I need 350 words essay in "Can wind and solar power play a role after the end of fossil fuel?"

The argument is essay.

The topic: Can wind and solar power play a role after the end of fossil fuel? 

-in each body paragraph should have one citation and u have to explain after each citation 

- Four paragraphs: 

-Introduction

-budy1

-budy2

-conclusion.

Using two sources.

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Attachment 1:

ENGL 102 Argument Essay Checklist

Name of Student who wrote the essay: ___________________________________________________

Name of Student who checked the essay: __________________________________________________

 Checklist CHECK 

1. Do you have a printout of this Checklist and are you using a pencil or pen to put a check by each point in this list?

2. Does the essay have a name, section, and a student ID?

3. Is the title at the top and is it middle indented?

4. Is the entire essay left indented?

5. Are there only and exactly four paragraphs: an introduction, two body paragraphs, and a conclusion?

6. Does the introduction set the context for the argument?

7. Does the introduction clearly state what the experts propose are the two sides of an argument in the sentence before the thesis statement?

8. Does the thesis statement clearly state the opinion about what should or should not happen by using the words “should” or “should not” (or some other modal verb like “need” or “must”)?

9. Does the thesis statement contain an agent or agents who should act on the advice the writer is saying is his opinion?

10. Does the thesis statement contain two specific reasons that support the opinion?

11. Does each specific reason contain a verb in order to make it clear?

12. Does the author clearly restate his opinion in the topic sentence of the first body paragraph, along with the specific reason?

13. Does the author elaborate upon his ideas in the sentences directly after the topic sentence?

14. After every citation, did the author tell the reader how he should interpret the citation by saying, “This means that…” or some other Interpretive Move?

15. Does the first body paragraph have a concluding sentence that summarizes the paragraph?

16. Does the author clearly restate his opinion in the topic sentence of the second body paragraph, along with the specific reason?

17. Is there a source citation in the introduction or conclusion? REMOVE IT.

18. Is there a source citation in the thesis statement or a topic sentence? REMOVE IT.

19. Is there a source citation in the last sentence in a body paragraph? REMOVE IT.

20. Does the last sentence in a body paragraph start with, “Finally”? REMOVE IT.

21. Does the author cite sources so many times that it seems like the author has no thoughts of his own? Do not do this.

22. Does the author make suggestions about what agents such as companies or governments or scientists or university administrators, etc. should do in the first or second body paragraph? REMOVE THIS and put it in the conclusion.

23. If the author gives an example, did he write, “For example,”?

24. Does the author begin his conclusion with the words, “In conclusion,”?

25. Is the first sentence of the conclusion paragraph a paraphrase of the thesis statement?

26. Does the conclusion paragraph contain some advice for agents such as governments or companies or scientists or university administrators on what they should do to solve or fix the problem for which the author is arguing he has a solution?

27. Is there at least one prediction in the conclusion paragraph about how the future will be better if the agents follow his advice?

28. Did the author spell all the words properly?

29. Did the author check to make sure that he did not plagiarize from any sources on the internet or other papers? Ask him.

30. Does the author use the words “I” or “my” anywhere in the essay? If so, REMOVE THEM since they do not belong in 102.

Rubric Columns:          

Content ________________ 

Organization ___________________ 

Language ______________________ 

Paraphrase and Referencing ____________________ 

Overall Grade ___________________ 

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Attachment 2:

Have we seen the end of fossil fuels?- Source 1

Richards, Thomas. “Have we seen the end of fossil fuels?" New York Times 4 Feb. 2010. Web. 31 Dec. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2010/02/04/have-we-seen-the-end-of-fossil-fuels-20341.html?pagewanted=all>

Environmental groups in developed nations talk of a coming world based on solar, wind and other forms of renewable energy. However, is this the case in every part of the world? Probably not, especially in some of the most populated and rapidly developing areas of the world. India's 8 percent economic growth rate is powered by coal. Its coal consumption is projected to increase by at least 400 percent by the year 2030.

While about 70 percent of India's electricity comes from coal-burning plants, there are still around 400 million Indians waiting for electricity. The new Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, has promised to connect them all within five years. This means that in the next 20 years India may need to mine about 2 billion tons of coal per year. The current figure is 550 million tons. It could emit between 4 billion and 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year

A further development which is likely to prolong the ‘fossil fuel age’ is the discovery of methane hydrates. It is estimated that there is at least twice as much carbon stored in methane hydrates as there is in all conventional oil, gas, and coal-enough to last into the next century. The implications are obvious. Dr. Martin Smith, an environmental scientist from Oxford Union stated “Exploiting these reserves of methane hydrates will result in a massive increase in greenhouse gas emissions and put a brake on, if not halt the transition to greener energies.”

Global Climate Change and the Role of Renewables.

Blew, T. (2012, July) Global climate change and the role of renewables. Wind Power World. Retrieved from www.windpowerworld.com

Disadvantages of renewables

Power density

In terms of power density, wind power and solar compare very badly with other renewables and fossil fuels. While wind and solar have a power density of 1.2 and 6.7 W/m2respectively, a small oil well producing 10 barrels per day has a power density of 27W/m2. Nuclear has a power density of and 56 W/m2 and coal 35 W/m2.

What does this mean with respect to the practicalities and feasibility of using wind or solar power as one of our energy sources? To generate around 15% of the UK’s energy needs an area the size of Wales (20,779km2) would be needed to house the 100,000 turbines required.

A new methane gas powered plant in Wales is capable of generating over 2000MW, enough to power around 3.5 million homes. This is nearly ten times as much electricity, 24 hours of every day, as a planned wind farm covering 60 miles2.

