Hands on microsoft windows server 2008 michael palmer pdf

Second Edition

Michael Palmer

Hands-On Networking Fundamentals

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iii

PREFACE� xiii

CHAPtER�1 Networking: An Overview 1

CHAPtER�2 How LAN and WAN Communications Work 41

CHAPtER�3 Using Network Communication Protocols 89

CHAPtER��4 Connecting Through a Cabled Network 145

CHAPtER�5 Devices for Connecting Networks 187

CHAPtER�6 Connecting Through a Wireless Network 231

CHAPtER�7 Sharing Resources on a Network 283

CHAPtER�8 Using a Server 339

CHAPtER�9 Understanding WAN Connection Choices 393

CHAPtER�10 Basic Network Design 431

CHAPtER�11 Securing Your Network 469

CHAPtER�12 Maintaining and Troubleshooting Your Network 523

APPEndix�A A Short History of Networking 575

APPEndix�B Network Certifications and Network Equipment Vendors 583

APPEndix�C List of Acronyms 593

APPEndix�d A Step-by-Step Guide to Using Server Virtualization Software 605

GLOSSARY� 637

indEx� 657

Brief�Contents

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Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

v

PREFACE� xiii

CHAPtER�1 Networking: An Overview 1

What Is a Network? 2

Basic Networking Concepts 3 Understanding the Types of Networks 3 Using Basic Networking Terms 7 Understanding Network Concepts in Historical Context 9

Using a Network in a Home 10 Connecting Computers for Sharing Files and Printers 10 Using Internet and Entertainment Resources 11 Connecting Home Resources 15

Using a Network in an Office 16 Using a Network to Save Time and Money 16 Using a Network as a Business Strategy 16 Connecting Office Resources 17

Identifying Boundaries Between Networks 18

Network Topologies 23 Bus Topology 24 Ring Topology 26 Star Topology 26 Star-Bus Hybrid Topology 28 Star-Ring Hybrid Topology 28 Mesh Topology 29 Tree Topology 29

Network Design Introduction 30

Putting It All Together: Designing a Simple LAN 31

Chapter Summary 33

Key Terms 33

Review Questions 35

Case Projects 38

CHAPtER�2 How LAN and WAN Communications Work 41

The OSI Reference Model 42 Physical Layer 44 Data Link Layer 47 Network Layer 51 Transport Layer 52 Session Layer 53 Presentation Layer 54 Application Layer 57

Communicating Between Stacks 60

Applying the OSI Model 62 Understanding the Role of Requests for Comments 63

LAN Transmission Methods 64 Ethernet 64 Token Ring 68 Fiber Distributed Data Interface 69

WAN Network Communications 70 Telecommunications WANs 70 Cable TV WANs 73 Wireless WANs 74

Contents

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vi Contents

WAN Transmission Methods 77

Putting It All Together: Designing an Ethernet Network 78

Chapter Summary 79

Key Terms 80

Review Questions 83

Case Projects 86

CHAPtER�3 Using Network Communication Protocols 89

An Overview of Network Protocols 90 Properties of a LAN Protocol 90 LAN Protocols and Operating Systems 90

Legacy Protocols 92 IPX/SPX 92 NetBEUI 92 AppleTalk 92

TCP/IP 93 The History and Role of TCP/IP 93 Protocols and Applications of the TCP/IP Suite 93 How TCP Works 95 How the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Works 100 How the Internet Protocol (IP) Works 101

Using IPv4 and IPv4 Addressing 104 Basic IPv4 Addressing 104 The Role of the Subnet Mask 106 Creating Subnetworks 106 IPv4 Address Rules 107

Using IPv6 112 Features of IPv6 112 IPv6 Addressing 113 IPv6 Headers 113 IP Security 115 Quality of Service and IPv6 115 IPv6 and Routing Tables 115 Types of IPv6 Packets 116 Encryption and the IPv6 Packet 116

TCP/IP Application Protocols 118 Telnet 119 SSH 120 FTP, TFTP, and NFS 120 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 122 Domain Name System (DNS) 123 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 126 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 126 Neighbor Discovery (ND) Protocol 127 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 127 HTTP, S-HTTP, and HTTPS 129 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 130

VoIP 131

TCP/IP and the OSI Reference Model Compared 132

Transporting LAN Protocols over WANs 132 SLIP 133 PPP 133 L2TP 134 SS7 134

Putting It All Together: Designing a Network to Use TCP/IP and Application Protocols 135

Chapter Summary 136

Key Terms 136

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Contents vii

Review Questions 140

Case Projects 143

CHAPtER�4 Connecting Through a Cabled Network 145

Communications Media Types 146 Coaxial Cable 148 Twisted-Pair Cable 152 Fiber-Optic Cable 158 Hybrid Fiber/Coax Cable 162

High-Speed Technologies for Twisted-Pair and Fiber-Optic Cables 162 Fast Ethernet 162 Gigabit Ethernet 165 10 Gigabit Ethernet 166 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet 167

Connecting Computers to a Cabled Network 169 The NIC Connector 169 The Role of Firmware and NIC Drivers 169 Using a Transceiver 175 The Role of the MAC Controller Unit 175 Half- and Full-Duplex NIC Communications 176 Buses and NICs 176 Choosing a NIC 177

Putting It All Together: Designing a Cabled Network 178

Chapter Summary 179

Key Terms 180

Review Questions 183

Case Projects 186

CHAPtER�5 Devices for Connecting Networks 187

LAN Transmission Devices 188 Repeater 188 Multistation Access Unit 191 Hub 192 Bridge 193 Router 198 Switch 208 Gateway 209

WAN Transmission Devices 211 Analog Telephone Modems 211 ISDN Adapters 213 Cable TV Modems 213 DSL Modems and Routers 215 Access Servers 220 Remote Routers 222

Putting It All Together: Designing a Router-Based Network 222

Chapter Summary 224

Key Terms 224

Review Questions 227

Case Projects 230

CHAPtER�6 Connecting Through a Wireless Network 231

Current Wireless Networking Technologies 232

A Short History of Wireless Networks 233

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viii Contents

Advantages of Wireless Networks 234 Providing an Alternative to Wired Networks 234 Saving Money and Time 234 Providing Access Anywhere 235 Simplifying Networks for Novices 235 Enhancing Data Access 235

Wireless Network Support Organizations 236

Radio Wave Technologies 237

IEEE 802.11 Radio Wave Networking 238 Wireless Components 239 Wireless Networking Access Methods 247 Handling Data Errors 248 Transmission Speeds 248 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ad Compared 252 802.11 Deployment Tips 254 802.11 Security Techniques 254 Using Authentication to Disconnect 261 802.11 Network Topologies 261 Multiple-Cell Wireless LANs 263

Alternative Radio Wave Technologies 263 Bluetooth 263 HiperLAN 266

Infrared Technologies 266

Wireless MANs 267

Wireless Hotspots 268 Stationary Wireless Hotspots 268 Mobile Hotspots 269

Cellular Phone Communications 269

Microwave Technologies 270 Terrestrial Microwave 270 Satellite Microwave 271

Putting It All Together: Designing a Wireless Network 273 Designing for a Home or Small Office 274 Designing for a Large Organization 274

Chapter Summary 275

Key Terms 275

Review Questions 279

Case Projects 282

CHAPtER�7 Sharing Resources on a Network 283

What Is Peer-to-Peer Networking? 284 Peer-to-Peer Networking for Home Use 286 Peer-to-Peer Networking for Office Use 289

Configuring Windows-Based Computers for Peer-to-Peer Networking 290 Client for Microsoft Networks 291 TCP/IP Configuration 292 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks 292 Using Workgroups in Windows 294

Configuring UNIX/Linux Computers for Peer-to-Peer Networking 297

Configuring Mac OS X Computers for Peer-to-Peer Networking and Resource Sharing 297

Configuring User Accounts 300 Configuring User Accounts in Windows 7 300 Configuring Accounts in UNIX/Linux 302 Configuring Accounts in Mac OS X 306

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Contents ix

Sharing Folders and Directories 308 Sharing Files and Folders in Windows 7 309 Accessing and Sharing Resources in Windows 7 313 Configuring Sharing in UNIX/Linux 314 Configuring Sharing in Mac OS X 317

Sharing Printers 318 Configuring Shared Printing in Windows Systems 320 Configuring Shared Printing in UNIX/Linux 322 Configuring Shared Printing in Mac OS X Snow Leopard and Lion 323

Shared Internet Access 324

Cloud Computing 324

Implementing a Virtual Private Network 327

Storage Area Networks 328

Putting It All Together: Designing a Peer-to-Peer Office Network to Share Resources 330

