Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

Chapter 1

Introducing

Today’s

Technologies

INTRODUCTION TO

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2

When you listen the word “Computer” What do you think?

The Computer used to create:

•Business letters.

•Memos and other

correspondence

•Calculate Payroll

•Generate Invoices

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BUT: There are many other computers

• Computers are everywhere

4

Inside our Home:

•Smart TVs

•Smart phones

•Video Games

•Cameras

•Appliances

•Tablets

•Others

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Class Objectives

1- Define the term “Computer”.

2- Differentiate among types of

computers and their uses.

3- The relationship between data and

information.

4- Explain various input options.

5- Differentiate between an operating

system and applications.

6- Individuals and businesses networks.

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Today’s Technology

What is Digital literacy?

• Because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate.

• Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the web, and related technologies.

What Computer Is (Definition)?

Produces and stores results

Electronic device operating under the control

of instructions stored in its own memory.

Processes data into information

Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

Accepts data

Raw facts, figures, and symbols

In other words:

accept data (input)

manipulate the data (process)

produce results (output)

and store the results for future use.

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Data Vs Information

Input

Output

Storage

Communication

Process

What is the Information Processing Cycle?

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What are hardware and software?

Software Instructions that tell

hardware how to perform

tasks

Hardware Electronic and mechanical

equipment

Physical portion of a

computer.

Components: monitor,

keyboard, memory, hard

drive

Instructions used to

manipulate hardware

Requirements: input,

processing, storage, output

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1. Input devices

2. The processor

3. Memory

4. Output devices

5. Storage devices

6. Communications devices

The processor, memory, and storage devices are housed in a box-like case called the system unit

The six primary components of a computer are:

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• Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computerInput Device

• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

Output Device

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

System Unit

• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

Storage Device

• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Communications Device

 is any hardware

component that

allows you to enter

data, programs,

commands, and user

responses into a

computer.

What is an input devices?

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• A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device

The Keyboard

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What is a Pointing device?

• A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a small symbol on the screen called the pointer

• Some mobile devices and computers enable you to speak data instructions using voice input and to capture live full-motion images using video input

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What is a scanner?

• A scanner is a light- sensing input device that converts printed text and images (analogic) into a form the computer can process (digital).

What is an output device?

Output

device is any

hardware that

makes the

information

available for

use

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What is a Printer?

• A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium, such as paper or other material

• A 3-D printer can print solid objects, such as clothing, eyewear, implants, toys, parts, prototypes, and more

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What is a Display?

• A display is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information.

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What are Speakers?

• Speakers allow you to hear audio such as music, voice, and other sounds.

– Earbuds

– Headphones

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What is the System Unit?

• Box-like case containing electronic components connected to motherboard

• Also called a chassis

CPU and Memory

1. The processor (CPU) interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer.

2. Memory (RAM) consists of electronic components that temporarily stores instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processed data.

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 Processor

 Memory module

 Processor

 Memory module

 Expansion cards

• Sound card

• Modem card

• Video card

• Network interface card

 Ports and Connectors

 Processor

 Memory module

 Expansion cards

• Sound card

 Processor

 Memory module

 Expansion cards

• Sound card

• Modem card

 Processor

 Memory module

 Expansion cards

• Sound card

• Modem card

• Video card

 Processor

 Memory module

 Expansion cards

• Sound card

• Modem card

• Video card

• Network interface card

 Processor

What are common components inside the

system unit?

What is a Storage Device?

A storage device is used to store instructions, data, and information when they are not being used in memory.

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Memory Vs Storage

Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and the data needed by those instructions

A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on storage media

A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

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Some types of storage devices

Hard Disk Solid-State Drive

USB Flash Drive

Memory Card Optical Disc Cloud Storage

What is a Communications Device?

A communications device is a hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computer.

What is a Computer Network?

• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media

– Local area network

– Wide area network

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What are the reasons to network?

Software

programs

Hardware

devices

Data

Information

To save

time and

money To save resources

such as:

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Communications and Networks

Home Networks

• Connect to the Internet

• Share a single high-speed Internet connection

• Access photos, music, videos, and other content

• Share devices

• Play multiplayer games

• Connect game consoles to the Internet

• Subscribe to and use VoIP

• Interact with other devices in a smart home

Business Networks

• Facilitate communications

• Share hardware

• Share data, information, and software

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Server

Server2

Miami New York

Server3 Spain

Communications and Networks

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What is INTERNET?

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

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Technology Uses

Education Government Finance Retail

Entertainment Health Care Science Travel

Publishing Manufacturing

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Categories of Computers

Embedded computers

Supercomputers

Mainframes

Servers

Mobile and Game Devices

Personal computers

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Types of Personal Computers

• Laptop

• Tablet

• Desktop

• All-in-One

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Types of Mobile and Game Devices

Smartphone

Digital camera

Portable and digital media player

E-book reader

Wearable device

Game device

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Servers

• A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network

– Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information

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Mainframes

• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

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Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer

– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second

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Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.

Consumer Electronics

•Mobile and digital telephones

•Digital televisions

•Cameras

•Video recorders

•DVD players and recorders

•Answering machines

Home Automation Devices

•Thermostats

•Sprinkling systems

•Security monitoring systems

•Appliances

•Lights

Automobiles

•Antilock brakes

•Engine control modules

•Airbag controller

•Cruise control

Process Controllers and Robotics

•Remote monitoring systems

•Power monitors

•Machine controllers

•Medical devices

Computer Devices and Office Machines

•Keyboards

•Printers

•Faxes

•Copiers

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What are five categories of computer users?

Home User Small/Home Office User

Mobile User

Power User Enterprise User

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A Day Made of Glass 1

45

A Day Made of Glass

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Chapter Summary

Basic computer concepts

Various methods for input, output,

memory, and storage

The Internet

Digital security and safety risks and

precautions

Uses of technology applications in

society