Intermittency

On one occasion in the summer, figures show that the output of three UK wind farms was sufficient only to power three electric kettles. Another feature that must be factored in is that wind and solar rarely operate at 100% efficiency. Reports show that many wind farms across the UK could guarantee to provide less than two per cent of their maximum output, because of wind variability in all seasons. Models found that for 20 weeks in a typical year the wind farms would generate less than a fifth (2GW) of their maximum power.

Storage

Another fundamental problem with wind and solar is storage. This inability to store the electricity produced by wind power is one of the biggest factors holding back the drive for more wind power. An illustration of the problem of storage is the case of Denmark. For a small country Denmark has some of the largest wind farms. Unfortunately, the periods when wind conditions are ideal usually coincides with the periods when the demand is at its lowest. Consequently, Denmark has to sell this excess energy to its neighbors at a much reduced rate. When the demand in Denmark rises, it has to buy energy back from its neighbors at peak rates.

SourGlobal Climate Change: Can wind and solar power play a role?  

Blew, T. (2012, July) Global climate change: Can wind and solar power play a role? World of Renewables . Retrieved from www.greenpowerworld.com

Ever increasing worldwide use of oil, gas, and coal—fossil fuel—leads to more carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which in turn causes global warming. In addition, fossil fuel is a limited resource. We all agree that in the long run the world needs to find alternatives to oil, gas, and coal—the fossil fuels. Fossil fuels generate CO2, which adds to global warming. The power sources that replace fossil fuels must be cleaner, and not add to pollution or climate change. Some people argue that wind and solar power are the answer.

Power density

In terms of power density, wind and solar power compare very badly with other renewables and fossil fuels. Power density, with respect to energy sources refers to the energy flow that can be harnessed from a given area and is measured in W/m2. While wind and solar have a power density of 1.2 and 6.7 W/m2 respectively, nuclear has a power density of 56 W/m2 respectively.

What does this mean with respect to the practicalities and feasibility of using wind or solar power as one of our energy sources? It means that for wind or solar power to make an appreciable contribution to meeting our energy needs huge areas of land would have to be set aside to locate the requisite number of turbines or solar panels. For example, to generate around 15% of the UK’s energy needs an area the size of Wales would be needed to house the 100,000 turbines required. With respect to area, and cost, this is unfeasible.

Intermittency

Another disadvantage of wind and solar power is that they are dependent on the vagaries of the wind. If the wind does not blow or the sun does not shine, there is no energy produced. On one occasion in the summer, figures show that the output of three UK wind farms was sufficient only to power three electric kettles. Another feature that must be factored in is that wind turbines and solar panels rarely operate at 100% efficiency. On many days the wind velocity is insufficient for the wind turbine to meet its optimum speed. Also, rather perversely, on days with high velocity winds, the turbines have to be ‘switched off’ to prevent mechanical damage. With respect to solar panels, cloud cover and a build-up of dirt on the panels can considerably reduce efficiency.

Because of the reasons outlined above, if we have to depend on one of these intermittent sources of energy, we must have a backup, or reserve. If these were other renewable energy forms, intermittency of wind and solar would be a relatively minor criticism. However, much of this backup energy is provided by fossil fuels in the form of coal, oil or natural gas fired power stations. These cannot be started up and closed down at short notice, so they have to be ‘running’ continuously at a low level in the event they are needed. Therefore even when we are relying on wind and solar power, we are still emitting quantities of carbon dioxide.

Storage

Another fundamental problem with wind and solar power is storage. With fossil fuels the fuel carries the energy ‘within it’ in the easily accessible form of chemical energy. We burn the fuel and release the energy as and when we need it. Wind and solar, in contrast, act independently of demand. Energy is produced when the wind blows or the sun shines. This energy is available immediately. If it is not used, it is lost. This inability to store the electricity produced by wind power is one of the biggest factors holding back the drive for more wind and solar power.

An illustration of the problem of storage is the case of Denmark. For a small country Denmark has some of the largest wind farms. Unfortunately, the periods when wind conditions are ideal usually coincides with the periods when the demand is at its lowest. Consequently, Denmark has to sell this excess energy to its neighbors at a much reduced rate. When the demand in Denmark rises, it has to buy energy back from its neighbors at peak rates. As a result, Danish consumers are hit with some of the world’s highest electricity charges.

Tim Blew spent 25 years as an engineer specializing in renewable and non-renewable energy technologies. In the last 7 years he has worked predominantly on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques. He also acts as an advisor to the Carbon Alliance, an organization funded by companies in the fracking industry. The remit of the Alliance is ‘to provide objective, scientific evidence to facilitate a balanced debate about our energy future’. He has written for a number of magazines such as The New Scientist, The Economist and Scientific American. He is also a regular contributor to many news organizations, including the BBC and CNN. 

Are we moving into a ‘greener’ energy future? 

• Based on the sources above, the answer is________?

• We are going to write a 4 paragraph academic composition: introduction, body paragraph 1, body paragraph 2 and conclusion. 

 Group work: In general terms what issues do the 2 sources discuss? Brainstorm. What ideas can you add yourself? What did you already know about this subject? What have you learned from the previous reading tasks? 

Planning the essay 

Introduction: set the context, thesis statement that addresses question. 

Main idea paragraph 1:  

Topic sentence _________________________________________________________________ 

______________________________________________________________________________ 

 
• Supporting ideas 

•

•

Main idea paragraph 2:

Topic sentence _________________________________________________________________ 

______________________________________________________________________________ 

 
• Supporting ideas 

•

•

Conclusion: