Hype cycle for cloud computing 2014

Cloud Computing Intro

Cloud computing is one of the most hyped technologies in recent years. The CIO of LEI is very concefrned about their on-premises datacenter based systems and is concerned whether their IT landscape will become a limiting factor for rapid growth. He is seriously considering moving all systems and services to the cloud. However, he is not sure if moving to the cloud is the right thing to do atthis point. Read the articles posted on Canvas as well as read other relevant articles from credible sources and write a memo to the CIO of LEI advising him/her about cloud computing strategy for the next five years. Use additional resources as needed. Limit: 1,500 words.

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G00263850

Hype Cycle for Cloud Computing, 2014 Published: 24 July 2014

Analyst(s): David Mitchell Smith

Cloud computing continues to be one of the most hyped subjects in IT, but it is becoming more and more an integral concept in IT overall. This research looks at the different aspects of cloud computing and where the technologies are on Gartner's Hype Cycle.

Table of Contents

Analysis..................................................................................................................................................3

What You Need to Know..................................................................................................................3

The Hype Cycle................................................................................................................................ 5

The Priority Matrix.............................................................................................................................7

Off the Hype Cycle........................................................................................................................... 9

On the Rise...................................................................................................................................... 9

Web-Scale Architecture..............................................................................................................9

Cloud Integrated Infrastructure Services (CIIS).......................................................................... 10

Cloud MDM Hub Services........................................................................................................ 12

Specialist Cloud Service Brokerages.........................................................................................14

Cloud/Client Computing........................................................................................................... 16

Software-Defined Anything....................................................................................................... 18

Customization Brokerage......................................................................................................... 19

Cloud IMDG Services............................................................................................................... 22

DevOps.................................................................................................................................... 24

Container Frameworks..............................................................................................................26

Internal CSB............................................................................................................................. 28

At the Peak.....................................................................................................................................31

Hybrid IT...................................................................................................................................31

Private PaaS.............................................................................................................................32

Cloud API Management............................................................................................................35

Cloud Security Standards......................................................................................................... 37

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ADLM PaaS..............................................................................................................................40

Enterprise Integration PaaS (iPaaS)...........................................................................................42

Cloud Management Platforms.................................................................................................. 44

Cloudbursting...........................................................................................................................47

Platform as a Service (PaaS).....................................................................................................49

Cloud Service Brokerage.......................................................................................................... 52

Sliding Into the Trough....................................................................................................................55

Application PaaS (aPaaS)......................................................................................................... 55

Big Data................................................................................................................................... 57

Cloud BPM...............................................................................................................................60

Cloud Testing Tools and Service...............................................................................................63

Database Platform as a Service................................................................................................ 64

Hybrid Cloud Computing.......................................................................................................... 67

IaaS+........................................................................................................................................69

Personal Cloud......................................................................................................................... 71

Private Cloud Computing..........................................................................................................74

Private IaaS.............................................................................................................................. 76

Cloud-Based Security Services.................................................................................................77

Real-Time Infrastructure............................................................................................................79

Public Cloud Storage................................................................................................................81

Cloud Office Systems............................................................................................................... 83

Cloud Computing..................................................................................................................... 85

Cloud/Web Platforms............................................................................................................... 86

Climbing the Slope......................................................................................................................... 88

Browser Client OS.................................................................................................................... 88

Enterprise Cloud Email..............................................................................................................90

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)...............................................................................................91

Integration Brokerage............................................................................................................... 93

Software as a Service (SaaS).................................................................................................... 96

Sales Force Automation SaaS.................................................................................................. 97

Virtualization............................................................................................................................. 98

Appendixes.................................................................................................................................. 100

Hype Cycle Phases, Benefit Ratings and Maturity Levels........................................................ 102

Gartner Recommended Reading........................................................................................................ 103

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List of Tables

Table 1. Hype Cycle Phases...............................................................................................................102

Table 2. Benefit Ratings......................................................................................................................102

Table 3. Maturity Levels......................................................................................................................103

List of Figures

Figure 1. Hype Cycle for Cloud Computing, 2014...................................................................................6

