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•Abrasion Resistance: As mentioned above, the hot-dip galvanizing process creates a metallurgical bond to the steel substrate, which forms zinc-iron alloy layers. See photomicrograph of batch hot-dip galvanized coating below. The iron/zinc alloy layers become harder (DPN hardness) with increasing iron content; to the point that the inner alloy layers are harder than that of the base steel. This is critical for helical anchors and piles since the coating must be both flexible and hard to stand up to the abrasion during installation. Materials plated per ASTM B633 have a thin layer of pure zinc on the surface. The pure zinc has a hardness of about 1/3 - 1/2 that of the base steel. •Coverage of the Protective Coating: Hot-dip galvanizing is a total immersion process, therefore all surfaces will be completely protected. The application of the zinc plating per ASTM B633 is limited by the level of expertise of the individual doing the application. Because of this, there is a potential that “hard to reach places” may not be adequately protected. Most of the information contained in this letter was obtained from various publications by the American Galvanizers Association (AGA). Additional information can be found on their website: www.galvanizeit.org . Also included below are figures showing the relative thickness of various zinc coatings and a photomicrograph of a hot-dipped galvanized coating. Lab Tests: Salt fog tests per ASTM B117 can be used to conduct continuous salt spray testing to provide a very useful method for undertaking comparative testing. This procedure is also known as 'ranking'. Such tests work on the basis of comparing actual corrosion rates with expected corrosion rates which are based on previous