HOSP 4060
Final Exam
Essay One 4 points
Provide basic background information about this company. Critique the mission
and vision statements of this company using the tools and techniques presented in
this class. Conversely, if they do not have either of these tools, suggest a sample
mission and sample vision statement for this company then critique each. Include an
analysis of their current goals.
Hostess began in Manhattan as the Ward Baking Company in 1849. It grew
regionally and changed its name to Continental Bakeries in 1925 and bought Wonder
Bread. In 1930 the iconic Twinkie was created. The company changed hands several
times, and in 1995 Hostess was sold to Interstate Bakeries and became the largest bakery
in the United States, with $3.2 billion in sales, 58 factories, 1,250 outlet stores and 10,500
delivery routes. Eventually consumer tastes changed toward more health conscious
snacks, the price of flour and sugar rose, and costs for things such as pensions for
unionized workers lead Hostess to file for bankruptcy in 2004. The company emerged
from bankruptcy in 2009, with a new owner but with many of its old problems – high
pension expenses, inefficient manufacturing, shipping and delivery systems, and still high
debt. Despite union concessions to save the company money, Hostess filed again for
bankruptcy in 2012. It was in liquidation when Andy Jhawar and C. Dean Metropoulos
purchased the company and began to rebuild and reinvent the Hostess brand.
Because of the liquidation, many of the problems that plagued the company
previously were gone – pension costs, union contracts, debt, outdated factories and
unprofitable routes. Mr. Jhawar and Mr. Metropoulos had a brand and saw opportunity.
They re-built the Hostess brand from the ground up. They modernized the factories,
invested in software to manage inventory and logistics, and invested in research and
development to lengthen the shelf life of the Hostess products. They developed a
marketing plan to announce the comeback of Twinkies and demand skyrocketed. Future
plans for Hostess include targeting new markets, creating updated versions of the Hostess
classic products with new flavors, and perhaps there is a sale or an IPO possible for the
company.
Mission and Vision statements for Hostess brands were not available but they
may be something like this:
Vision Statement: Hostess brands will continue to grow and change to provide future
generations the snack products they desire.
Mission Statement: Our mission is to offer value to all our stakeholders – our investors,
employees and consumers – by producing quality bakery and snack products in a cost-
effective manner that is safe for our employees and the environment. We are proud to
have served generations of consumers the products they desire and our goal is to change
and update our products to match the changing needs and desires of our customers
nationwide.
The vision statement above addresses the company’s desire to stay competitive in
the industry by continuing to change their products as their customers’ tastes change. It
also inspires by mentioning serving future generations, a valuable reminder that they
have done so for past generations.
The mission statement addresses customers, products, market, concern for
employee safety and desire to provide value for all stakeholders and mentions a desire to
be environmentally conscious in regard to their production methods. It does mention
self-concept – that they are proud to have served generations of consumers. The concern
for survival is seen in that their goal is to adapt their products to serve the changing needs
and desire of their customers. Perhaps more information on technology could included as
well as more on the company philosophy
Essay Two 4 points
Using Porter’s four quadrant theory, identify and explain this company’s position in
the marketplace, include analysis of competitors for the other three quadrants.
Include in your analysis a discussion of the five forces model and its impact on this
company and industry segment. Note: Visuals can be beneficial to communicate
your analysis.
Competitive Advantage
Scope of
Operations
In the above Porter’s 4-quadrant chart, Hostess brands have a broader target
range, perhaps because of their brand recognition nation-wide and age of the company.
They can be found in most every grocery store, pharmacy, gas station and convenience
store. The Little Debbie brand, whose products mimic Hostess products, are less
expensive than the Hostess products in general and are found in more low-end stores such
as Dollar General, although they are found in grocery stores, usually priced below similar
Hostess brands. The Sara Lee brand is known for higher quality, higher priced items,
including their baked goods. Weight Watchers snack and baked goods are relatively
new to the market. Weight Watchers differentiates its items by marketing to followers of
COST UNIQUENESS
BROAD
TARGET
Hostess Sara
Lee
NARROW
TARGET
Little
Debbie
Weight
Watchers
the Weight Watchers diet plan, by lowering the fat and calories and assigning a point
value to their products in conjunction with their point-based diet plan.