Figure 2. Priority Matrix for Cloud Computing, 2014............................................................................... 8

Figure 3. Hype Cycle for Cloud Computing, 2013...............................................................................101

Analysis

What You Need to Know

Cloud computing has been and continues to be one of the most hyped terms in the history of IT. Its hype transcends the IT industry and has entered popular culture, which has had the effect of increasing hype and confusion around the term. In fact, cloud computing hype is literally "off the charts" as Gartner's Hype Cycle does not measure amplitude of hype (that is, a heavily hyped term, such as cloud computing, rises no higher on the Hype Cycle than anything else).

As we have stated in previous cloud computing Hype Cycle research, including "Hype Cycle for Cloud Computing, 2013," it is simplistic to look at only the hype around the high-level term. As aspects of the cloud move into mainstream adoption, each technology needs to be looked at separately. There is misunderstanding and confusion specific to each aspect of the cloud, not just to the overall term. There is misuse and miscommunication among users and vendors, making it a subject uniquely suited for analysis using Gartner's Hype Cycle. As usual, in cases like this, there is indeed overhype, but there are also potential benefits. Understanding those benefits requires tearing apart the hype surrounding cloud computing, and looking at the many more-granular topics, which are all part of the cloud phenomenon. This follows the pattern observed with other similarly broad labels, such as "the Internet" and "the Web."

Cloud computing, which itself is represented as a point on the Hype Cycle, is approaching the Trough of Disillusionment. One reason for this is simply cloud fatigue, as the hype surrounding cloud has been present for many years and does not appear to be going away anytime soon. A major reason for this fatigue is "cloudwashing" (painting anything and everything with the cloud term). Vendors and users alike continue to confuse and abuse the term. Vendors use it to sell whatever they have, while users use it to justify investments in projects (such as private cloud). Hosting solutions that have a subscription pricing model, but without shared elastic capabilities, are also being called "cloud." Virtualized automated data centers, often lacking even basic self-service

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capability, much less elasticity (difficult without sharing) and scalability, are called private clouds. As "cloud" is used to apply to an ever-widening set of external services, without regard to the other characteristics that set cloud apart, the term becomes even more unclear. Companies may buy these cloud services and then be surprised to find that they do not get the agility and potential cost savings that they may have expected by moving to what they believe is cloud computing.

Another reason for cloud approaching the Trough of Disillusionment is that, any time there is the slightest cloud outage, headlines announce it. While failures are rare, they affect potentially many and generate high-visibility news. In addition, security and privacy concerns, exacerbated by government surveillance and nationalistic tendencies, continue to cast a cloud over the cloud.

Although cloud computing is approaching the Trough of Disillusionment, it remains a major force in IT. Users are changing their buying behaviors, and although it's unlikely they'll completely abandon on-premises models or soon buy most complex, mission-critical processes as services through the cloud, there is increased interest in agility and innovation as digital business beckons. The transition to digital business can benefit from taking advantage of capabilities that are not easily provided elsewhere.

While the hype has peaked, there is still a tremendous amount of hype around cloud computing. Every IT vendor has a cloud strategy, although many aren't cloud-centric (and sometimes are heavily cloudwashed, with nonelastic contracts obviating cloud benefits). Variations, such as private cloud computing and hybrid approaches, compound the hype and reinforce the fact that one entry on a Hype Cycle cannot adequately represent all that is cloud computing.

Our continued research on cloud computing looks broadly at the big picture, as well as the details of cloud computing and the many issues facing enterprises. With hype comes confusion. While cloud computing is at its core a very simple idea — consuming and/or delivering services from the cloud — there are many issues regarding the types of cloud computing and the scope of deployment that make the details not nearly so simple. Everyone has a perspective and an opinion, and although some aspects are coming into focus, confusion remains the norm. Many misconceptions exist around potential benefits, pitfalls and, of course, cost savings. Cloud is often part of cost-cutting discussions, even though its ability to cut costs is not a given. There are many reasons to talk about the capabilities enabled by cloud computing — agility, speed and innovation — and these are more often the desired and delivered benefits (as evidenced by Gartner CIO surveys, which show that agility accounts for 50% of the reasons for going to the cloud, versus 14% for cost savings). These are the potential benefits that can be overlooked if hype fatigue sets in. This Hype Cycle is a tool that people under pressure to buy into something that is useful, but not fully mature, can use to avoid awkward mistakes, while exploiting the advantages of cloud as quickly as possible.

