Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Flow through a venturi meter lab

20/10/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

Engineering Lab Report Rephrase

ABSTRACT

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

(APPENDIX B THEORY)

(APPENDIX C PROCEDURE)

that need to be rephrased

Engineering Report

EXPERIMENT #1

Flow Through A Venturi Meter

Using Water As The Working Fluid

(Ref. Experimental Data Group 02- Taken on Feb 6, 2015)

By

02/20/2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Symbols………...…………………………………………………………………………………………2

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………................3

Procedure………………………………………………………………………………………………….4

Theory……………………………………………………………………………………………………..5

Results……………………………………………………………………………………………………10

Sample Calculations………………………………………………………………………………………………18

Error Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………..22

Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………………..26

References………………………………………………………………………………………………..28

LIST OF SYMBOLS

………………………………………………………………………………………..Mass flow rate ()

……………………………………………………………………………………………..flow rate ()

………………………………………………………………………………………...Mass density ()

……………………………………………………………………………………………...…gravity ()

……………………………………………………………………………………..…inlet pressure ()

………………………………………………………………………………………….inlet velocity ()

…………………………………………………………………………………………...inlet area ()

………………………………………………………………...inlet throat height from datum point ()

………………………………………………………………………………………outlet pressure ()

………………………………………………………………………………………...outlet velocity ()

………………………………………………………………………………………….outlet area ()

……………………………………………………………….outlet throat height from datum point ()

C…………………………………………………….………………discharge coefficient (dimensionless)

c………………………………………………………………………………………...speed of sound ()

Re……………………………………………………………………...Reynold’s number (dimensionless)

M…………………………………………………………………………...Mach number (dimensionless)

ABSTRACT

The motivation of this laboratory experiment is to analyze the flow of a fluid passing through a Venturi meter. The scheme is to compare the experimental volumetric flow rate to the theoretical volumetric flow rate. Deriving the Venturi velocity formula from the Bernoulli and continuity equations attains the theoretical volumetric flow rate.

It was found that the assumption of a frictionless surface through the Venturi meter was incorrect. When the water flows there is a head loss, which causes dissipation of energy throughout the system. Other factors such as human error, air bubbles in the fluid, and calculation round-offs led to discrepancies in the data.

RESULTS SUMMARY

Table 1: Pressure in piezometer tube and distance the fluid elevated to in Venturi meter

Venturi data and Piezometer Station

Piezo tube H2O height at station X , hX in.± .1in.

Distance from end, X in.

Venturi diameter D in. at X

Piezo. Station

Run 1

Run 2

Run 3

Run 4

Run 5

Run 6

hA-hD≈10 inH20

hA-hD≈8 inH20

hA-hD≈6 inH20

hA-hD≈4 inH20

hA-hD≈2 inH20

hA-hD≈.6 inH20

0

1

A-

9.3

8.8

8.0

7.0

6.1

5.5

1.125

1

A

9.3

8.8

8.0

7.0

6.1

5.5

1.625

1

A+

9.3

8.8

8.0

7.0

6.1

5.5

1.875

0.906

B

8.9

8.3

7.7

6.9

6.0

5.4

2.375

0.719

C

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.2

2.625

0.6445

D-

0.2

0.8

1.9

3.0

4.1

4.9

2.9375

0.6445

D

0.2

0.8

1.9

3.0

4.1

4.9

3.25

0.6445

D+

0.2

0.8

1.9

3.0

4.1

4.9

3.5

0.652

E

0.7

1.2

2.2

3.1

4.2

4.9

3.875

0.705

F

3.4

3.6

3.9

4.3

4.7

5.0

4.5

0.759

G

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.1

5

0.813

H

5.9

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.5

0.866

K

6.7

6.4

6.1

5.8

5.5

5.5

6

0.92

L

7.1

6.9

6.5

6.0

5.6

5.3

6.75

1

M-

7.8

7.4

6.9

6.3

5.7

5.3

6.875

1

M

7.8

7.4

6.9

6.3

5.7

5.3

7.875

1

M+

7.8

7.4

6.9

6.3

5.7

5.3

Graph 1: Piezometer tube versus distance of fluid in Venturi meter

Graph 2: Volume flow rate versus the square root of the height difference

Graph 3: Ideal Volume Flow Rate versus Discharge Coefficient

Graph 4: Free Stream and Throat velocity versus actual volume flow rate

Graph 5: Free stream and throat Mach number versus actual volume flow rate

Graph 6: Free stream and throat Mach number versus actual volume flow rate

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The Venturi meter is one of the most efficient systems with minimal error for use in experimentation surfaces. In comparison to the sharp-edged orifice of flow nozzle, the Venturi meter shows the most minimal head loss caused by friction and heat.

