Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Example of reinforcement for sports

27/10/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

Psych 635 Shaping And Chaining, Reinforcement Schedules And One-Trial Learning Week 3

HEALTH AND SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW

2

Health and Sports Psychology Review

Psych 635

February 9, 2015 Health and Sports Psychology Review

The foundation of sports psychology centers on helping players maximize their performance and strengthen motor learning skills, by learning techniques to overcome mental blocks. The first publication of sports psychology focused on how spectators influence athletes competing in competitive bicycling (Brown & Mahoney, 1984). Health and sports psychology focuses on the influences of athletics and the psychological and physiological impact it has on humans. A sports psychologist assists athletes through the application of shaping and chaining, reinforcement schedules, and one-trial learning techniques in teaching new technical skills.

Shaping and Chaining

As a sports psychologist, one must comprehend the concepts of shaping and chaining when teaching and implementing unfamiliar technical skills to athletes. Before a behavior arises, an athlete cannot associate his or her skills and performance to a behavior, therefore shaping is only useful when linking behaviors that can help athletes perform adequately and comprehensively. “The basic operant conditioning method of behavioral change is shaping, or differential reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired form or rate of behavior” (Schunk, 2012). The process of shaping identifies behaviors not yet present, and assists athletes retrieve a specific behavior, mindset, and skill expansion. The process of shaping in sports psychology consists of the identification of the current abilities of an athlete, identification of a behavior, identification of possible reinforcement within an athlete’s environment, dividing the goal into smaller goals, and ultimately, guide the athlete to his or her desired behavior through the use of reinforcements (Schunk, 2012). For instance, when an athlete complains of weak leg muscles, he or she can begin with leg muscle development that fosters strength, stamina, and confidence. Once an athlete works toward a desired behavior, he or she will need to continue to reinforce the behavior until the desired results are achieved. A good example of this is hurdles.

Hurdles is a type of sports activity that requires athletes to run and leap over a bar at pre-determined intervals thus building leg muscles, strength and increasing versatility. An athlete accomplishing a hurdles race builds confidence and physical strength. By receiving corrective feedback, an athlete can achieve his or her desired goal. A sports psychological can assist an athlete by monitoring speed, versatility, and strength and encouraging an athlete to do more, go faster, and untimely achieve their goal.

According to B.F. Skinner, “Chaining is the process of producing or altering some of the variables that serve as stimuli for future responses” (Schunk, 2012, p. 99). Chaining identifies when an athlete desired skill acquisition without reinforcement of successful elements of monitor behavior an athlete cannot improve or achieve higher performance (Greene, 2012). “The operant principle of chaining has been widely researched and implemented with motor skill acquisition and improvement, therefore, in order to ensure proper motor learning, reinforcement of specific behaviors must occur” (Greene, 2012, p.1). Every step offers a signal of action for the next step; a chain is a sequence of cues and behaviors, therefore when one’s behavior in a chain of reactive step generates another signal for the next course of action. Chaining is very useful for sports psychologists when assisting athletes enhance performance and achieve their goals. For example, when an athlete is struggling while training for an event, or merely has a desire to improve his or her performance, a sports psychologist can develop a plan for the athlete to follow on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. When an athlete follows these guidelines, he or she is creating a chain. Many times athletes develop psychological hindrances that prevent them from performing at an optimal level, therefore a sport psychologist can analyze those factors and examine methods of motivation, enhancing, or eliminating self-esteem issues and offer encouragement throughout stages of progress. Shaping and chaining is a useful tool for sport psychologists in assisting athletes by focusing on the psychological and physiological factors athletes need to succeed.