This Hype Cycle identifies which aspects of cloud computing are still primarily in the hype stage, which applications and technologies are approaching significant adoption, and which technologies are reasonably mature. There continues to be a seemingly never-ending supply of new concepts that enter the market and are attempting to "piggyback" onto the cloud hype. There are many aspects of cloud clustered around the Peak of Inflated Expectations. Cloud computing itself is now significantly past the Peak of Inflated Expectations and approaching the Trough of Disillusionment.

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Although the term "cloud computing" is relatively new, it incorporates derivations of ideas that have been in use for some time. Hosting, software as a service (SaaS) and virtualization are well- established and are being used in many ways. As a result, some uses of cloud computing are mature (such as SaaS, virtualization and infrastructure as a service [IaaS]), but outside that, maturity of many cloud-related technologies and concepts is spotty. Some concepts born in the cloud have begun to take on largely hyped lives of their own. For example, private cloud computing and platform as a service (PaaS) are now hyped as much as the term "cloud." Big data is also becoming a popular term and phenomenon. One term in particular, "hybrid cloud computing," is, in many ways, replacing cloud computing as an amorphous catch-all category that vendors (and users) are using as the overall umbrella term.

New on the Hype Cycle for 2014 is Web-scale architecture and cloud/client computing.

The Hype Cycle

This Hype Cycle covers a broad collection of concepts and technologies associated with cloud computing (see Figure 1). It is the sixth instance of this Hype Cycle.

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Figure 1. Hype Cycle for Cloud Computing, 2014

Innovation Trigger

Peak of Inflated

Expectations

Trough of Disillusionment Slope of Enlightenment

Plateau of Productivity

time

expectations

Plateau will be reached in:

less than 2 years 2 to 5 years 5 to 10 years more than 10 years obsolete before plateau

As of July 2014

Specialist Cloud Service Brokerages Cloud/Client Computing

Software-Defined Anything

Customization Brokerage

Cloud Security Standards Cloud API Management

Private PaaS

ADLM PaaS

Big Data

Enterprise Integration PaaS (iPaaS)

Cloud Management Platforms

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Cloud BPM

Hybrid Cloud Computing

Personal Cloud Private Cloud Computing

Database Platform as a Service

IaaS+

Private IaaS

Cloud Testing Tools and Service

Cloud-Based Security Services Real-Time Infrastructure

Application PaaS (aPaaS)

Public Cloud Storage

Cloud Office Systems

Cloud Computing Cloud/Web Platforms

Enterprise Cloud Email Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Virtualization Sales Force Automation SaaS

Web-Scale Architecture

Cloud Integrated Infrastructure Services (CIIS)

Cloud MDM Hub Services

DevOps

Internal CSB

Cloudbursting

Cloud Service Brokerage

Browser Client OS

Cloud IMDG Services

Integration Brokerage

Container Frameworks

Hybrid IT

Source: Gartner (July 2014)

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The Priority Matrix

Most cloud computing technologies and concepts are more than two years from mainstream adoption, with some exceptions, such as certain types of SaaS (for example, sales force automation). Many cloud technologies and concepts will see mainstream adoption in two to five years. Some more impactful items include application platform as a service (aPaaS) and private cloud computing. Some technologies and concepts will take five to 10 years for mainstream adoption to occur (see Figure 2).

