Https hbr org video 5236216251001 what makes a leader

Chapter 12: Leadership

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Helena Addae Ph.D

Chapter 12: Leadership

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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline

What? Types?

Leadership Theories

Trait

Behavioral

Contingency

Fiedler contingency model

Path-goal theory, by Robert House

Leader Member Exchange theory

Charismatic vs Transformational

Ethical Leadership

Trust & Leadership

Online Leadership

Does Leadership Matter?

Leadership Effectiveness

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Leadership

What?

Your questions on leadership?

Concepts you had some difficulty understanding?

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Leadership

Leadership - influence -> achievement of a vision or set of goals.

Types

Formal vs Informal

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Helena Addae Ph.D

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Trait theories

focus on personal qualities and characteristics.

personality, social, physical, or intellectual attributes

traits fit around the Big Five personality framework.

Like being around people.

Extraverted.

Conscientious

Are creative and flexible (open).

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Trait Theories of Leadership

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Emotional intelligence (EI).

Critical to effective leadership: A core component of EI is empathy.

Video…https://hbr.org/video/5236216251001/what-makes-a-leader

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Trait Theories of Leadership

Helena Addae Ph.D

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Traits

predict the emergence of leaders and the appearance of leadership > selection of leaders

Not distinguishing between effective and ineffective leaders.

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Conclusions of Trait Theories of Leadership

Helena Addae Ph.D

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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline

What? Types?

Leadership Theories

Trait

Behavioral

Contingency

Fiedler contingency model

Path-goal theory, by Robert House

Leader Member Exchange theory

Charismatic vs Transformational

Ethical Leadership

Trust & Leadership

Online Leadership

Leadership Effectiveness

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Imply we can train people to be leaders.

Ohio State Studies found two behaviors that accounted for most leadership behavior:

Initiating structure

Consideration

University of Michigan’s objectives also identified two behavioral types:

Production-oriented leader

Employee-oriented leader

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Behavioral Theories

Helena Addae Ph.D

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Culture and behavioral theories

Brazilian employees, team oriented, participative, and humane

What leadership work be more successful?

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Behavioral Theories

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Culture and behavioral theories

French: bureaucratic, status oriented

What leadership work be more successful?

What about Asians?

Chinese: Collective but ensure high productivity

What leadership work be more successful?

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Behavioral Theories

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Dark Triad?

What about

Narcissists?

Machiavellians

Psychopaths

Could they be good leaders?

…http://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2014/07/30/why-narcissists-make-good-ceos.html

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Summary so far

Leaders

Some traits, consideration,& structuring behaviors appear to be more effective.

Traits and behaviors do not guarantee success.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/deeppatel/2017/06/15/7-personality-traits-every-ceo-should-have/#1390357e1f02

Context matters, too.

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Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories

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Contingency Theories of Leadership

Fiedler contingency model

Path-goal theory, by Robert House

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Contingency Theories of Leadership

Fiedler contingency model

individual’s leadership style key

Least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire.

Task or relationship oriented.

Assumes leadership style is fixed.

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Defining the Situation

Contingency dimensions:

Leader-member relations

Task structure

Position power

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Fiedler contingency model

Helena Addae Ph.D

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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline

What? Types?

Leadership Theories

Trait

Behavioral

Contingency

Fiedler contingency model

Path-goal theory, by Robert House

Leader Member Exchange theory

Charismatic vs Transformational

Ethical Leadership

Trust & Leadership

Online Leadership

Does Leadership Matter?

Leadership Effectiveness

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Path-goal theory, developed by Robert House

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Other Contingency Theories

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Initiating structure, consideration and the expectancy theory of motivation.

Effective leaders

Path--------followers

achieve work goals.

Directive or supportive depends on the situation.

directive leadership - tasks are ambiguous or stressful

supportive leadership - performing structured tasks.

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Path-goal theory: Robert House

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LMX

What?

Why?

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Leader Member Exchange theory

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LMX

Demographics: overall, similar to me effect

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LMX

What?

Why?

