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CONTEXT:
The goal of any strategic planning activity is to enhance organization performance. Through involvement in strategic planning, employees achieve a better understanding of the organization's operation. The process allows for proactive decision-making. It is important to anticipate and respond to issues and to understand that sometimes a philosophical change will surface. There are twelve general strategies an organization might follow when implementing change. Adopting one or more of these strategies might mark a new beginning for an organization, especially if the employees understand and support the plan of action. The twelve strategies are:
Forward Integration: Increase control of distributors or retailers.
Backward Integration: Increase control of firms' suppliers.
Horizontal Integration: Increase control of competitors.
Market Penetration: Increase market share for current products in current markets.
Market Development: Introduce current product in new geographic areas.
Product Development: Increase sales through improved or new product.
Concentric Diversification: Add new but related products.
Conglomerate Diversification: Add new unrelated products.
Horizontal Diversification: Add new, unrelated products for current customers.
Retrenchment: Cost reduction to reverse declining profit and sales.
Divestiture: Sale of part of the organization.
Liquidation: Sale of the company's assets.