Porter’s 5 Forces Model, in addition to industry rivalry, considers the bargaining
power of buyers, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of suppliers and the threat
of entry of new companies.
In this situation the threat of entry of new competitors is relatively low. This is
because a large amount of capital is required to enter the market, existing firms have
patents, trademarks and strong existing brand reputation and recognition (such as with
Hostess). There can also be strong customer loyalty (think of the “panic” that resulted
when Hostess products such as Twinkies, would no longer be available). There has been
some differentiation of products recently, with Weight Watchers offering diet-friendly
products and companies like Quaker offering granola bars to appeal to the more health
conscious consumers.
The bargaining power of suppliers is high. In the baked goods industry, flour and
sugar are top priorities. The suppliers have the upper hand against bakeries, there are few
substitutes (such as perhaps artificial sweetener) because they know flour and sugar are
necessities and high quality is important to produce a product the consumer will want to
buy.
The bargaining power of buyers is relatively high, because there are many choices
of baked goods in the market at different prices points. If buyers are price sensitive and
there are many substitutes, then the buyers will exert bargaining power on the industry.
One thing that will lower the bargaining power of the buyer is simple brand or product
loyalty. If a customer likes Hostess Twinkies and doesn’t like the taste of the similar and
lower priced Little Debbie product, that customer will stay loyal to the Hostess product.
The threat of substitutes is high for Hostess Brands. Consumers can easily switch
from Hostess to another similar brand with little or no cost and may even spend less. The
only thing that tempers this threat is the loyalty customers may feel toward Hostess.
Rivalry among existing competitors is high because firms are aggressively
competing for market share, and many are doing this by offering products that are
healthier. There are many competitors in the field and the industry growth is slow. The
products can be easily substituted and are not differentiated to a great degree. To remain
competitive, Hostess should offer lower calorie or healthier products. Again, what helps
them with rivalry among existing competitors is the loyalty of customers to the brand.
Essay Three 4 points
Create a brief problem statement for this company. Next, conduct a SWOT analysis
for them including as many of the PESTEL external factors and internal factors as
possible in your assessment. Based on your SWOT analysis suggest three strategies
they could pursue to more firmly establish their competitive position. Be sure to
define the strategy and provide an appropriate example for this particular
company.
Problem Statement: Hostess Brands profits depend to a great degree on brand
recognition from the past. The company has made strides to modernize the company and
has corrected some of its mistakes from the past. It has streamlined its technology,
changed its recipes for a longer shelf life, dropped its expensive delivery routes, switched
to a warehousing system, and has not hired union workers since the new owners took
control. All of these steps were necessary to maximize profits, but the company is not
doing enough to keep pace with the competition with what the new generation of
consumers is looking for in the market.
SWOT Analysis
Internal Environment
Strengths Weakness
Management New owner “start from scratch”
Provided funds to modernize equipment
Owner experienced in turn- around of food companies
Probably not planning to stay with the company
long-term
Brand Image Very well known brand
High customer loyalty
Domestic market
Image will fade with each generation
Finance and
Investment Investment in equipment to
streamline production
Investment in warehousing system
Investment in R & D to prolong shelf life
No investment in R & D of new products.
Future profitability in question
External Environment
Opportunities Threats
Economy In a cost-conscious economy, market product
in low-budget stores
Make not be able to lower production costs enough in a
sinking economy to offer
lower prices.
As population grows, demand for food will grow. May lead
to higher costs and tighter
profile margins.
Sociocultural Create new product line for more health-
Competition may have already saturated the market
conscious consumers
Market to new target demographics
with health-conscious snack
choices.
Opposition to change. Consumers may not be able to
relate Hostess brand to a
healthy snack choice
Technology Use technology/social media to increase
marketing efforts
Some loyal customers of past generation may not use social
media to a great degree
Ecology Promote company as a “green” company –
discontinued ecologically
detrimental delivery
routes.
May be limited in how much company can do to be
environmentally friendly.
Legal Comply with all safety and health standards for
production and delivery
of product
Maintain union-free workforce to avoid
previous issues
detrimental to company
Unions may try to infiltrate the workforce again.