Implications? What if you are in the in or out-group?

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Leader Member Exchange theory

Helena Addae Ph.D

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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline

What? Types?

Leadership Theories

Trait

Behavioral

Contingency

Fiedler contingency model

Path-goal theory, by Robert House

Leader Member Exchange theory

Charismatic vs Transformational

Ethical Leadership

Trust & Leadership

Online Leadership

Leadership Effectiveness

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Charismatic &Transformational Leadership

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Charismatic &Transformational Leadership

Are Charismatic Leaders Born or Made?

Develop the aura of charisma.

Create a bond that inspires others to follow.

Bring out the potential in followers by tapping into their emotions.

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How Charismatic Leaders Influence Followers

Articulating an appealing vision.

Developing a vision statement.

Establishing a new set of values.

Conveying courage and conviction about the vision.

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Charismatic Leadership

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Does Effective Charismatic Leadership Depend on the Situation?

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Charismatic Leadership

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The Dark Side of Charismatic Leadership

Leaders - allowed personal goals to override the goals of the organization.

narcissistic.

Some charismatic leaders are too successful at convincing followers to pursue a vision that can be disastrous.

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Charismatic Leadership

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Transformational Leadership

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How Transformational Leadership Works

Creativity

Decentralization

Propensity to take risks

Compensation

Increase follower self-efficacy

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Transformational Leadership

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Evaluation

Most effective - directly interact with the workforce - make decisions, not deal complex bureaucratic structure

High power distance and collectivism –improves group effectiveness

China and the United States - perceived procedural justice among individuals who were lower in power-distance orientation

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Transformational Leadership

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Evaluation

Confidence in their ability to be creative at work - higher levels of creative performance.

Related to higher levels of individual follower performance, team performance, and organizational performance.

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Transformational Leadership

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Culture - GLOBE regardless of country

disputes the contingency view that leadership style needs to adapt to cultural differences.

Universal elements are vision, foresight, provide encouragement, trustworthy, dynamic, positive, and proactive.

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Transformational Leadership

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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline

What? Types?

Leadership Theories

Trait

Behavioral

Contingency

Fiedler contingency model

Path-goal theory, by Robert House

Leader Member Exchange theory

Charismatic vs Transformational

Ethical Leadership

Trust & Leadership

Online Leadership

Does Leadership Matter?

Leadership Effectiveness

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Role of Leaders in Creating Ethical Organizations

Authentic Leadership

Authentic leaders:

Know who they are.

Know what they believe in and value.

Act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.

The result: people come to have faith in them.

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Ethical Leadership

Moral convictions in statements that reflect values

Set high ethical standards

Behave accordingly

Encourage and reward integrity of employees

Avoiding abuses of power

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Socialized charismatic leadership

Combination of ethical and charismatic leadership

conveys other-centered (not self-centered) values by leaders who model ethical conduct.

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Trust & Leadership

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Trust as a Process - Time:

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Online Leadership

Online Leadership

managers and employees linked by networks

Online leaders have to think carefully about what actions they want their digital messages to initiate.

Identification-based trust is difficult to achieve without face-to-face interaction.

Writing skills are likely to become an extension of interpersonal skills.

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Does Leadership Matter?

Do leaders always make a difference?

Effect on attitudes & behaviors?

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Leadership Substitutes and Neutralizers

Are leaders necessary?

Substitutes

What?

Situational factors can substitute for leader behaviors

Neutralizers

What?

Impossible for leaders to make a difference

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Leadership Substitutes and Neutralizers

Characteristics of the subordinate

Characteristics of the work

Characteristics of the group

Characteristics of the organization

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Effectiveness of Leadership

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Effectiveness of Leadership

Attribution theory of leadership

leadership is merely an attribution people make about other individuals.

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Effectiveness of Leadership

Selecting Leaders

Identifying effective leaders:

Review specific requirements for the position.

Consider personality tests to identify leadership traits.

Situation-specific experience is relevant.

Plan for a change in leadership.

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Implications for Managers

Questions??

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