Chapter Summary 331

Key Terms 332

Review Questions 334

Case Projects 337

CHAPtER�8 Using a Server 339

Using a Server in a Home Network 340

Using a Server in an Office Network 341

Installing a Server 342 What Type of Computer to Use 342 Where to Locate a Server and Ensuring Power 343 Who Should Manage a Server 348 Installing Windows Server 2008 and Server 2008 R2 348

Virtualization 353 Reasons for Virtual Servers 354 Virtual Networks 355 Installing a Virtual Machine 356

Server Functions in Windows Server, UNIX/Linux, and Mac OS X Server 357

Looking Ahead: Windows Server 2012 on the Network 358

Setting Up a Server 359 Creating User Accounts 359 Optimizing Server Performance 368 Configuring Shared Resources on Windows, UNIX/Linux, and Mac OS X Servers 371

Managing Your Server 371 Managing and Monitoring Windows Server 371 Managing and Monitoring UNIX/Linux 377 Managing and Monitoring Mac OS X 383

Putting It All Together: Designing a Server-Based Office Network 385

Chapter Summary 386

Key Terms 387

Review Questions 389

Case Projects 392

CHAPtER�9 Understanding WAN Connection Choices 393

Frame Relay 394 Frame Relay Layered Communications 396 Switching and Virtual Connections 396

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x Contents

Voice over Frame Relay (VoFR) 397 Vendor Services 397

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 398 Digital Communications Services 399 Broadband ISDN 402 ISDN and OSI Layered Communications 402 ISDN Considerations 402 Connecting to ISDN Through a T-Carrier 403

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 403 How ATM Works 406 ATM Layered Communications 406

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 407 DSL Basics 408 DSL Service Types 409

SONET 414 Communications Media and Characteristics 414 SONET Network Topology and Failure Recovery 415 SONET Layers and the OSI Model 416

Ethernet-Based MANs, CANs, and WANs (Optical Ethernet) 417

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 418

Putting It All Together: Designing for WAN Communications 422

Chapter Summary 422

Key Terms 423

Review Questions 425

Case Projects 428

CHAPtER�10 Basic Network Design 431

Factors that Affect a Network Design 432 Purpose of the Network 432 Anticipated Network Traffic 433 Redundancy Requirements 434 User Movement 435 Accommodating Future Growth 435 Planning for Security 436 WAN Connectivity Considerations 436 LAN and WAN Costs 436 Existing Network Topology and Resources 437

Guidelines for Installing Cable 440 Strategies for Upgrading Cable 441 Strategies for Installing Cable 442

Using Structured Wiring and Structured Network Designs 443 Using Structured Wiring 443 Using Vertical Wiring and Structured Networking 444 Integrating Wireless Communications 448 Using Full-Duplex Communications in a Network Design 451

Designing a Network for a Home 452 Locating Computers 452 Walking Through a Cabled Design 452 Walking Through a Wireless Design 453 Maintenance and Support Issues 454

Designing a Network for an Office or Organization 455 Locating Hosts and Servers 456 Walking Through a Cabled Design 458 Walking Through a Wireless Design 461 Maintenance and Support Issues 462

Putting It All Together: Network Design Summary Tips 462

Chapter Summary 463

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Contents xi

Key Terms 464

Review Questions 464

Case Projects 467

CHAPtER�11 Securing Your Network 469

Why Security Is Essential 470

Practical Security Preparations 470 Using Operating System Security Features 471 Using Network Security Features 472 Learning More About Security 472

Anatomy of Malicious Attacks 473 Stand-Alone Workstation or Server Attacks 474 Attacks Enabled by Access to Passwords 477 Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses 478 Buffer Attacks 479 Denial-of-Service Attacks 479 Man-in-the-Middle Attacks 480 Source Routing Attacks 480 Application-Layer Attacks 480 Spoofing 480 Programmable Logic Controller Attacks 481 Sniffer Attacks 481 E-Mail Attacks 481 Port-Scanning Attacks 481 Wireless Attacks 482 Spam 483 Spyware 484 Inside Attacks 487 Social Engineering Attacks 487

How to Protect Your Network 488 Installing Updates 488 Using IP Security 494 Establishing Border and Firewall Security 500