Essay Four 4 points
Discuss this company’s current financial stability (include financial ratios and stock
information, if applicable, to demonstrate your assessment). In other words, are
they financially stable and how do you know? Note: Visuals can be beneficial to
communicate your analysis.
In 2012 Hostess was in Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings for the second time,
operating at a loss of $1.06 billion, with sales of $2.47 billion and liabilities of $2.5
billion. Pension expenses for unionized employees were over $930 million. Hostess was
in the process of liquidation, when Andy Jhawar and C. Dean Metropoulos decided to re-
build the Hostess brand and bid $410 million for the cake plans, the recipes and five
factories. Not included in the sale were all the problems that had help to bankrupt the
company – the pension costs, the union contracts, the expensive delivery routes and the
huge debt. Mr. Jhawar’s company Apollo put in $140 million in equity and Mr.
Metropoulos put in $40 million. A $500 million debt offering covered the rest.
The new owners predicted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization (EBITDA) in the first year would be $100 million; however, EBITDA
reached $178 million at the end of the first year of operations. Estimates show potential
EBITDA in its second year of operation under the new leadership to be over $200
million.
In 2015, the estimated value of Hostess is $2.5 billion. If Mr. Jhawar and Mr.
Metropoulos decided to sell the company at this price, they will realize a $2 billion profit.
$ 2,500,000,000 estimated August 2015 value
- 180,000,000 equity investment in 2013 purchase
2,320,000,000
- 500,000,000 repayment of 2013 loan debt
$ 1,820,000,000 potential profit from 2015 sale
Based on the estimated value of the company in 2015, the finances of the
redesigned Hostess are very stable. Consumers are still buying Hostess brands in great
numbers, even though the cost of Hostess products is greater than the competition.
Essay Five 4 points
If you were a strategic consultant presenting the above analysis to the company,
what advice would you offer? Incorporate (and credit) the theories of some of the
experts presented in class as part of your recommendations. Draw from the Expert
Presentations and/or the Position Papers to select theories applicable to your
analysis.
In all the research I did on Hostess brands and the turnaround that was
orchestrated by Mr. Jhawar and Mr. Metropoulos, I found very little business strategy in
regard to employees. So my advice I would offer to Hostess Brands starts with attention
to employees:
1. Happy employees lead to happy customers. Herb Kelleher of Southwest Airlines
recognized the value of employees who felt like they were part of the culture of the
company, and were empowered to solve problems and make suggestions for success.
This can lead to employees who are motivated to work to develop new/better products for
customers, which in turn will lead to higher profits.
And as Bruce Poon Tip believes, a business model is based on freedom – freedom
of employees to contribute suggestions for the success of the brand.
2. Invent new markets and products to satisfy the future needs of customers.
Gary Hamel writes about core competencies and future success of a corporation.
A few companies have proven themselves skilled at inventing new markets, quickly
entering emerging markets, and dramatically shifting patterns of customer choice in
established markets. The critical task for management is to create an organization capable
of developing products that customers need to fit the lifestyles of the future.
As the owners are considering selling the company in 2015 or perhaps
considering an IPO, they are also considering updating Hostess classics by offering new
flavors, such as red velvet and sea salt/caramel. They are also considering targeting the
fast-growing Hispanic market.
3. Continue co-branding and promotions. Hostess is a sponsor of a summer promotion
celebrating the “Minions” movie in theatres. They have created a “Twinkie Minion
Selfie” sweepstakes and limited-edition Twinkie Minion decorating kits with both classic
flavor and limited edition banana flavor Twinkies. Promotions of this sort should be
ongoing based on current popular culture. Combine these promotions with opportunities
for social media exposure.
4. Develop related products to keep the Hostess name relevant in the marketplace. For
example, Hostess has just introduced The Twinkies Cookbook, Twinkies 85th Anniversary
Edition. Related product development should be ongoing.
WORKS CITED
Bertoni, Steven. “The Twinkie Miracle”. Forbes. May 5, 2015. Web. August 10, 2015.
Kosman, Josh. “Owners to Collect Massive Profit From Buying Hostess”. The New
York Post, August 1, 2015. Web. August 10, 2015.
Shedlock, Mike. “Miracle Twinkies Comeback”. Mishi’s Global Economic Trend
Analysis. May 2, 2015. Web. August 10, 2015.
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