

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moral standards cannot be justified by reasons

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moral standards must be set or validated by some authoritative body

Question 12

The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show

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the truth of utilitarianism.

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the power of peer pressure has been greatly exaggerated.

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business organizations put more pressure on individual integrity than do other kinds of organization.

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even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.

Question 13

Which of the following is an accurate statement?

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There is a complete list of adequacy criteria for moral judgments that philosophers all agree on.

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Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession.

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Professional codes of ethics provide a complete and reliable guide to one's moral obligations.

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People who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives than those whose desires extend beyond themselves.

Question 14

A proper perspective of religion and morality is

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only religion can tell us what is right and wrong

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it's not true that morality must be based on religion

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religion never influences people's moral beliefs

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without religion, people wouldn't have a reason to act morally

Question 15

How did Aristotle view morality?

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It's necessary for us to try to be virtuous or excellent human beings.

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Moral judgments are true because God commands them of us.

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Moral judgments are determined differently by each culture.

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It's never right to help ourselves when we can help other people instead.