Putting It All Together: Designing Security for Home and Office Networks 513 Designing a Secure Home Network 514 Designing a Secure Office Network 514

Chapter Summary 515

Key Terms 515

Review Questions 517

Case Projects 521

CHAPtER�12 Maintaining and Troubleshooting Your Network 523

How to Monitor Your Network 524 Network-Monitoring Devices 524 Using Basic Network-Monitoring Tools in Your Operating System 528 Using Performance Monitor in Windows Server 541 Using Network Monitor 550 Using the SNMP Service in Windows Server 550

Using Your Network for Backups 556 Backup Services in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008/ Server 2008 R2 557 Windows Sync Center 559 Backup Services in UNIX/Linux 559 Backup Utility in Mac OS X 560

How to Solve Network Problems 561 Solving Client, Server, and Network Connectivity Problems 561 Solving NIC and WNIC Broadcast Problems 563

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

xii Contents

Solving Cable Problems 563 Solving Wireless Problems 564 Solving Network Printing Problems 566

Putting It All Together: Designing a Solutions Strategy 567

Chapter Summary 568

Key Terms 569

Review Questions 570

Case Projects 573

APPEndix�A A Short History of Networking 575

APPEndix�B Network Certifications and Network Equipment Vendors 583

Network Certifications 583

Network Equipment Vendors 585

APPEndix�C List of Acronyms 593

APPEndix�d A Step-by-Step Guide to Using Server Virtualization Software 605

Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 606 Requirements for Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 606 Virtual Machine Operating Systems Supported 607 How to Download Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 SP1 607 How to Install Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 SP1 608 Creating a Virtual Machine and Installing a Guest OS 609 Installing an OS from an ISO Image 612 Configuring Networking and Hardware Options 612 Host Key Options 613

Microsoft Virtual Server 614 Microsoft Virtual Server Guest Operating Systems Supported 615 Microsoft Virtual Server Host Operating Systems Supported 615 Requirements for Microsoft Virtual Server 615 How to Download Microsoft Virtual Server 616 How to Install Microsoft Virtual Server 616 Creating a Virtual Machine and Installing a Guest OS 618 Installing an OS from an ISO Image 622 Configuring Networking and Hardware Options 622 Host Key Options 625

VMware Player 625 VMware Player Guest Operating Systems Supported 626 VMware Player Host Operating Systems Supported 626 Requirements for VMware Player 627 How to Download VMware Player 627 How to Install VMware Player 628 Creating a Virtual Machine and Installing a Guest OS 629 Installing an OS from an ISO Image 632 Editing Hardware and Network Options 632

Other Virtual Systems 633 VMware Workstation 633

Microsoft Hyper-V 634

GLOSSARY� 637

indEx� 657

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xiii

Preface

Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition opens the world of computer networks to you. Computer networks are a staple in homes, coffee shops, offices, businesses, public places, and organizations. Computer networks involve personal computers, servers, tablet PCs, mobile phones, and other mobile devices. Through sharing information and resources, networks extend the power of computers worldwide. If you are new to networking or just beginning, this book is your chance to learn about networks from the ground up, combining simple and clear explanations of networking concepts and principles with Hands-On Activities to provide a strong foundation in computer networking. Learning about networks enables you to see the larger picture of computing possibilities.

In Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition you learn what networks are and how they work. You also learn about planning, designing, and installing networks in many dif- ferent situations. The book introduces you to networking theory and makes the theory come alive through interactive Hands-On Activities. An important element of the hands-on approach is the ability to immediately apply and reinforce what you have learned. Many of the Hands-On Activities use Windows 7, Windows Server 2008/Server 2008 R2, UNIX/Linux, Mac OS X, or any combination of these computer operating systems. You can use just one operating system to practice the concepts, or you can use a combination of operating systems for broader learning. By the time you reach the end of a chapter, what you have learned is real, because you have al- ready practiced it.

Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition is written in clear language to enable someone who has never before worked with a network to understand, design, and implement a network. It also provides the essential building blocks for further study toward one of several kinds of network certifications, such as Network+.

Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition not only introduces you to network- ing, but also provides background and experience with the latest networking technologies— wired, wireless, and mobile. You learn to stay current through accessing Web sites for networking standards, technologies, and vendors.