Reinforcement Schedules

Primarily known for his theory of operant conditioning, B.F. Skinner believed behaviors were dependent on the after-effect of a response called operant behavior. In operant conditioning, scheduling reinforcements are crucial components of learning. There are two types of reinforcement schedules: continuous and partial reinforcement. The schedule of frequency for behavioral reinforcement has a significant impact on the intensity and timeline of the desired response. Continuous reinforcement is more effective during the initial stages of learning to develop a solid connection of the behavior and response. This occurs through the presentation of reinforcement every time an undesired or desired behavior appears. Partial reinforcement is the response of reinforcement only part of the time rather than continuously. Reinforcement schedules can help athletes learn new technical skills through reward or punishment. These schedules help ensure an athlete’s dedication and focus toward his or her goals. When an individual suffers from a psychological or physiological issue, positive reinforcement is pure joy such as an enjoyable evening with friends or a day without working out, therefore the experience is pleasurable and desirable. The negative reinforcement and punishment stage is when the joy is taken away or controlled (consequence). For example, an extra workout, or additional laps around the track or denial of participating in an upcoming event. Although it is important for sports psychologists to provide a positive and encouraging environment for their clients, it is also important to use negative reinforcement to motivate athletes to improve perform.

One-Trial Learning Techniques

The one-trial learning technique involves learning by a single paired response and stimulus, not repetitive responses. If a child places his or her hand on a hot stove and burns it, the child will most likely not do so again fearing the pain from the first experience. Sports psychologists can use one-trial learning techniques to teach athletes the type of mistakes not to make more than once, therefore avoiding time and health consuming hindrances. Many times injuries can happen to athletes causing financial, physiological, and psychological setbacks. When an athlete heals, he or she learns from that one-time error, to avoid such a task or move. Many times athletes over-exert themselves and the one-trial learning technique teaches them to realize and respect their limitations. For example, when long-distance runners decide to push themselves to beat their current time or a competitor’s, they may be doing more good than harm, therefore if they pull a ligament or become sore or unable to run on schedule, they will have learned from this learning technique.

Conclusion

According to Division 47 of the American Psychological Association (2013),

Sports psychology, includes a range of topics that include motivation to continue and achieve, psychological considerations in sport injury and rehabilitation, counseling techniques with athletes, assessing talent, exercise adherence and well-being, self-perceptions related to achieving, expertise in sport, youth sport and performance enhancement and self-regulation techniques (para.1).

Health and sports psychology focuses on an extensive spectrum of clinical, scientific, and adapted subject matter regarding exercise and sports. This field of science focuses on the psychological vision of applying motivation and performance improvement and the comprehension of improving mental and physical health. Among these applied techniques are shaping and chaining, reinforcement schedules, and one-trail learning techniques to assist athletes achieving optimal psychological and physiological health.

References

American Psychological Association. (2013). Purpose and goals. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/divisions/div47/APA%20Div%2047%20(2)/about_purposeandgoals. html

Browne, M. A., & Mahoney, M. J. (1984). Sport psychology. Annual Review of Psychology,

35(1), 605.

Greene, L. M. (2012). Mastery chaining and modeling to improve dart throwing skill acquisition. (Order No. 3549416, Hofstra University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 85. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1283383949?accountid=458. (1283383949).

Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories: An educational perspective (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

WRITING LAND
Chartered Accountant
Solution Provider
Financial Hub
Homework Guru
Quality Homework Helper
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
WRITING LAND

ONLINE

WRITING LAND

Being a Ph.D. in the Business field, I have been doing academic writing for the past 7 years and have a good command over writing research papers, essay, dissertations and all kinds of academic writing and proofreading.

$27 Chat With Writer
Chartered Accountant

ONLINE

Chartered Accountant

I reckon that I can perfectly carry this project for you! I am a research writer and have been writing academic papers, business reports, plans, literature review, reports and others for the past 1 decade.

$38 Chat With Writer
Solution Provider

ONLINE

Solution Provider

I will be delighted to work on your project. As an experienced writer, I can provide you top quality, well researched, concise and error-free work within your provided deadline at very reasonable prices.

$16 Chat With Writer
Financial Hub

ONLINE

Financial Hub

I have done dissertations, thesis, reports related to these topics, and I cover all the CHAPTERS accordingly and provide proper updates on the project.