Analyzing the data acquired, the values attained for velocity and volumetric flow rate are in correlation with the Venturi meter experiment. There were slight deviations that occurred in conducting the experiment due to realistic conditions; thus, compared to the calculated values where ideal conditions were taken into account. The factors such as heat loss and friction affected the system and prevented the ideal-condition results. Another factor affecting the measurements is the readings taken from the manometer are the students’ readings, they may not have been as accurate as possible which have resulted in a percentage error.

Contained in the “Results” section the dimensionless measurements of Reynolds number and the discharge coefficient show the Reynolds number increases and so does the discharge coefficient. This concludes that the larger the cross-sectional area the more efficient the system becomes, this is true for a certain ratio.

Errors cannot be completely avoided therefore a margin of error is expected given the high possibility of factors affecting error. In our attempt to eliminate all air bubbles, it appeared as if they were all gone but our visual judgment only goes so far, causing small errors in data collected. Other errors arise in the contents of the water such as impurities; even though the water was distilled, the distillations might not have been 100% effective. Due to the minimal amount of theoretical background, an error in precision is inevitable. Calculation round-offs are another contributing factor in our error margin.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

EXPERIMENTAL DATA

APPENDIX B

THEORY

A Venturi meter is an instrument used to measure the flow rate through a pipe. The design includes divergent and convergent sections, which change the flow velocity of the fluid for experimental purposes. Below, in figure one, the setup for the experiment includes two tanks, one for the fluid storage, and the metal tank is for the collected fluid, which has passed through the Venturi meter and pipe.

Venturi meters are commonly preferred over other meters due to their minimal head loss corresponding to its streamline design. In the system, there is no loss of mass and the fluid is in steady flow throughout the experiment, therefore, the conservation of mass equation can be applied to the Venturi meter experiment:

Figure 2 – Venturi Meter

The mass flow at i and j are equal. Water is considered incompressible; therefore, the equation can be simplified:

From the equation it can be concluded that velocity decreases and increases at the diverging and converging sections, respectively, compensating for the continuity of mass.

To calculate pressure, piezometer tubes are integrated in the Venturi meter system. Using the Bernoulli’s equation, for steady, incompressible frictionless flow along a streamline gives a relationship between the constant measure of total energy in a system with static pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy of a flow. Consider a fluid flowing through the pipe having reached equilibrium state, the fluid in the piezometer tube is a non-flow static condition, velocity equals zero. Under these conditions, the Bernoulli equation reduces to:

The expression gives the relationship between the change in pressure and change in elevation of a fluid within the tube. Utilizing the results achieved for the expressions for mass continuity and hydrostatic balance on a fluid column, and the linear momentum equation, the velocities for the Venturi meter at each station can be calculated. The linear momentum equation is:

All Venturi meters part of the experiment had an equal elevation; therefore, the equation can be simplified.

And since,

Then,

APPENDIX C

PROCEDURE

The equipment of the experiment consists of a flow bench, which allows water to flow through the Venturi meter. Under the flow bench a weighing tank is attached to one end of a lever where weight is added in order to calculate mass flow rate. Before beginning the experiment, the apparatus was calibrated by the lab technician. Air bubbles inside the system can cause discrepancies in the data; therefore, the flow control and bench supply valves were slightly opened by the technician to allow the water to flow and eliminate the air bubbles within the system.

In the next step we closed the apparatus flow control valve and opened the air purge valve on the manifold to allow the water to rise into the piezometer tube. The height of the water was recorded on our data sheets. Each team member was assigned a task prior to conducting the experiment; this allowed the experiment to flow smoothly. Once everyone was ready, the apparatus flow control valve was opened all the way.

The timer was started when the valve was opened, when the arm holding the weight rose, time was recorded and 4 lbs. were added each time until a total of 20 lbs. Knowing the amount of water it took to fill the tank and the time elapsed, we were able to determine the mass flow rate. At the end of the trial, the new piezometer tube pressures were carefully noted and the experiment was conducted again, six times. Different flow rates were collected at each trial.

APPENDIX D

CALCULATIONS

APPENDIX E

ERROR ANALYSIS

APPENDIX F

REFERENCES

1. Engineering 306B –Unified Laboratory Manual

2. Fox and McDonald’s Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (8th Edition)

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect

4. http://www.hendersons.co.uk/wms/venturi_principle.html

Pressure vs. Distance

Run 1 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 9.3 9.3 9.3 8.9 5.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 3.4 4.9 5.9 6.7 7.1 7.8 7.8 7.8 Run 2 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.3 5.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 3.6 4.9 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.4 7.4 7.4 Run 3 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.7 5.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 3.9 5.0 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.9 Run 4 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 5.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 4.3 5.1 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 Run 5 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 Run 6 0.0 1.125 1.625 1.875 2.375 2.625 2.9375 3.25 3.5 3.875 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.75 6.875 7.875 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
Distance (in.)