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Figure 2. Priority Matrix for Cloud Computing, 2014

benefit years to mainstream adoption

less than 2 years 2 to 5 years 5 to 10 years more than 10 years

transformational Virtualization Cloud Computing

Hybrid Cloud Computing

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Big Data

DevOps

Internal CSB

Real-Time Infrastructure

high Application PaaS (aPaaS)

Cloud API Management

Cloud BPM

Cloud IMDG Services

Cloud Office Systems

Cloud Security Standards

Cloud Testing Tools and Service

Cloud/Web Platforms

Cloudbursting

Enterprise Integration PaaS (iPaaS)

Hybrid IT

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Personal Cloud

Private Cloud Computing

Private IaaS

Private PaaS

Public Cloud Storage

Specialist Cloud Service Brokerages

Cloud Management Platforms

Cloud Service Brokerage

Cloud/Client Computing

Software-Defined Anything

Web-Scale Architecture

moderate Sales Force Automation SaaS

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Browser Client OS

Cloud Integrated Infrastructure Services (CIIS)

Cloud-Based Security Services

Database Platform as a Service

Enterprise Cloud Email

IaaS+

Integration Brokerage

ADLM PaaS

Cloud MDM Hub Services

Container Frameworks

Customization Brokerage

low

As of July 2014

Source: Gartner (July 2014)

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Off the Hype Cycle

In this iteration of the Hype Cycle for cloud computing, we do not include infrastructure utility services (IUS). As the service market matures in its recognition of cloud services, Gartner has defined IUS as a form of outsourcing, which is not a cloud service, and so it is on another Hype Cycle.

On the Rise

Web-Scale Architecture

Analysis by: Nathan Wilson

Definition: Web-scale application architecture focuses on designing software than can be rapidly modified to meet new business needs. Systems designed with good SOA architecture, extensible APIs and flexible models will increase their maximum development velocity. Horizontal scalability supports progressive deployment as well as the ability to expand to meet high throughput requirements.

Position and Adoption Speed Justification: Over the last few years, an increasing number of IT organizations have attempted to adopt Web-scale continuous flow development models. Many of these organizations have found that one of the early constraints that are limiting the flow of the new functionality is the architecture of the system. Web-scale architecture is a response to this reality. Gartner recommends that an organization achieve a moderate to high level of competency in project-level agile development before attempting a Web-scale continuous model. This limits the number of clients that are able to fully exploit Web-scale architecture.

This style of architecture is typically seen among advanced practitioners of Web-scale software development, placing Web-scale architecture very early in the Hype Cycle. Since Web-scale architecture is a critical part of successful Web-scale development, it is expected to reach the plateau at about the same time.

User Advice: Many of the principles of Web-scale architecture are based on well-established service-oriented architecture (SOA) and cloud-native design practices. Start to adopt the following architectural patterns to improve your software today, and to prepare for Web-scale development in the future:

■ Service-oriented architecture — Break software into modular pieces to reduce change conflicts.

■ Extensible and versionable APIs — Already an SOA best practice, this is essential to allow services to be deployed independently.

■ Agile architecture — The software design needs focus on building the most flexible design.

■ Basic availability, soft-state, eventual consistency (BASE) transactions — Moving from atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability (ACID) to BASE transactions will support horizontal scalability and allow for progressive deployments.

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Business Impact: In Web-scale architecture, Web-scale software is designed to support large and variable workloads by deploying it into an arbitrarily large number of cloud-based servers. The architecture allows for the safe upgrade of individual services and the interoperation of different versions of the same server to allow for the progressive deployment of new code across as set of servers. Progressive deployment allows for the early detection of operational issues of new software, and a quick and easy way to back out problematic changes.

The use of Web-scale application architecture patterns will enable the IT department to better keep up with rapidly changing business needs in most organizations today. To take full advantage of this responsiveness, the business will have to forge a new collaborative relationship with IT. Agile development has transformed the way the IT is done. Web-scale IT is increasing the scope and speed of this change. The role and goals of the application architect will have to change significantly to support this new model.