$44 Chat With Writer
Homework Guru

ONLINE

Homework Guru

I am a professional and experienced writer and I have written research reports, proposals, essays, thesis and dissertations on a variety of topics.

$46 Chat With Writer
Quality Homework Helper

ONLINE

Quality Homework Helper

I have done dissertations, thesis, reports related to these topics, and I cover all the CHAPTERS accordingly and provide proper updates on the project.

$29 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

50a yarranabbe road darling point nsw 2027 - How to find pka values on titration curve - Fish oil and evening primrose oil together for adhd - Highgear watch battery replacement - Windshield survey components - Soft language in psychology - Sarin and o connor 2009 article - Excel module 1 creating a worksheet and a chart - 2 pages apa style - 6 electrons 6 protons 6 neutrons - Heart of darkness summary - Bsbwor501 task 1 answers - Father john misty net worth - Medway messenger youth league - How many square feet in 144 inches - Roller camshaft break in procedure - Primary Source Analysis - Five business level strategies examples - Introduction to Medical Informatics - Written Assignment - Part III - Black dahlia cause of death - HW - Econ discussion 2 pages - Da lite screen adjustment - How can you tell a dogwood tree e 28 answers - Californialifeline com renewal form - Class 1 cost estimate - Critical Evaluation Essay - Psychology testing 3 page paper - Reflection paper about business ethics - Stair climbing and power lab answers - A toddler in stage five of sensorimotor development is a “little scientist.” - 561 4 Discussion Board - North epping public school - Volume to Value: Executive Brief - Structure Criminal Justice - George j & jones g understanding and managing organizational behavior - YOU MUST KNOW HOW TO CREATE AND MANIPULATE EXCEL FUNCTIONS. - SOCW 6103 Week 2 Discussion 1: Anti-Discrimination Law and Laws Protecting Individuals With Addiction - Discussion: Wireless Networking - Finalise first aid treatment - Effect of caffeine on daphnia heart rate - Lab - Suppose a life insurance company sells a - Disscussion - Exemplification essay - Limewater test for co2 equation - Mysql connector java 8.0 12 jar - How many combinations with 3 numbers 1 3 - Rate law of iodine clock reaction - Purdue owl semicolon exercises - Which is incorrect about fermentation - Journal Article Analysis - Pivot grid wizard peoplesoft - Juran's quality planning roadmap - Aquastore tank capacity chart - Preparation of 0.1 n sodium thiosulfate solution - Cssa trial papers english - Critical analysis/ discussion reply - The crucible act 1 - Essay about current status and future of NoSQL MLA Format - Dennis mumby organizational communication - Conclusion paragraph for the great gatsby - Glosario financiero ingles español - Join the roman army - Using the Scientific Method to challenge our thinking - How to coordinate a meeting - Week 15 nursing theory - Herbert gans the uses of poverty the poor pay all - Presentations on IVR third part - Statement of intention for persuasive essay - Analyzing and Visualizing Data Quizz 2 - Walmart strategic plan - Introduction to programming using python y daniel liang pdf - How corries are formed - Conflict resolution paper chamberlain - Capstone Project Topic Selection and Approval - Https www sfu ca palys miner 1956 bodyritualamongthenacirema pdf - Reasons to be pretty audition - Starbucks branded solutions website - Which are appropriate editors for writing shell scripts - Education - Australian ropes course builders - Army bfa standards australia - Http ausvels vcaa vic edu au - Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced - Break even point formula target profit - Gcu code of conduct - Taxation - Electrical separation shaver socket diagram - Line defects in crystals ppt - Las ruinas de machu picchu están al lado del mar - Name 3 qualities of helvetica - Scratch mit edu whale follows mouse - Cisco recall total information management pte ltd - Ethnocentrism should be encouraged in international marketing - Solubility of a salt lab answers - Why is theoretical orientation important in counseling - Attention getter for speech about myself examples