Pressure (psi)

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

Assignment Solver
Maths Master
George M.
Writing Factory
Engineering Help
24/7 Assignment Help
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
Assignment Solver

ONLINE

Assignment Solver

I am a PhD writer with 10 years of experience. I will be delivering high-quality, plagiarism-free work to you in the minimum amount of time. Waiting for your message.

$18 Chat With Writer
Maths Master

ONLINE

Maths Master

I have done dissertations, thesis, reports related to these topics, and I cover all the CHAPTERS accordingly and provide proper updates on the project.

$20 Chat With Writer
George M.

ONLINE

George M.

I can assist you in plagiarism free writing as I have already done several related projects of writing. I have a master qualification with 5 years’ experience in; Essay Writing, Case Study Writing, Report Writing.

$18 Chat With Writer
Writing Factory

ONLINE

Writing Factory

I have done dissertations, thesis, reports related to these topics, and I cover all the CHAPTERS accordingly and provide proper updates on the project.

$15 Chat With Writer
Engineering Help

ONLINE

Engineering Help

I can assist you in plagiarism free writing as I have already done several related projects of writing. I have a master qualification with 5 years’ experience in; Essay Writing, Case Study Writing, Report Writing.

$19 Chat With Writer
24/7 Assignment Help

ONLINE

24/7 Assignment Help

I will provide you with the well organized and well research papers from different primary and secondary sources will write the content that will support your points.

$29 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Functional health assessment of a movie character - Biology analyzing data answers - Kaspersky anti hacker 1.9 4 licence key - Altium add footprint to component - Professional Drone Camera - Bank of america's consumer spending survey collected data - Personal Asset Management - I need this homework - Case study - Five principles of cultural safety - Negative effects of homework on students - Little books inc recently reported - Wetherby building systems golborne - Rostan line dancing canberra - Department of Health and Human Services and services provided by the agencie - Control restart hra machine - Cincinnati zoo case study answer - Amy whatcha gonna do lyrics - Jack hayford new wife valerie lemire - Discipline Case Study Flowchart - Marketing Principles and Practices 2 - Eulogy for father in law - Drum time signatures explained - Na2co3 ki net ionic equation - Apa code of ethics 2017 - Cftc interim compliant identifier - Verify that the linear speed of an ultracentrifuge - Freedoms of the air - Coca cola workplace rights policy - Medications Used to Treat Mental Illness - John price katherine knight - Where did rip van winkle live - Online virtual fish dissection - 39-41 worland road wangaratta - Mike markel practical strategies for technical communication 2nd edition pdf - Hanger mobile book report - Paige turner tax return - Attic red figure kylix - RM-2 - Excel qm linear programming - Hensley industries mansfield texas - Biome activity high school - Netflix organizational structure chart - What causes antibiotic resistance ted ed - Csi web adventures rookie training - Ato weekly tax table - Moodoo rabbit proof fence - Thesis - Influencing styles questionnaire - What did lennie do in weed - Nursing practice and decision making essay - Loma linda pharmacy school - The manufacturer of the vinegar used in this experiment - Is exaggeration a persuasive technique - On course 3rd edition pdf - Importance of personal presentation hygiene and conduct in a salon - Planet earth caves answers - Creating a company culture for security design document - Systems engineering principles and practice pdf - Cross training goals objectives - Revise My Essay - Philosophy Questions - Academy of mary immaculate - Toole - Northern hairy nosed wombat interesting facts - Partenavia p68c flight manual - Casp qualitative - Jakaranda never let you go spotify - The mechanically perverted robot on the road - Intelligent hospital pavilion icu - Short run and long run expansion path - Was charles darwin a freemason - Management discussion - Types of quadrilaterals project - Truck and transport red seal exam answer key - Steps to light a bunsen burner - Culture and Health Care System - Speare hospital patient portal - DB 7 - World language research foundation - Community teaching plan teaching experience paper gcu - #12 - Review document and answer questions in detail, no plagiarism. - Last hours of pompeii - Cell biology and genetics uts - Social sciences north flinders university - A vending machine distributes soft drinks through an - Belkasoft acquisition tool download - Private Label Screen Printing - Organisational standards for creating business documents - Chapt 5 Research Assignment: Qual vs Quant - Business report title page - Upper lower jeff nippard - No gumption by russell baker questions and answers - Set addefaultdomainpasswordpolicy - Sicko movie worksheet answers - Need by Monday - Strategy formulation is an essential component of the polc framework - Salford university campus map - Cloud Computing week 2