Benefit Rating: High

Market Penetration: Less than 1% of target audience

Maturity: Embryonic

Recommended Reading:

"The Impact of DevOps and Web-Scale IT on Application Development"

"The Impact of Agile on Application Architecture"

"Next Practices in Application Architecture: What We Learn From Big Web Sites"

Cloud Integrated Infrastructure Services (CIIS)

Analysis by: Yefim V. Natis; Lydia Leong

Definition: Cloud integrated infrastructure services (CIISs) offer integrated IaaS and PaaS capabilities. The degree of integration may vary, but includes the use of a single self-service portal and catalog, shared identity and access management, and unified billing. An application can efficiently span both environments within an integrated, low-latency network context. CIISs are typically offered by one vendor supporting the entire technology suite, though some partner components may also be included and integrated.

Position and Adoption Speed Justification: Both IaaS and PaaS are used as foundation services for application development and deployment. Since IaaS offers unfettered access to the underlying operating system (OS), it allows the customer to have full control over the environment, and thus can be used not only for cloud-native work, but also for retrofitting existing precloud middleware, applications and skills, as well as for hosting development and test stages of enterprise-internal software projects. It is also a preferred choice when the subscriber wants full control of the software infrastructure, cloud or otherwise. PaaS is designed primarily for new cloud application projects (development, integration and others), though the cloud-based PaaS (like CloudBees RUN@cloud or MuleSoft Cloud) are partly backward-compatible on software and skills as well. PaaS is the

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preferred choice for projects that value productivity and reduced complexity. Cloud-native PaaSs (like salesforce.com's Force.com and Dell Boomi) are new, typically high-productivity platforms with programming models used exclusively for cloud-native application projects. PaaS provides greater ease of management and may improve developer productivity, but the customer gives up some control over the full execution environment. Most organizations across different projects need services of all three types: IaaS for environments that are fully controlled by the customer (which will include most legacy migration or development/test projects), cloud-based PaaS for advanced cloud and hybrid projects, and the high-productivity cloud-native PaaS for rapid cloud outcomes.

Most cloud service providers enter the cloud services market with one category of service: IaaS, PaaS or SaaS, and over time tend to expand. SaaS naturally expands to PaaS to support extension and integration of their business offerings (for example, salesforce.com offered Force.com). IaaS providers expand to PaaS to broaden their services, attract new customers and increase subscribers' productivity. In some cases, IaaS providers directly integrate PaaS capabilities — for example, Amazon Web Services offers capabilities such as DynamoDB and ElastiCache — resulting in a CIIS offering. Other IaaS providers may have a separate PaaS offering; for instance, IBM has SoftLayer for IaaS and the Codename: BlueMix PaaS in preview, and CenturyLink has CenturyLink Cloud for IaaS and AppFog for PaaS. Over the last two years, the PaaS-first vendors have begun to offer their own IaaSs: Microsoft added Virtual Machines to Microsoft Azure, Google added Compute Engine to Google Cloud Platform and Oracle is planning a similar offering.

With PaaS vendors offering IaaS and IaaS vendors offering PaaS, the distinction between the two has become less pronounced. There is pure IaaS with users bringing their own middleware licenses, IaaS+ where users provision machine images that include middleware (as in Amazon Marketplace), managed PaaS where users provision middleware instances, but retain some access to the underlying infrastructure (as in Engine Yard), there are PaaSs where users provision opaque stacks of middleware service, but IaaS is utilized "under the hood" (as in Heroku), and finally there are PaaSs where opaque services do not require virtualization at all (as in Force.com).

The increasing availability of integrated IaaS and PaaS offered by some of the IT megavendors offers the opportunity for users to combine the different models of application infrastructure in a shared environment. Users may select a combination of an application platform as a service (aPaaS) with a DBMS deployed on a virtual machine (VM), or migrate an unchanged application to the IaaS platform and connect it to cloud in-memory caching services. Users can place some data in DBMSs on dedicated VMs for added protection, other data on a database platform as a service (dbPaaS) for efficiency and access both from applications on either platform. Furthermore, the limitations of a PaaS's restrictions may be partially overcome by deploying instances of that PaaS on VMs, as in Google App Engine's Managed VMs.

Although, today, such combined application arrangements in enterprise settings are rare, we expect them to gain significant popularity and adoption in the next 12 to 24 months.