The Intended Audience Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition is written in straightforward language for anyone who is new to networking. No prior networking experience is needed, although some experience in using a computer is helpful. Basic experience with Windows, UNIX, Linux, or Mac OS X operating systems is also helpful. You can use one, a combination, or all of these operat- ing systems for the activities in this book. For the most part, the activities can be performed in a classroom, in a computer lab, or at home.

If you are learning networking for the first time, updating your existing networking knowl- edge, or interested in further study for a network certification program, Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition is the book for you.

New in This Edition Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition is fully updated for Windows 7, Windows Server 2008/Server 2008 R2, and UNIX/Linux (with the GNOME 3.x desktop). Also, coverage is added for Mac OS X Snow Leopard and Lion as well as some coverage for the Android ( tablet PC and smartphone) and iOS (iPad and iPhone) operating systems. The book discontinues coverage of older operating systems, such as Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. All of the activities and review questions in the book are updated for the new operating systems.

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xiv Preface

In addition, some of the new topics covered in Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition include:

• Wireless 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ad, and other wireless networking advancements

• Information about how cellular networks operate

• Advancements in cellular wireless networking and integration with other networks

• 3G and 4G networks and mobile networking devices

• Cloud computing and networks

• Virtual computing and networks

• New network design strategies

• Network and cloud storage

• Far more extensive coverage of IPv6

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6

• Simple Network Management Protocol version 3

• 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet

• New Digital Subscriber Line and cable TV network capabilities

• New coverage of the tree topology

• Expanded coverage of wireless MANs, including WiMAX and HiperMAN wireless communications

• New coverage of MPLS for WANs

• Advances in shared resource access, including new security options

• New coverage for virtual private networking

• New network security strategies

• Advancements in networking devices and network monitoring

• Server-based network changes related to using Windows Server 2008/Server 2008 R2, UNIX/Linux, and Mac OS X Server

Chapter Descriptions Consisting of 12 chapters, Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, Second Edition is written to provide flexibility for classroom, online, and individual use. The book starts at a beginning level in which you learn about the basics of networking. When you finish the book you should be well grounded in network theory, application, LANs and WANS, mobile networking, wireless networking, network design, security, management, monitoring, and troubleshooting.

• Chapter 1: Networking: An Overview describes the purpose of networks and how they benefit homes, businesses, and small to large organizations. The chapter introduces you to basic network concepts and explains network topologies. You also learn beginning network design approaches and apply what you have learned to the design of a local area network.

• Chapter 2: How LAN and WAN Communications Work lays the foundation for under- standing network communications through the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) refer- ence model. The model takes the mystery out of how two computers communicate on a network or how a small network connects to a larger network, such as the Internet. In the process of learning the OSI model, you also learn the key network transmission methods, particularly focusing on Ethernet. Toward the end of the chapter you learn wide area net- work topologies and transmission methods. In addition, you learn about mobile wireless networks that use 3G and 4G communications.

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Preface xv

• Chapter 3: Using Network Communication Protocols enables you to understand the lan- guages used in network communications through protocols. Some of the protocols you learn include TCP, UDP, IPv4, and IPv6. You additionally learn a suite of practical applica- tions and protocols used with TCP/IP communications. Wide area and telecommunications network protocols used in everyday communications are also presented.

• Chapter 4: Connecting Through a Cabled Network teaches you the range of cabled net- work communications media, particularly focusing on twisted-pair, fiber-optic, and hybrid fiber/coax cable. You learn which cable technologies work best in different network designs and how to upgrade older networks. Popular and new high-speed cable technologies are ex- plained as well as computer interfaces to networks. You learn the specifications for cabled networks to enable you to design, build, and manage your own.

• Chapter 5: Devices for Connecting Networks describes an impressive array of network devices from simple repeaters to more complex routers. You learn the specific roles of each network device and different ways to use devices in a network design. At the end of the chapter you learn how to design a router-based network.

• Chapter 6: Connecting Through a Wireless Network explains wireless networking technol- ogies. You learn the basic theory of wireless networking and how to apply the theory. The wireless local area network technologies discussed include 802.11, Bluetooth, HiperLAN, and infrared. You also learn wireless communications for metropolitan and wide area networks such as 802.16 (WiMAX), HiperMAN, wireless hotspots, cellular phone/ data networking, terrestrial microwave, and satellite microwave technologies. Security is addressed in detail to make wireless networking feasible for many applications. The end of the chapter gives tips for designing home, small office, and much larger wireless networks.