Fluid friction in a smooth bore pipe lab report

Mechanical Engineering

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If you can not guarantee me an A which is at least a 90 please do not bidFluid Friction - The H408 Fluid Friction Apparatus UTD Mechanical Engineering Fluids Lab (MECH 3115) Dr. Hui Ouyang Outline • • • • • • Fluid friction Experimental instruments/apparatus Experimental procedure Data collection Data analysis Results and discussion Introduction to fluid friction • When the fluid is viscid, ‘sticky’, if there is velocity difference within water ‘particles’ or between water particle and other surface (wall), friction will occur (shear force). • Friction will cause energy dissipated into the environment instead of keeping the energy within the fluid. • The energy ‘lost’ to the environment is quantified by friction loss. • Friction factor, f and loss coefficient ,k can give us a general ideal of the friction loss in current internal pipe system. • Further, by understanding friction loss, optimized pipe system can be designed to meet human needs. • There is al way s frictional loss (head loss) in internal flow of a viscous fluid. Introduction to fluid friction • This loss can be intensified by roughening the pipe, changing direction in the flow sharply, or introducing different geometries into the path. • Friction factor, f - Lewis Moody created an empirical chart that allowed us to calculate the expected loss as a function of roughness/diameter and Reynolds number for straight pipe only (major loss). • Loss coefficients must be handled as localized losses (minor loss). Experiment apparatus Cautions: • At least one exit valve needs to be open before opening the inlet valve. • Only the channel for the current interest needs to be open, every other exit valve remain closed. • When switch to a different channel, open the designated exit valve first, then close the previous one. • Watch out for water spill from the piezometer. Experimental Procedure 1. Start the flow bench. 2. Adjust the valve on the flow bench to your desired flowrate, and make sure at least one outlet valve is open. 3. Open the flow through the section of pipe you wish to measure head loss through (ensure all other pipes are closed) 4. Record the readings in piezometer, ∆h. 5. Repeat 2-4 for different sections. 6. Repeat 2-5 for different flow rates. Data Collection • Data you record – Difference in pressure heads, ∆ℎ for: • Smooth pipe (Dark Blue Pipe Tapping #13-#14) • Rough pipe (Gray Pipe Tapping #30-#31) • Radial Bend (Sky Blue Pipe Tapping #15 - #16 ) – Volume flow rate from the flowmeter, Q Data Collection Section (Tapping Numbers) #13 - #14 Smooth Tube Flow rate 1 #30-#31 Rough Tube #15 - #16 Radial Bend #13 - #14 Smooth Tube Flow rate 2 #30-#31 Rough Tube #15 - #16 Radial Bend Flow rate 3 #13 - #14 Smooth Tube #30-#31 Rough Tube #15 - #16 Radial Bend Q (Flow rate) d [m] (pipe inner diameter) 𝒍𝒍 [m] 𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯 [mm] (Section length) (from the piezometer) 𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯[mm] (from the piezometer) Δh [mm] Data Analysis Flow rate# Section (Tapping Numbers) Q [L/min] d [m] 𝒍𝒍 [m] Δh [mm] u [m/s] 13,14 Smooth Tube 1 30, 31 Rough Tube 13,14 Smooth Tube 2 30, 31 Rough Tube 13,14 Smooth Tube 3 30, 31 Rough Tube • Notice unit conversions 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑄𝑄 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑2 ⁄4 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 𝒇𝒇𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬. 𝒇𝒇𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬. Hint: v is the fluid viscosity Hint: Empirical friction factor from Moody Chart Hint: Experimental friction factor from measured Δh 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑣𝑣 𝑓𝑓𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸. = 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔(∆ℎ) 2𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑢2 Data Analysis Section Flow Q 𝒍𝒍 (Tapping d [m] [m] rate# [L/min] Numbers) 1 • 15, 16 Radial Bend 2 15, 16 Radial Bend 3 15, 16 Radial Bend Notice unit conversions Δh [mm] u [m/s] 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 𝒇𝒇𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬. Hint: Empirical Hint: v is friction the fluid factor for viscosity smooth pipe from Moody Chart From the piezometer 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑄𝑄 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑2 ⁄4 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑣𝑣 ∆ℎ𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 [mm] ∆ℎ𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 [mm] Hint: Babcock & Wilcox Figure Hint: